{ "type": "ProjectCollection", "metadata": { "license": "CC-BY-4.0", "version": "1.2.1", "history": "Created: Fri Aug 12 11:20:05 2022", "institution": "CarbonPlan", "source": "scripts/build_projects.py", "hostname": "Katas-MacBook-Pro-2.local", "username": "katamartin" }, "projects": [ { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Avoids emissions from decomposing biomass and sequesters carbon in laminated wood building materials. May also avoid emissions that would come from producing other materials.", "comment": "From a narrow lifecycle perspective, project only avoids biogenic CO\u2082 emissions. From a broad perspective, the same mechanism forms a carbon removal pathway when coupled to biomass production." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 25000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Volume sourced from multiple facilities across Finland to produce laminated lumber from kiln-dried pine and spruce. Claims an annual production capacity of 40000 tCO\u2082. Project is based on the Puro platform.", "comment": "Species and composition of wood and wood products are well-characterized. Further validation of volume would require knowing the decay rates of the feedstock." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": 0.776, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Reported ratio based on 0.16 tCO\u2082 emissions for 0.71 tCO\u2082 stored. Boundary conditions include raw materials through production stage. Excludes transport of finished materials and construction-related emissions.", "comment": "Analysis performed by third-party with public details, as required by Puro. Boundary conditions well-specified and LCA components detailed and referenced." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 50.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Claims 50 to 200 years.", "comment": "Wood carbon stored in building materials is more durable than in forests. We report 50 as the minimum of the claimed range, which is plausible based on existing literature." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "Counterfactual is either decomposing biomass resources or using to generate heat or electrical energy.", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": 20.0, "units": "$/tCO\u2082", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Public documentation on LCA is available with third-party analysis as required by Puro, but few public details on manufacturing process." } ], "tags": [ "biomass", "wood" ], "id": "STRP015", "description": "Manufacturing wooden building elements. ", "applicant": "Finnish Log House", "rating": "3", "keywords": "", "methods": "Regarding the permanence of wooden building materials, they are generally considered to last longer than wood in forests, likely decades and possibly centuries (Hepburn et al., 2019, Lippke et al., 2011), and a detailed survey of housing in the United States found that more than half of wood-based housing stock was at least 80 years old (Winistorfer et al., 2005). Thus, we consider the lower bound of 50 reported for this project within a highly plausible range.", "location": { "name": "Finland" }, "source": { "name": "Stripe 2020 Negative Emissions Purchase", "id": "STRP00", "date": "05-18-2020", "license": "CC-BY-4.0", "url": "https://github.com/stripe/negative-emissions-source-materials" }, "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://puro.earth/services/wooden-building-elements-finland-on-hold-100010" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "05-18-2020", "note": "First release." }, { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "Added documentation column to match new conventions. Updated volume validation to reflect new understanding about biomass-based project volumes being defined in comparison to the counterfactual feedstock decay rates." } ], "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Avoids emissions from biomass resources and transforms them into long-lived biochar materials.", "comment": "From a narrow lifecycle perspective, project only avoids biogenic CO\u2082 emissions. From a broad perspective, the same mechanism forms a carbon removal pathway when coupled to biomass production." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 2431.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Volume sourced from a biochar facility in Finland. Project is based on the Puro platform.", "comment": "Volume is based on producing 785 t of biochar with 92% C by mass. For consistency with other biochar projects, volume is decreased by 10% because permanence assumes the duration over which 90% of volume will remain. Further validation of volume would require knowing the decay rates of the feedstock." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": 0.944, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Reported ratio based on 0.17 tCO\u2082 emitted for 3.4 tCO\u2082 stored. Includes fossil emissions for transporation and pyrolosis. Excludes 1.69 tCO\u2082 emissions from biogenic sources, and does not include transporation to customer.", "comment": "Analysis performed by third-party with public details, as required by Puro. Boundary conditions well-specified and LCA components detailed and referenced. Minor permanence adjustment made for consistency with other biochar projects." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 755.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Claims 100 to 5000 years.", "comment": "Using the reported O:C ratio of 0.021 and a simple published model, we estimate 755 years as an approximate duration during which 90% of biochar C remains. This should be considered approximate, as permanence is only weakly correlated with composition, and likely depends on the storage environment and other factors." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Feedstock is residual wood (thinnings). Further analysis would require knowing competing uses for feedstock." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": 100.0, "units": "$/tCO\u2082", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Reasonable details provided on project specifics, public documentation on chemical composition and LCA is available, with third-party analysis as required by Puro." } ], "tags": [ "biomass", "biochar" ], "id": "STRP017", "description": "Demonstration and commercialisation of biochar.", "applicant": "Carbofex", "rating": "3", "keywords": "", "methods": "The offered volume is 2585 net tCO\u2082 stored, reflecting life cycle and buffer deductions. Given the stated rate of 3.1 net tCO\u2082 stored per ton of biochar, this offer corresponds to the production of 833 t biochar. Given the stated C fraction of 92%, 833 t biochar corresponds to 2810 tCO\u2082 embodied in the biochar at the point of production. For consistency in reporting biochar projects, we report the volume of 90% of 2810, or 2528 tCO\u2082 permanently stored. \n\nTo validate permanence, we use a simple decay model based on Campbell et al. (2019) and data reviewed in Spokas (2010) (see [Jupyter notebook](https://github.com/carbonplan/notebooks/tree/master/biochar) for details). The stated composition ratio of O:C of 0.021 corresponds approximately to a half life of 4969 years. Assuming a first order exponential decay with a half life of 4969 yields a decay constant of k = log(2) / 4969. 90% of the biochar volume will remain in 755 years via the equation -log(0.9)/k, so consistent with biochar projects, we express the permanence as 755 years. This should be considered approximate, as permanence is only weakly correlated with composition, and likely depends as much or more so on the decay environment (Campbell et al., 2019). Further analysis of the volume would require knowing the decay rate of the feedstock for comparison.\n\nFor consistency, the 90% correction on volume was extended to the calculation of negativity, specifically, applied to the 3.4 tCO\u2082 stored (relative to 0.17 tCO\u2082 emitted), and negativity was recomputed.\n", "location": { "name": "Tampere, Finland" }, "source": { "name": "Stripe 2020 Negative Emissions Purchase", "id": "STRP00", "date": "05-18-2020", "license": "CC-BY-4.0", "url": "https://github.com/stripe/negative-emissions-source-materials" }, "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://puro.earth/services/biochar-finland-100008" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "05-18-2020", "note": "First release." }, { "date": "02-18-2021", "note": "Added documentation column to match new conventions. Updated permanence estimation to reflect new, standardized initialization for fitting the biochar decay model. Updated volume to reflect feedback from Carbofex pointing out a misinterpretation of net versus gross volume claims." } ], "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Avoids emissions from forest loss and removes carbon from the atmosphere for sequestration in forest carbon.", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 631845.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Improved forest management project on 8485 acres on state-owned land in Tennessee. Project is projected to generate 770,543 tCO\u2082 beneifts over 20 years, the dominant majority of which (545,254 tCO\u2082 or 71%) are avoided emissions from forest harvesting. An 18% risk buffer pool is set aside to mitigate against potential reversals, producing a net expected removal of 631,845 tCO\u2082. No specific method for calculating forest carbon benefits identified. Buffer pool calculated using American Carbon Registry methods.", "comment": "Project claims 5.6 tCO\u2082 / ha / yr from forest growth, which falls within a highly plausible range based on USFS yield tables. The estimated 599 tCO\u2082 / ha maximum standing stock falls on the high end of a plausible range." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Reported ratio based on 40.7 tCO\u2082 emitted for 631,845 tCO\u2082 claimed. Project-level emissions mainly reflect monitoring. Removal used in ratio includes deduction of 18% buffer pool.", "comment": "High ratio is consistent with similar projects. Project-level emissions are well-specified and forest carbon stocks are readily calculated." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 37.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Claims 82% likelihood of permanent storage.", "comment": "Project appears to occur over 40-year period (2017-2057), with 37 years remaining from date of application, which we report that as the permanence. Physical risks are low based on location. Socioeconomic risks are significant due to the risk of default or bankruptcy on this time horizon. Land is owned by state-chartered entity in Tennessee, which may present a different contractual default risk compared to fully private parties but which is also required to conserve the land for multiple uses. See our comment on additionality." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "Counterfactual is harvest of most forest carbon over the period 2018-2021.", "comment": "By the end of 2020, 56% of total project climate benefits will have been earned via avoided harvest. Thus, the project has already committed to avoid harvest and therefore the expected carbon removal in later years is already assured. As a result, the project appears to be offering climate benefits that have already been promised to other buyers. Land is owned by a state-charted entity that is statutorily obligated to protect the land for multiple uses, of which timber is only one." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": 8.0, "units": "$/tCO\u2082", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Significant project information available from multiple public sources (Stripe Climate 2020 proposal and American Carbon Registry), although digital shapefiles could not be found." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "ifm" ], "id": "STRP021", "description": "Public access forestry at Doe Mountain.", "applicant": "Bluesource", "rating": "2", "keywords": "Doe Mountain", "methods": "Claimed volume is based both on the standing stock (in the form of avoided emissions) and future growth over an area of 3,433.83 ha over a 20 year project duration. Based on the growth assumptions provided in the project design document in the ACR registry, the total claimed volume (ignoring the buffer pool deduction) includes 487.03tCO\u2082 / ha for the initial standing stock and 5.6 tCO\u2082 / ha / yr for growth (over 20 yrs). Given the location and the species (mix of Hardwoods, Oak / Hickory, Cove forest, and Oak / Pine), we can validate against USFS yield tables. For example, growth rates range from 4.3 tCO\u2082 / ha / yr (years 70-90) to 7.3 tCO\u2082 / ha / yr (years 0-20) for Oak / Hickory in the Southeast, with a standing stock ranging from 77.1 - 351.6 tCO\u2082 / ha (for stand ages 10 - 50 yrs), and growth rates range from 3.7 tCO\u2082 / ha / yr (years 70-90) to 7.2 tCO\u2082 / ha / yr (years 0-20) for Oak / Pine in the Southeast, with a standing stock ranging from 72 - 326.3 tCO\u2082 / ha (for stand ages 10 - 50 yrs) (Smith et al., 2005). While we do not know stand ages or ranges, the provided volume numbers fall near established ranges.", "location": { "name": "Mountain City, TN, USA" }, "source": { "name": "Stripe 2020 Negative Emissions Purchase", "id": "STRP00", "date": "05-18-2020", "license": "CC-BY-4.0", "url": "https://github.com/stripe/negative-emissions-source-materials" }, "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://acr2.apx.com/mymodule/reg/prjView.asp?id1=398" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "05-18-2020", "note": "First release." }, { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "Added documentation column and changed project description to match new conventions." } ], "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Captured industrial CO\u2082 source is mineralized to create building materials. Project also reduces emissions associated with conventional concrete production.", "comment": "From a narrow lifecycle perspective, project only avoids CO\u2082 emissions because it sources CO\u2082 from a waste stream. From a broad perspective, the same technology would form a carbon removal pathway if coupled to a biogenic CO\u2082 emissions source or a direct air capture facility." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 60000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Volume reflects 200 cement production facilities using the technology. Every 1 tCO\u2082 used corresponds to 0.85 tCO\u2082 mineralized and 44.45 tCO\u2082 avoided by reducing conventional concrete production emissions from 0.26 tCO\u2082 / m3 to 0.22 tCO\u2082 / m3.", "comment": "Reporting 60000 tCO\u2082 as an estimate of current annual volume. Total volume combines utilization and avoided emissions from reducing conventional concrete production. Based on ratios provided in LCA, we infer 1126 total tCO\u2082 utilitized and 58874 tCO\u2082 avoided. Validating this breakdown would require more specific project parameters." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": 0.824, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Claims 0.85 tCO\u2082 mineralized and 0.15 tCO\u2082 emitted for every 1 tCO\u2082. Reported ratio of 0.9967 also includes an additional 44.45 tCO\u2082 in avoided emissions arising from its product replacing conventional concrete.", "comment": "For consistency, we recompute negativity only for the carbon utilization component, yielding a lower number. LCA boundary conditions are well-specified, and several third-party audits of the LCA analysis have been performed." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 1000.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "", "comment": "Successful mineralization produces reliable, effectively permanent carbon storage." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Cement will already be purchased and used separate from its carbon removal benefits. The carbon removal benefits are being offered separately, albeit for the first time for this company." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": 100.0, "units": "$/tCO\u2082", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Amount charged specifically for carbon removal is explicitly set to incentivize utilization of the product, which may already be economically favorable based on project description." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Publications on specific techology are not yet available, but references to several third-party LCAs are provided and may be available upon request." } ], "tags": [ "mineralization", "concrete" ], "id": "STRP002", "description": "Carbon reductions in concrete.", "applicant": "CarbonCure", "rating": "3", "keywords": "", "methods": "The CarbonCure process utilizes CO\u2082 for mineralization in building materials, and has at least one peer reviewed publication on the approach (Monkman & MacDonald, 2017). At least in its current deployments, the CO\u2082 is sourced from an industrial CO\u2082 waste stream (as stated in their LCA: \u201cCarbon dioxide is captured from the air from a by-product or waste stream of an industrial process.\u201d) For this reason, from a lifecycle perspective, its entire volume represents avoided emissions, not carbon removal, even though the same technology when coupled to, say, direct air capture, would constitute a carbon removal system.", "location": { "name": "North America" }, "source": { "name": "Stripe 2020 Negative Emissions Purchase", "id": "STRP00", "date": "05-18-2020", "license": "CC-BY-4.0", "url": "https://github.com/stripe/negative-emissions-source-materials" }, "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://www.carboncure.com/" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "05-18-2020", "note": "First release." }, { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "Added documentation column to match new conventions." } ], "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Drone technology accelerates reforestation to remove carbon from atmosphere for sequestration in forests.", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 31027.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Volume based on a pilot project in the Pacific Northwest, East (USFS designation). Volume stated as computed using Climate Action Reserve's Climate Forward Reforestation Forecast Methodology Version 1.0, which appears in this case to use direct projections based on USFS yield tables for Ponderosa Pine. Claim is 510 tCO\u2082 in the first year (2020), 31026 tCO\u2082 in 51 years (the project lifetime), and 64031 tCO\u2082 over 100 years.", "comment": "We independently validated against USFS yield tables, assuming Ponderosa Pine in Pacific Northwest, East and project size of 211 ha. Assumes reforestation approach works as effectively as assumed, including seedling survival rates, for which public data or publications are not yet available." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Claims 8.60 tCO\u2082 emissions for drone fleet operation and transport, all of which are incurred in the first year of the project.", "comment": "Boundary conditions are well-specified and drone-related emissions are thoroughly documented. For consistency, we recomputed negativity ratio using the 51-year project lifetime carbon removal estimate of 31,027 tCO\u2082, rather than the removal projected only in 2020." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 51.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Claims 51 years with potential economic incentives for longer durations.", "comment": "Physical risks are unknown as exact location is unknown, but could be large given coarse location in the Pacific Northwest. Socioeconomic risks are significant due to the risk of default or bankruptcy on this time horizon. In addition, because funds will be used to reforest another project, there is uncertainty as to the landowner committments and associated risks. See our comment on additionality for additional discussion." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "Counterfactual is reforesting manually or not at all.", "comment": "This project can be considered an investment in a new technology to lower the cost of reforestation, with funding likely going to future reforestation projects. As an investment in a specific quantity of carbon removal, however, there are then concerns about double-counting, as the landowner may attempt to separately monetize the same carbon benefits using a carbon offset protocol, and this pattern could repeat in future iterations." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": 8.23, "units": "$/tCO\u2082", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Prices of $500.20/tCO\u2082 were reported using only the carbon removal of 510 tCO\u2082 expected in 2020, but an estimated 31,026 tCO\u2082 will be removed over the project lifetime. For consistency, we have adjusted the reported $/tCO\u2082 to reflect the total expected benefits across the project's lifetime." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Details are provided on plan and process, but no publications or public data are available on the new technology and its performance in reforestation projects." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "reforestation" ], "id": "STRP007", "description": "Reforestation using heavy-lift drones and seed enablement.", "applicant": "Droneseed", "rating": "2", "keywords": "", "methods": "Project reports a volume of 510 tCO\u2082 in the first year (2020), 31027 tCO\u2082 of 51 years, and 64031 tCO\u2082 over 100 years for a project size of 211 ha. We report the intermediate number as 51 years is stated as the project duration. These numbers exactly match the values in USFS yield tables assuming Ponderosa Pine in the Pacific Northwest, East region and starting from a stand age of 0 (Smith et al., 2005). Given that this is previously burned land and thus will primarily involve new forest growth, using these numbers directly is appropriate and we consider the claimed volume validated.", "location": { "name": "WA, USA" }, "source": { "name": "Stripe 2020 Negative Emissions Purchase", "id": "STRP00", "date": "05-18-2020", "license": "CC-BY-4.0", "url": "https://github.com/stripe/negative-emissions-source-materials" }, "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://www.droneseed.com/" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "05-18-2020", "note": "First release." }, { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "Added documentation column to match new conventions." } ], "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Facilitates atmospheric carbon removal by extending time between forest harvests, avoiding emissions due to harvests and sequestering additional carbon in forests and forest products.", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 15000000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Volume extrapolated from a pilot implementation in 6 counties in Pennsylvania. Projects in 2020 will be sourced from 11 southern US states. Supply will be allocated via an auction.", "comment": "Volume will be relatively straightforward to confirm via stocking estimates as a result of the 1 year project duration. Plausibility of large total volume depends on the number of particpants." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": 0.999, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Emissions estimates based solely on the operations of the small office team that will run the program and a field team that periodically verify project conditions.", "comment": "No reason to consider additional emissions given program design." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 1.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Claims that carbon removal from a one-year contract can last up to 10 years as a result of supply chain effects in the timber industry.", "comment": "Because SilviaTerra uses an annual contracting model, we report 1 year." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "Counterfactual is active forest product harvest.", "comment": "By shifting to a ton-year accounting framework, SilviaTerra intends to avoid additionality concerns by measuring actual carbon stored each year. However, other factors, such as exogenous shifts in timber markets, can still affect additionality considerations with respect to forest harvest decisions. Proprietary methods for measurement and verification against field plots are not yet available." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": 15.0, "units": "$/tCO\u2082-year", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "SilviaTerra uses a ton-year accounting that reflects the cost per tCO\u2082 stored per year. Thus, assuming constant price, a contract to store 1 tCO\u2082 for 1 year at $15/tCO\u2082-year would cost $15 and a contract to store 1 tCO\u2082 for 100 years would cost $1,500." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Reasonably thorough description of program design. Details on specific projects or methods for project quantification or selection are not yet publicly available." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "ifm" ], "id": "STRP012", "description": "Forest carbon rental markets.", "applicant": "SilviaTerra", "rating": "3", "keywords": "", "methods": "This project is based on a novel forest carbon \u201crental\u201d scheme which has been proposed in the economic literature (Sohngen & Mendelsohn, 2003) but not yet implemented. In the scheme, forest owners are paid to delay harvests by 1 year. A pilot was deployed in 2019 in Pennsylvania spanning 6 counties for 300000 tCO\u2082-years, and the proposal is to expand this approach to 11 states in the US south, mainly involving pine forests. The plausibility of the volume depends on the details of implementation, which were not provided. Project refers to remote sensing based methods for validating both stocks (which should be straightforward) and a highly-detailed, acre-by-acre analysis of business as usual, and intentions to open these methods for public review, which would be welcome and enable further validation of this approach.", "location": { "name": "Southern USA" }, "source": { "name": "Stripe 2020 Negative Emissions Purchase", "id": "STRP00", "date": "05-18-2020", "license": "CC-BY-4.0", "url": "https://github.com/stripe/negative-emissions-source-materials" }, "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://www.silviaterra.com/" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "05-18-2020", "note": "First release." }, { "date": "11-25-2020", "note": "Fixed typo." }, { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "Added documentation column to match new conventions." } ], "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Avoids emissions from decomposing biomass and sequesters carbon in wood and paper-based blown fiber used for insulation.", "comment": "From a narrow lifecycle perspective, project only avoids biogenic CO\u2082 emissions. From a broad perspective, the same mechanism forms a carbon removal pathway when coupled to biomass production." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 21847.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Volume sourced from multiple facilities across Finland. Project is based on the Puro platform.", "comment": "Carbon content of insulation products well-characterized. Volume appears plausible assuming the given procurement. Further validation of volume would require comparison against likely decay rates of the feedstock." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": 0.935, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Reported ratio based on 0.087 tCO\u2082 emissions for 1.34 tCO\u2082 stored. Includes raw materials through production stage. Excludes transport of finished materials and construction-related emissions.", "comment": "Analysis performed by third-party with public details, as required by Puro. Boundary conditions generally well-specified and LCA components detailed and referenced." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 50.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Claims 50 to 400 years.", "comment": "Wood carbon stored in building materials is likely more durable than in forests, but less is known about the specific blown loose wool materials described here. We report 50 as the minimum of the claimed range, but are unable to validate the duration with confidence." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Existing industry has been in production since the 1980s, so the production of insulation does not seem contingent on carbon incentives." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": 21.5, "units": "$/tCO\u2082", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Public documentation on LCA is available with third-party analysis as required by Puro, but few public details on manufacturing process." } ], "tags": [ "biomass", "insulation" ], "id": "STRP016", "description": "Net-negative insulation and wood products.", "applicant": "Ekovilla", "rating": "2", "keywords": "", "methods": "Regarding the life cycle analysis, similar to other building material projects, the analysis begins with sourcing the feedstock, but given that in this case the a significant component of the feedstock is itself a derived product (paper), emissions associated with its production should be included. While this may not significantly affect the resulting negativity, it remains an unknown, leaving questions as to the total value.\n\nRegarding the permanence of these building materials, while there is existing literature on the duration of stage in traditional wood products (Hepburn et al., 2019, Lippke et al., 2011), less can be said with confidence about the blown loose wool materials produced by Ekovilla. While it is likely still longer in duration than the corresponding feedstock, we are less confident validating the claimed duration of 50 years.\n", "location": { "name": "Kouvola, Finland" }, "source": { "name": "Stripe 2020 Negative Emissions Purchase", "id": "STRP00", "date": "05-18-2020", "license": "CC-BY-4.0", "url": "https://github.com/stripe/negative-emissions-source-materials" }, "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://puro.earth/ekovilla/" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "05-18-2020", "note": "First release." }, { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "Added documentation column to match new conventions. Updated volume validation to reflect new understanding about biomass-based project volumes being defined in comparison to the counterfactual feedstock decay rates. Negativity validation retconned based on re-consideration of appropriate LCA boundaries." } ], "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Projects avoids emissions by avoiding forest loss and removes atmospheric carbon for sequestration in forests and forest products.", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 165850.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Volume is the total of two exemplar projects, Rip's Redwoods and Guanare. The Pachama platform offers a larger portfolio of projects, but they are not considered here.", "comment": "Claimed sequestration rates of 16 and 26 tCO\u2082 / ha / yr for Rip's Redwoods and Guanare, respectively, are on the high end of published literature. Additional details on project (e.g. stand ages) and more information on proprietary quantification methods would be useful for validating volume." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": 0.19, "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Claims a range of 0.19 to 0.59 across exemplar projects.", "comment": "Self-reported value appears unreasonably low, but not enough data is provided for validation. We report the lowest, most conservative ratio. Based on project type, however, we would expect a much higher ratio." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 46.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Claims 60 years from 2006 for Guanare and 100 years from 2013 for Rip's Redwoods.", "comment": "We report the minimum across the estimated permanence for the underlying projects (46 and 97), relative to the year of the proposal (2020). Physical risks (mainly wildfire) are mixed, with higher risk for Guanare, and low to moderate risk for Rip's Redwoods. Socioeconomic risks are significant due to the risk of default or bankruptcy on this time horizon." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "Counterfactual scenarios specified for both projects.", "comment": "Guanare project began in 2006, and thus future carbon removals are already assured under these historical land management practices. Rip's Redwood project already credited for standing carbon stock above regional baseline, which indicates a promise not to harvest normally and therefore raises questions about the additionality of ongoing carbon removal credits." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": 8.0, "units": "$/tCO\u2082", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Basic project characteristics are described in detail." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "reforestation" ], "id": "STRP008", "description": "Reforestation with verification and monitoring in Rip's Redwoods and Guanare.", "applicant": "Pachama", "rating": "1", "keywords": "Rip's Redwoods, Guanare", "methods": "Project directly reports rates of 16 tCO\u2082 / ha / yr for the Rip\u2019s Redwoods development, and 26 tCO\u2082 / ha / yr for Guanare. The total volume estimates are then based on these rates projected over the project durations of 60 and 100 years for the two projects, respectively. The Rip\u2019s Redwoods appears to be a mix of Douglas Fir and Coastal Redwoods. Values in USFS yield tables for Douglas Fir in the Pacific Northwest are as high as 11.56 tCO\u2082 / ha / yr over a 20 year period (Smith et al., 2005), so the reported rate is very high but not implausible. A more accurate estimate would incorporate stand age, which was not provided, so as to better estimate current growth rates. The Guanare project appears to include mainly eucalyptus, which has published growth rates of 5.02 to 27.65 tCO\u2082 / ha / yr over an initial 3 years of growth (Ahimana & Maghembe, 1987), so the reported rate is again high but not implausible, but validation would require incorporating stand age.\n\nIn both cases, validation of volume estimates would benefit either from additional information on projects, or open sourcing some of the proprietary remote sensing based methods and datasets the project uses. While existing literature using remote sensing for estimating forest carbon stocks is established, and some of it is referenced, this is a complex topic that would benefit from more public data and reproducible methods.\n\nIn terms of permanence risk, we have not specifically analyzed fire risk for the Guanare project but it is stated by the project as high. Risk for Rip\u2019s Redwoods, given its ecoregion, is likely low to moderate (Anderegg et al., in publication), and we will soon provide more specific estimates of this risk, alongside risks related to drought and insects. Questions around permanece on the provided time horizon have more to do with socioeconomic risks such as default or bankruptcy.\n", "location": { "name": "Uruguay & CA, USA" }, "source": { "name": "Stripe 2020 Negative Emissions Purchase", "id": "STRP00", "date": "05-18-2020", "license": "CC-BY-4.0", "url": "https://github.com/stripe/negative-emissions-source-materials" }, "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://pachama.com/explorer/projects" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "05-18-2020", "note": "First release." }, { "date": "11-25-2020", "note": "Fixed ungrammatical sentence." }, { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "Added documentation column and changed project description to match new conventions." } ], "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project uses wave power to enhance weathering of olivine spread on beaches. Olivine weathering primarily results in ocean alkalization, which removes carbon from the atmosphere.", "comment": "Some uncertainty around whether final form of carbon is dissolved bicarbonate or carbonate precipitates." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 200.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Volume projected based on total crushed olivine supply to pilot project site.", "comment": "Assuming the stated ratio of 1.25 tCO\u2082 removed per 1 tCO\u2082 of olivine, we infer 160 t of olivine will be procured. That ratio likely an upper bound, and in genreal some uncertainty remains around the actual volume of carbon removal that is likely with this approach, requiring further work to validate." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": 0.961, "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Reported ratio based on 0.049 tCO\u2082 for 1.25 tCO\u2082 removed, including energy for mining, milling, and transport. Higher negativity ratio than other mineralization projects is due to using wave energy to displace secondary and tertiary grinding of olivine to small particles needed for carbon removal.", "comment": "Boundary conditions well-specified and references documented. Project emissions are well-characterzied, but reported number depends on the successful use of waves for secondary and tertiary grinding, and on the claimed ratio of 1.25 tCO\u2082 removed for 1 t of olivine, which is an upper bound. Thus, while the estimate is plausible, uncertainty in Volume drives uncertainty in Negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 1000.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Claims 100k - 100M years.", "comment": "Successful mineralization produces reliable, effectively permanent carbon storage." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Project would only be pursued for carbon removal purposes. No intrinsic commerical value." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": 50.0, "units": "$/tCO\u2082", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Project details provided in public proposal with several public white papers and references. Further detail could be provided in the future through public data on pilot deployments." } ], "tags": [ "mineralization", "ocean" ], "id": "STRP023", "description": "Accelerating olivine weathering with wave power for CO\u2082 removal.", "applicant": "Project Vesta", "rating": "3", "keywords": "", "methods": "Reported volume is based on an assumption of 1.25 tCO\u2082 removed per 1 tCO\u2082 of olivine added to the ocean. If 160 t of olivine were procured, and assuming that ratio, a volume of 200 tCO\u2082 would be achieved.\n\nThe ratio of 1.25 is an upper bound on the realizable ratio. First, significant uncertainty remains around the timescale and extent of olivine cation dissociation in ocean environments, and many factors could reduce yield. Second, in general, for olivine weathering in ocean water, the ratio will depend on 1) the proportion of magnesium to iron in the olivine, 2) the equilibrium ratio of bicarbonates to carbonates in seawater, which itself depends on atmospheric pCO\u2082 and local alkalinity, and 3) the final state of the stored carbon. If the proportion of magnesium to iron is 1:0 then we calculate the molar mass of olivine of 140.7 g/mol (the molar mass of Mg\u2082SiO4). Only if all the ingassed CO\u2082 is stored as bicarbonate ions, 1 mole of olivine results in 4 moles of captured carbon, which yields a ratio of 4 \\* 44 g/mol CO\u2082 / 140.7 g/mol Mg-olivine = 1.25, the ratio provided in the proposal.\n\nHowever, using a more realistic ratio of magnesium to iron of 0.94:0.06 (Montserrat et al., 2017) gives a molar mass of olivine of 0.94 x 140.7 g/mol Mg-olivine + 0.06 \\* 203.8 g/mol Fe-olivine = 144.49 g/mol. And when using a more realistic bicarbonate to carbonate mole ratio, adding 1 mole of Mg adds between 1.4 and 1.7 moles of carbon (Section 2.3, Renforth & Henderson, 2017), giving a total ratio of about 3.1 x 44 g/mol CO\u2082 / 144.49 g/mol olivine = 0.944. In the limiting case where dissolution of olivine directly drives precipitation of carbonate minerals, the ratio could be as low as 2 x 44 g/mol CO\u2082 / 144.49 g/mol olivine = 0.61, but this limit is unlikely to be reached given precipitation timescales and alkalinity levels.\n\nFor the life cycle analysis, the lower ratio would also translate to a lower negativity, holding all other variables constant. A ratio of 0.944, for example, would yield a negativity of 1 - 0.049/0.944 = 0.948.\n\nThus, while plausible, the reported numbers reflect an upper bound, so we consider them with some uncertainty pending future experiments and data.\n", "location": { "name": "Caribbean" }, "source": { "name": "Stripe 2020 Negative Emissions Purchase", "id": "STRP00", "date": "05-18-2020", "license": "CC-BY-4.0", "url": "https://github.com/stripe/negative-emissions-source-materials" }, "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://www.projectvesta.org/" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "05-18-2020", "note": "First release." }, { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "Added documentation column to match new conventions." } ], "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project uses bio-oil converted from biomass via fast pyrolysism and then pumped into an underground waste disposal well for geological storage.", "comment": "Both components of the process are well established, and their combination has been proposed but not yet performed. Project claims bio-oil purchased is in excess capacity from supplier, and that the source sawdust would have otherwise decomposed. From a narrow lifecycle perspective, the project avoids CO\u2082 emissions because the source sawdust from which the bio-oil was procured would have decomposed, resulting in biogenic CO\u2082 emissions. From a broad perspective, coupling biomass production, bio-oil production, and underground injection forms a carbon removal pathway. Geological sequestration capacity could become a constraint at larger scales." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 10000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Volume based on the amount of bio-oil that will be procured for injection. Bio-oil production is stated as a limiting factor.", "comment": "Given the stated ratio of 1.55 tCO\u2082 for 1 t of bio-oil, we infer 6452 t of bio-oil will be procured. Assuming that amount is procured, the volume is plausible." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": 0.773, "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Reported ratio based on 0.35 tCO\u2082 emitted for 1.55 tCO\u2082 sequestered, including emissions due to bio-oil production, transporation to well, and injection.", "comment": "Comprehensive LCA is pending analysis via independent consultant. Boundary conditions for process are well-specified and numbers derived from plausible, though approximate, sources." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 1000.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Claims 300M based on permanence of existing crude oil in the same geological formation (Permian Basin).", "comment": "Successful geological injection produces reliable, effectively permanent carbon storage." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Project claims bio-oil is purchased from supplier\u2019s unused, excess capacity, so would not have been used as a fossil fuel replacement. Project also claims that the source sawdust would have otherwise decomposed and would not have been used as a fossil fuel replacement. The high cost for the pilot project and the lack of inherent commercial value provide evidence of additionality. Some possibility that at larger scales bio-oil procurement would result in future expanded bio-oil production or that the future acquisition of biological feedstocks would compete with fossil fuel displacement." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": 600.0, "units": "$/tCO\u2082", "rating": "", "notes": "Prices based on bio-oil procurement (72%), transport (18%), and injection (10%)", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Project specifies process and plan in detail, and both the process components and their combination are based on existing demonstrations and published literature. Further detail could be provided in the future through public data on pilot deployments." } ], "tags": [ "biomass", "injection" ], "id": "STRP024", "description": "Geological sequestration of bio-oil.", "applicant": "Charm Industrial", "rating": "4", "keywords": "", "methods": "This project is a proposal to combine two existing components, fast pyrolysis for converting biomass to bio-oil, and underground waste injection of the bio-oil for permanent storage. The current project plans to source the bio-oil from an existing source and demonstrate geological sequestration in Class I injection wells, in North America and Europe. The underlying component technologies are well established, and two papers are referenced that present theoretical analysis of the potential for combining them (Schmidt et al., 2019; Werner et al., 2018). We consider the volume validated as it is simply a function of the planned bio-oil procurement. Specifically, given the stated ratio of 1.55 tCO\u2082 for every 1 t of bio-oil (which corresponds to 42% C content for the bio-oil), we infer that 6452 t bio-oil will be procured.\n\nA minor clarification on negativity is that the project estimates 1.53 tCO\u2082 removed and 0.347 tCO\u2082 of process emissions, yielding a ratio of 1 - 0.347 / 1.53 = 0.773. They however report a ratio of 1 - 0.28 = 0.72 , likely because they took a different ratio. We report our recomputed number for consistency.", "location": { "name": "CA, USA" }, "source": { "name": "Stripe 2020 Negative Emissions Purchase", "id": "STRP00", "date": "05-18-2020", "license": "CC-BY-4.0", "url": "https://github.com/stripe/negative-emissions-source-materials" }, "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://charmindustrial.com/" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "05-18-2020", "note": "First release." }, { "date": "05-30-2020", "note": "Updated comment on mechanism, and updated comment and increased score on additionality, after project developer identified a mistake in how the report described information about the counterfactual." }, { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "Added documentation column to match new conventions." } ], "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Removes carbon from the atmosphere using a solid chemical sorbent. Captured carbon dioxide is geologically sequestered in mineral form.", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 50.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Volume based on the annual capacity of a pilot plant in Iceland commissioned in October 2017. Larger-scale plants are under construction that may offer more volume.", "comment": "Scale of volume is commensurate with published sorbent technology. Technology can be deployed on a modular basis." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": 0.9, "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Claims total emissions are 0.1 tCO\u2082 for every 1 tCO\u2082 removed.", "comment": "Detailed assessment in collaboration with research group is pending publication. Low ratio likely depends on availability of low-carbon energy in Iceland." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 1000.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "", "comment": "Successful mineralization produces reliable, effectively permanent carbon storage." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "The only reason to implement a project like this is to generate climate benefits. New investments may relate to future deployments rather than current procurements." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": 767.5, "units": "$/tCO\u2082", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Reported value is the average of the range $735-800." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Basic technology is well understood through both demonstrations and published literature. Publications on LCA are pending. Publications or public datasets on specific approaches are not yet available." } ], "tags": [ "dac", "mineralization" ], "id": "STRP001", "description": "Direct air capture and mineralization.", "applicant": "Climeworks", "rating": "4", "keywords": "", "methods": "The project combines direct air capture via a solid chemical sorbent and thermal swing, with geological sequestration in mineral form via injection into basaltic rock using the published CarbFix method (Gunnarsson et al., 2018; Sn\u00e6bj\u00f6rnsd\u00f3ttir et al., 2020). The reported volume of 50 tCO\u2082 / yr is based on a small pilot plant in Iceland commissioned in 2017. We used a back of the envelope calculation to evaluate the plausibility of this number. ClimeWorks claims they use amine sorbents. Assuming an adsorption capacity of 2 mmol CO\u2082 / g (Sanz-Pe\u0155ez et al., 2016), a range of 4-6 cycles per day, and a range of 200-500 kg or sorbent for the pilot plant, yields sequestration volumes of approximately 25-70t CO\u2082 / yr, making the estimate highly plausible.", "location": { "name": "Iceland" }, "source": { "name": "Stripe 2020 Negative Emissions Purchase", "id": "STRP00", "date": "05-18-2020", "license": "CC-BY-4.0", "url": "https://github.com/stripe/negative-emissions-source-materials" }, "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://climeworks.com/?gclid=CjwKCAiAsOmABhAwEiwAEBR0ZuKCUY_PYVVfUxdCZAouyGr1H8eRIqPSxWG7-VNxqQLX5Uf9WhNvRRoCijIQAvD_BwE" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "05-18-2020", "note": "First release." }, { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "Added documentation column to match new conventions." } ], "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Broker facilitates atmospheric carbon removal by providing an incentive to adopt agricultural practices that increase carbon sequestration in soils.", "comment": "Multiple established soil carbon removal pathways exist, including five referenced in the Nori Croplands methodology (Section 2.3 of Version 1.1). According to independent verification by Aster Global, Inc. available on Nori's website, this specific project is practicing no till and planting directly into a living winter cover crop." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 14011.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Volume based on a single supplier, Harborview Farms, which includes 27 plots totaling 14011 tCO\u2082. Volumes calculated using USDA COMET-Farm model, using project-level data collected by Nori. The Nori platform offers a larger portfolio of projects, but they are not considered here.", "comment": "Project locations are specified and COMET-Farm is a publicly available tool. Validating volume further would require knowing model parameters used, having more complete plot details, and knowing more about project duration." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "No data provided, but high likelihood it will vary across projects. Claimed guarantee that negativity will be greater than 0.", "comment": "Emissions information ought to be available in the COMET-Farm model outputs, but cannot be reproduced as model parameters are not available." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 10.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Mentions that projects may continue to store carbon beyond the contract horizon.", "comment": "Soil carbon storage can last for decades or more, but it can also be reversed by changes to land use or management practices. Nori requires a 10-year contractual commitment from its projects, which is a reasonable timeframe given bankruptcy and default risks. We report the minimum of the contractual agreement and the biogeophysical claim." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Changes to land management practices not specified. Significant co-benefits to land managers claimed alongside climate benefits offered for sale. The Nori Croplands methodology requires additionality, but does not specify how it is determined how to independently identify or validate additionality claims." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": 16.5, "units": "$/tCO\u2082", "rating": "", "notes": "Set by the supplier and includes a 10% fee to Nori as broker.", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Several project details (e.g. plot locations) are available. Volume and LCA methods are based on the public and published COMET-Farm model. Specific parameters used for model are not public, limiting ability for independent analysis and quantification." } ], "tags": [ "soil", "farming" ], "id": "STRP003", "description": "Increasing soil carbon sequestration and soil health at Harborview Farms.", "applicant": "Nori", "rating": "2", "keywords": "Harborview Farms", "methods": "Validating the claimed 14011 tCO\u2082 volume for this project is difficult due to having partial information. Nori provides on its project page the locations and NRTs (claimed sequestered volumes) associated with each plot. Nori specifies in its Croplands Methodology v1.1 a range of possible practices that farmers might adopt to increase soil carbon sequestration, including \u201cchanging or expanding crop rotations and cropping intensity, introducing cover crops and/or shifting from annuals to perennials, reducing tillage events and intensity and/or adopting new residue management techniques, adopting new irrigation management techniques, or substituting synthetic fertilizers with organic matter additions\u201d.\n\nBased on independent verification by Aster Global, Inc. provided on the Nori [project website](https://nori.com/verification/VmVyaWZpZXJKb2JSZXBvcnQ6NTcxMDk1NzAzNjY5OTY0OA==), this specific project is \"practicing no till and is using the regenerative agriculture practice of planting the crop directly into the living winter cover crop\". Even knowing these methods, sequestration rates are likely to be highly variable and challenging to quantify (Smith et al., 2019; Sanderman & Baldrock, 2010). Nori provides a range of 0.5 to 7.4 tCO\u2082 / ha / yr as plausible across a range of practices in its Croplands Methodology. Examples in the literature fall within that range, though are generally on the lower end, e.g. 1.17 \u00b1 0.29 tCO\u2082 / ha / yr for cover cropping (Poeplau & Don, 2011), 0.92 \u00b1 0.78 tCO\u2082 / ha / yr for several practices including conversion from conventional tillage to no tillage (Sanderman & Baldrock, 2010), and 1.43 tCO\u2082 / ha / yr for using no tillage (Sperow, 2015).\n\nTo contextualize the project within this range, we inspected a subset of four plots. While shape files were not directly available, we used a [web tool](https://www.mapdevelopers.com/area_finder.php) to approximately estimate four plot areas (Crewe II-1, Colchester 12, Ernies, Elder 1234), and then used the reported sequestration volumes to estimate rates of 6-11 tCO\u2082 / ha / yr. These would be rather high if meant to reflect 1 year, but Nori\u2019s methodology suggests that this may be a pilot project, in which the claims credits reflect multiple years of sequestration and far more clearly within a plausible range. Thus, we remain uncertain as to the claimed volumes.\n", "location": { "name": "USA" }, "source": { "name": "Stripe 2020 Negative Emissions Purchase", "id": "STRP00", "date": "05-18-2020", "license": "CC-BY-4.0", "url": "https://github.com/stripe/negative-emissions-source-materials" }, "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://nori.com/supplier/1" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "05-18-2020", "note": "First release." }, { "date": "05-20-2020", "note": "Updated mechanism validation based on notes from project website." }, { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "Added documentation column and changed description to match new conventions." } ], "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Avoids emissions from decomposing biomass resources and transforms them into long-lived biochar materials.", "comment": "From a narrow lifecycle perspective, project only avoids biogenic CO\u2082 emissions. More broadly, the same mechanism forms a carbon removal pathway when coupled to biomass production." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 56.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Demonstration project in California's central valley, converting walnut shell waste into biochar.", "comment": "Volume is based on producing 16.89 t of biochar with at least 85% C by mass. For consistency with other biochar projects, volume is decreased by 10% because permanence assumes the duration over which 90% of volume will remain. Further validation of volume would require knowing the decay rates of the feedstock." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": 0.965, "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Biogenic CO\u2082 emissions are excluded from ratio.", "comment": "Boundary conditions are well-specified and process described. Full LCA is pending several additional details." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 568.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Claims 100 years or more.", "comment": "Using the reported O:C ratio of 0.08 and a simple published model we estimate 568 years as an approximate duration during which 90% of biochar C remains. This should be considered approximate, as permanence is only weakly correlated with composition, and likely depends on the storage environment and other factors." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "Counterfactual is dumping walnut shells on ground or burning in biomass electricity plant.", "comment": "Feedstock is walnut shells that are otherwise dumped on the ground or on roads, e.g. for dust reduction purposes. Further analysis would require knowing competing uses for feedstock." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": 1000.0, "units": "$/tCO\u2082", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Reasonable details are provided on project specifics. Additional documentaiton on LCA and other certification may be available upon request." } ], "tags": [ "biomass", "biochar" ], "id": "STRP006", "description": "Turning woody biomass waste into biochar.", "applicant": "Carbo Culture", "rating": "2", "keywords": "", "methods": "The reported volume is 62 tCO\u2082. Given the stated C fraction of 85%, this corresponds to a C volume of 16.89 tC. To validate volume and permanence, we use a simple decay model based on Campbell et al. (2019) and data reviewed in Spokas (2010) (see [Jupyter notebook](https://github.com/carbonplan/notebooks/tree/master/biochar) for details). The stated composition ratio of O:C of 0.08 corresponds conservatively to a half life of 3734 years. Assuming a first order exponential decay with a half life of 3734 yields a decay constant of k = log(2) / 3734. 90% of the biochar volume will remain in 568 years via the equation -log(0.9)/k, so consistent with biochar projects, we express the permanence as 568 years, and the volume as 90% of 62, or 55.80 tCO\u2082. This should be considered approximate, as permanence is only weakly correlated with composition, and likely depends as much or more so on the decay environment (Campbell et al., 2019). Further analysis of the volume would require knowing the decay rate of the feedstock for comparison.\n\nWe were unable to extend the 90% correction on volume to the calculation of negativity, as the negativity was provided directly as a ratio, and while several components and emissions were listed, the relationship between the ratio and the components was not clear to us, so we could not re-express the ratio in terms of the underlying volumes.\n", "location": { "name": "Central Valley, CA, USA" }, "source": { "name": "Stripe 2020 Negative Emissions Purchase", "id": "STRP00", "date": "05-18-2020", "license": "CC-BY-4.0", "url": "https://github.com/stripe/negative-emissions-source-materials" }, "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://www.carboculture.com/" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "05-18-2020", "note": "First release." }, { "date": "02-18-2021", "note": "Added documentation column to match new conventions. Updated permanence estimation to reflect new, standardized initialization for fitting the biochar decay model." } ], "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Removes carbon from atmosphere via sequestration in phytoplankton and transport of phytoplankton biomass to deep ocean.", "comment": "Novel early-stage technology with pilot demonstrations in progress. Dissolved carbon storage in deep oceans raises potential long-term carbon cycle and ocean acidification questions." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 693.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Demonstration project to be deployed offshore California or Hawaii. Project volume based on expected carbon removal over 5 years.", "comment": "Difficult to assess volume due to early stage of technology." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": 0.995, "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Reported ratio based on project materials, transportation, and business overhead, totaling 3.6854 tCO\u2082 of emissions for 697 tCO\u2082 removed.", "comment": "Project emissions specified in detail, but difficult to validate because technology is early-stage and experimental." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 1000.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Claims a maximum of 5000, but with unknown reductions due to the potential for outgassing.", "comment": "Carbon dioxide removed to lower ocean depths can be stable for millennia, but may affect ocean acidity and be exposed to surface-atmosphere interactions. Unlike geologic storage this stock has an implied end date for effectiveness, albeit a potentially very distant one." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "The only reason to implement a project like this is to generate climate benefits, and no such projects are operating today." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": 336.07, "units": "$/tCO\u2082", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Reasonably thorough description of technology with references. Specific publications or public data on demonstration projects not available." } ], "tags": [ "ocean", "phytoplankton" ], "id": "STRP009", "description": "Wave-powered upwelling/downwelling for carbon\u200b sequestration.", "applicant": "Ocean-based Climate Solutions", "rating": "1", "keywords": "", "methods": "This proposal describes an experimental technology that uses ocean wave energy to upwell seawater from 500m to trigger phytoplankton blooms and absorb dissolved CO\u200b2, followed by downwelling to 600m or below. This fits within a broader category of ocean fertilization strategies, which remain unproven with respect to efficacy and monitoring, and are somewhat controversial due to poorly understood potential risks (Williamson et al., 2012). A prototype of the specific proposed method was developed in 2018. Planned measurement is based on deploying biogeochemical (BGC) ARGO robotic float (Bittig et al., 2019) for every 18 pumps. Technology is clearly still early-stage, with key measurements pending and a model simulation unpublished. As such, it is difficult to validate along our metrics, but further information and data needed about the approach would be useful.\n", "location": { "name": "Pacific Ocean (near CA)" }, "source": { "name": "Stripe 2020 Negative Emissions Purchase", "id": "STRP00", "date": "05-18-2020", "license": "CC-BY-4.0", "url": "https://github.com/stripe/negative-emissions-source-materials" }, "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://www.ocean-based.com/" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "05-18-2020", "note": "First release." }, { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "Added documentation column to match new conventions." } ], "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project leverages rainwater to weather ground olivine spread on land. Depending on sediment transfer, olivine weathering can result in alkalization of runoff and/or formation of carbonate precipitates, both of which remove carbon from the atmosphere.", "comment": "Not known over relavant time scales whether final form of carbon is carbonate precipitates or dissolved bicarbonate." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 1000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Timeframe over which expected volume of carbon reductions occurs is not stated.", "comment": "Few details available on specific deployment plan. Based on public details from other deployments on project website, expected weathering for all GreenSand deposits since 2007 totals 306 tCO\u2082. Given the $/tCO\u2082 cost of project, it is likely that the claimed volume is over a longer time horizon than a single year." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": 0.74, "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Reported ratio for exemplar project based on 2,880 tCO\u2082 removed, 750 tCO\u2082 emitted. LCA also references 509 tCO\u2082 avoided, but avoided emissions are otherwise not considered as part of the project description.", "comment": "For consistency, we recompute negativity only for the carbon removal component, yielding a lower number. Detailed analysis only available for one exemplar project, so we are uncertain about the full project portfolio and the specific proposal we analyzed." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 1000.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "", "comment": "Successful mineralization produces reliable, effectively permanent carbon storage." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "Counterfactual is using alternative rocks without carbon removal benefits, at least when olivine is purchased for use as gravel.", "comment": "Olivine can be purchased and used separate from its carbon removal benefits, but can also be purchased separately only for carbon removal." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": 35.0, "units": "$/tCO\u2082", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Basic technology is reasonably well-described in the published literature. Several project details (including locations and durations) are publicly available." } ], "tags": [ "mineralization", "olivine" ], "id": "STRP011", "description": "CO\u2082 removal with olivine.", "applicant": "GreenSand", "rating": "2", "keywords": "", "methods": "A challenge validating this project proposal is that the weathering time scale and exact material procurement underlying the claimed volume are not entirely clear. Based on public details from other deployments on the [project website](https://www.greensand.nl/nieuws), the expected carbon removed in 2020 from weathering for all GreenSand deposits deployed since 2007 totals 361 tCO\u2082, which comes from (2756 tCO\u2082 cumulatively removed by 2020) - (2395 tCO\u2082 cumulatively removed by 2019). It is not clear whether the claimed volume of 1000 tCO\u2082 reflects the carbon removal expected in one year based on 1) previous deployments that will remove the stated amount in 2020 due to ongoing weathering (which would be at odds with public website information), 2) based on a additional deployment, which would have to be large (potentially tens to hundreds of thousands of tons of olivine), or 3) an amount expected over some unspecified time horizon beyond one year. Further information would be required to validate the given estimate.\n\nIn general, the expected volume of carbon removal for olivine depends on the ratio of magnesium to iron, and whether weathering results in alkalization of runoff and/or formation of carbonate precipitates. The ratio of tCO\u2082 removed per t of olivine can range from 0.61 (assuming 94% magnesium and only precipitation of carbonate minerals) to 1.25 (assuming 100% magnesium and all dissolved bicarbonates) (Montserrat et al., 2017; Renforth & Henderson, 2017). The life cycle analysis references a ratio of 0.75 apparently in regards to this quantity, which falls within a plausible range. But again, without knowing the assumed time scale or the actual volume of olivine procured, we have difficulty validating the reported volume.\n", "location": { "name": "Netherlands" }, "source": { "name": "Stripe 2020 Negative Emissions Purchase", "id": "STRP00", "date": "05-18-2020", "license": "CC-BY-4.0", "url": "https://github.com/stripe/negative-emissions-source-materials" }, "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://www.greensand.nl/" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "05-18-2020", "note": "First release." }, { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "Added documentation column to match new conventions." } ], "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project integrates tree crops and grazing livestock as silvopasture systems, to sequester carbon in both soil and aboveground biomass.", "comment": "Planting of chestnut trees is clearly specified. Other practices that will be used to enhance soil carbon are are less clear." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 56.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Volume estimated from calculations using USDA COMET-Planner model (56 tCO\u2082). A higher volume was also provided in parallel using Eric Toensmeier's The Carbon Farming Solution (140 tCO\u2082). Project has 3.2 current ha and intends to add 4.9 ha.", "comment": "We report the lower value offered because it is based on a method that includes a broader range of lifecycle emissions and because the project used the lower volume number to calculate project costs. While COMET-Farm is a publicly available tool, validating volume would require knowing model parameters used. Overall rate of 11.4 tCO\u2082 / ha / yr is high if only including above ground biomass, but may be plausible given broader considerations." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": 0.982, "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Reported ratio based on emissions from on-site tractor use and employee transportation, totaling 1.04 tCO\u2082 for 56 tCO\u2082 removed.", "comment": "Calculation of tractor and transportation emissions appear reasonable. Project ratio is consistent with other reforestation projects, but lifecycle boundaries are not explicit. Specifically, no detail provided on methane emissions from livestock expansion and/or any soil carbon benefits." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 30.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Claims 30 to 100 years.", "comment": "We report 30 as the minimum of the claimed range. Physical risks are low based on location. Socioeconomic risks are significant due to the risk of default or bankruptcy on this time horizon, but could be mitigated if the project buys and restricts its lands instead of leasing them." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "No specific analysis available." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": 4.14, "units": "$/tCO\u2082", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Rather than use the reported price of $100, for consistency with other forest projects, we estimate a price over the 30 year project lifetime using the provided rate of $1416.43 / ha and the information on provide size and volume." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Methods publicly described and shapefiles for locations provided. Model parameters for COMET-Planner and life cycle boundaries are not yet available." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "agroforestry" ], "id": "STRP013", "description": "Conversion of annual cropland to sheep/chestnut silvopasture.", "applicant": "Breadtree Farms", "rating": "1", "keywords": "", "methods": "Project claims a range of 56 tCO\u2082 to 140 tCO\u2082 in the first year over the 4.9 ha they are adding to the project, reflecting both the planting of new chestnut trees and changes to grazing practices to increase soil carbon sequestration. While this estimate is based on 1 year, one could potentially extrapolate to a volume of 1680 tCO\u2082 for the 30 year duration of the problem. The low end estimate is based on COMET-Farms and the high end estimate is based on Eric Toensmeier's The Carbon Farming Solution. The low end volume would correspond to a carbon accrual rate of 11.42 tCO\u2082 / ha / year. As points of comparison from similar forest type groups, afforestation rates from USFS yield tables for live tree carbon stocks are 5.43 tCO\u2082 / ha / yr for Maple / Beech / Birch in the Northeast and 5.06 tCO\u2082 / ha / yr for Oak / Hickory in the Northeast (Smith et al., 2005) (annual rate based first 5 yr of growth). The provided volume number thus appears high if it only reflects above ground biomass. However, a range of farming practices are planned, including changes to grazing practices, and the claimed volume also likely includes soil carbon sequestration related to these changes in practice. COMET-Farms was used for these estimates, but we are unable to validate how it was used or parameterized. This uncertainty is further reflected in our uncertainty in the life cycle analysis and negativity, alongside questions around methane emissions from livestock.", "location": { "name": "Johnsonville, NY, USA" }, "source": { "name": "Stripe 2020 Negative Emissions Purchase", "id": "STRP00", "date": "05-18-2020", "license": "CC-BY-4.0", "url": "https://github.com/stripe/negative-emissions-source-materials" }, "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://breadtreefarms.com/" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "05-18-2020", "note": "First release." }, { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "Added documentation column to match new conventions." } ], "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Avoids emissions from decomposing biomass resources and transforms them into long-lived biochar materials.", "comment": "From a narrow lifecycle perspective, project only avoids biogenic CO\u2082 emissions. From a broad perspective, the same mechanism forms a carbon removal pathway when coupled to biomass production." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 4500.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Biochar produced from established production facility.", "comment": "Volume is based on producing 1746.66 t of biochar with 78% C by mass. For consistency with other biochar projects, volume is decreased by 10% because permanence assumes the duration over which 90% of volume will remain. Further validation of volume would require knowing the decay rates of the feedstock." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": 0.982, "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Reported ratio based on 0.046 tCO\u2082 emitted for 2.79 tCO\u2082 stored, with reported emissions including electricity for pre-treatment, transport, and electricity for pyrolysis. Project uses low-carbon electricity from the Nordic grid for pelletizing and pyrolysis.", "comment": "Analysis required by Puro is pending but not yet completed. Boundary conditions well-specified and LCA components detailed and referenced. Minor permanence adjustment made for consistency with other biochar projects." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 690.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Claims 500 to 4000 years.", "comment": "Using the reported O:C ratio of 0.039 and a simple published model, we estimate 690 years as an approximate duration over which 90% of biochar C remains. This should be considered approximate, as permanence is only weakly correlated with composition, and likely depends on the storage environment and other factors." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Feedstock is agricultural (seed) waste. Further analysis would require knowing competing uses for feedstock." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": 100.0, "units": "$/tCO\u2082", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Reasonable details provided on project specifics, and uses public analysis as required by Puro for LCA. Third-party audit is pending." } ], "tags": [ "biomass", "biochar" ], "id": "STRP014", "description": "Biochar production through pyrolysis.", "applicant": "Ecoera", "rating": "2", "keywords": "", "methods": "The reported volume is 5000 tCO\u2082. Given the stated C fraction of 78%, this corresponds to a C volume of 1746.66 tC. To validate volume and permanence, we use a simple decay model based on Campbell et al. (2019) and data reviewed in Spokas (2010) (see [Jupyter notebook](https://github.com/carbonplan/notebooks/tree/master/biochar) for details). The stated composition ratio of O:C of 0.039 corresponds approximately to a half life of 4537 years. Assuming a first order exponential decay with a half life of 4537 yields a decay constant of k = log(2) / 4537 = 0.00006. 90% of the biochar volume will remain in 690 years via the equation -log(0.9)/k, so consistent with biochar projects, we express the permanence as 690 years, and the volume as 90% of 5000, or 4500.00 tCO\u2082. This should be considered approximate, as permanence is only weakly correlated with composition, and likely depends as much or more so on the decay environment (Campbell et al., 2019). Further analysis of the volume would require knowing the decay rate of the feedstock for comparison.\n\nFor consistency, the 90% correction on volume was extended to the calculation of negativity, specifically, applied to the 2.79 tCO\u2082 stored (relative to 0.046 tCO\u2082 emitted), and negativity was recomputed.\n", "location": { "name": "South Sweden" }, "source": { "name": "Stripe 2020 Negative Emissions Purchase", "id": "STRP00", "date": "05-18-2020", "license": "CC-BY-4.0", "url": "https://github.com/stripe/negative-emissions-source-materials" }, "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://puro.earth/services/biochar-ecoera-millennium-1-sweden-100015" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "05-18-2020", "note": "First release." }, { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "Added documentation column to match new conventions. Updated permanence estimation to reflect new, standardized initialization for fitting the biochar decay model." } ], "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Captured industrial CO\u2082 source is mineralized to create building materials. Project also reduces emissions associated with conventional concrete production.", "comment": "From a narrow lifecycle perspective, project only avoids biogenic CO\u2082 emissions. From a broad perspective, the same mechanism forms a carbon removal pathway when coupled to biomass production." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 10.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Volume based on initial production of 100 t of underlying product. Project is based on the Puro platform.", "comment": "Early stage of technology makes it difficult to independently evaluate volume." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": 0.2, "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Claims a range of possible ratios from 0.2 to 0.6 but provides no specifics, noting the process can be adjusted to produce different levels of carbon removal relative to emissions.", "comment": "Analysis required by Puro is pending but not yet completed. Lacking more detail we report the lowest, most conservative ratio." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 1000.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Claims complete permanence. Mentions resesarch partner for analysis, but no specifics provided.", "comment": "Successful mineralization produces reliable, effectively permanent carbon storage." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Project involves initial production from carbon sequestering building materials using relatively expensive CO\u2082 inputs (\u20ac75/tCO\u2082)." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": 20.0, "units": "$/tCO\u2082", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Several third-party analyses as required by Puro are still pending and not yet available." } ], "tags": [ "mineralization", "concrete" ], "id": "STRP018", "description": "Producing bricks and slips by carbonation.", "applicant": "Vandersanden", "rating": "3", "keywords": "", "methods": "The project uses CO\u2082 for mineralization in building materials. At least in its current deployments, the CO\u2082 is sourced from waste streams (as stated in their LCA materials). From a lifecycle perspective, its entire volume represents avoided emissions, not carbon removal, even though the same technology when coupled to, say, direct air capture, would constitute a carbon removal system.", "location": { "name": "Finland" }, "source": { "name": "Stripe 2020 Negative Emissions Purchase", "id": "STRP00", "date": "05-18-2020", "license": "CC-BY-4.0", "url": "https://github.com/stripe/negative-emissions-source-materials" }, "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://www.vandersanden.com/en" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "05-18-2020", "note": "First release." }, { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "Added documentation column to match new conventions." } ], "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Removes carbon from atmosphere for sequestration in forest and soil carbon stocks, and avoids emissions from lost forest carbon.", "comment": "Reforestration of degraded lands is clearly specified, but other aspects of practices to enhance soil carbon remain vague." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 6380.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Volume projected for one year on a 174 ha land project in Scotland. Claimed breakdown of total volume includes 18.3 - 25.7 tCO\u2082 / ha / year for above ground biomass, 7.3 - 25.7 tCO\u2082E / ha / year for soil carbon, and 11 - 22 tCO\u2082 / ha / year for biochar.", "comment": "Project provides references for forest growth rates, though claimed rates of tCO\u2082 / ha / yr are on the high end of published estimates. Estimates for soil carbon difficult to validate without more specifics on planned management practices or site properties." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": 0.995, "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Emission calculations based on one-time planting and fencing emissions amortized over 60 years. Various ongoing operations including raising pigs and transporation.", "comment": "Boundary conditions and emission sources well-specified, and consistent with similar projects. Claimed carbon removal benefits are on the high end of published estimates, which may explain the high value reported here." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 60.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Claims 100 to 1000 years.", "comment": "Project involves both forests and soil carbon. We report 60 years rather than 100 as 60 is mentioned as a minimum specifically for forests. Physical risks are low based on location. Socioeconomic risks are significant due to the risk of default or bankruptcy on this time horizon. Socioeconomic risks could be reduced, as land is owned by project proponent and proponent has indicated the possibility of permanently restricting land use." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "Counterfactual not specified, but appears to involve \"degraded\" land remaining degraded.", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": 20.0, "units": "$/tCO\u2082", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Reasonably thorough description of project and site, but additional public materials would be useful for analysis (e.g. shapefiles, species composition)." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "reforestation" ], "id": "STRP019", "description": "Reforestation offset model.", "applicant": "Future Forest", "rating": "1", "keywords": "", "methods": "For a 174 ha land project in Scotland, project claims a breakdown of total volume as including 18.3 - 25.7 tCO\u2082 / ha / yr for above ground biomass, 7.3 - 25.7 tCO\u2082E / ha / yr for soil carbon, and 11 - 22 tCO\u2082 / ha / yr for biochar. For the above ground biomass portion, an initial point of comparisons includes published estimates in the US based on USFS yield tables, which range from 1.14 tCO\u2082 / ha / yr to 11.56 tCO\u2082 / ha / yr (Fargione et al., 2018, which is itself based directly on USFS yield tables for Ponderosa Pine and Douglas-fir). An additional point of comparison comes from yield tables for Sitka Spruce in the UK, which include reports of 10 tCO\u2082 / ha / yr to 26 tCO\u2082 / ha / yr (Magnani et al., 2007), depending on stand age, regional conditions, and productivity. Based on these comparisons, the above ground biomass component of volume reported by the project 18.3 - 25.7 tCO\u2082 / ha / yr is high, but not implausible. The rates for soil carbon and biochar are more difficult to validate without more specifics on planned practices, and the value for soil in particular appears high. Thus, the overall volume appears high, and further details would be required for validation.", "location": { "name": "Scotland" }, "source": { "name": "Stripe 2020 Negative Emissions Purchase", "id": "STRP00", "date": "05-18-2020", "license": "CC-BY-4.0", "url": "https://github.com/stripe/negative-emissions-source-materials" }, "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://thefutureforestcompany.com/our-forests/" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "05-18-2020", "note": "First release." }, { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "Added documentation column to match new conventions." } ], "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for sequestration in bamboo and bamboo building materials.", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 19700.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Volume based on a 1000 ha pilot, using an unspecified Verified Carbon Standard protocol for calculations. Total includes both 15680 tCO\u2082 based on reforestation and 4020 tCO\u2082 based on storage of existing culms.", "comment": "Inferred rate of 15.7 tCO\u2082 / ha / yr for the first year of growth is high, but within the range of published allometric estimates for other bamboo species. Given large potential variability due to regional conditions, further validation would require ground measurements and/or the project-referenced VCS biomass methodology to be released in 2021." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": 0.98, "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Minimal information reported.", "comment": "Difficult to evaluate without more information. Lack of detail on the manufacturing process raises questions about the high ratio. Frequent harvests may affect emissions." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 50.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project projects permanence of 80 years for bamboo clumps and 50-100 years for engineered wood products.", "comment": "We report 50 as the minimum of the claimed range. For standing bamboo forests, physical risk to fire may be low, but other physical and socioeconomic risks apply on this time horizon. Wood carbon stored in bamboo products, however, will be more durable than in bamboo forests." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "Counterfactual not specified. Project appears to target degraded land and suggests alternative land uses, such as native forest plantations, might be feasible but would produce lower overall carbon removal services due to bamboo's extremely high annual productivity.", "comment": "Project claims that bamboo building materials have reached parity with conventional wood products. This suggests bamboo planting may not require climate policy incentives. No analysis available of competing economics of conventional wood products or alternative land management." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": 10.0, "units": "$/tCO\u2082", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Reasonably thorough description of project plan. Few details avaialble around engineered lumber products. Project refers to VCS standard that has yet to be released." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "wood" ], "id": "STRP022", "description": "Bamboo reforestation and engineered lumber.", "applicant": "Rizome", "rating": "2", "keywords": "", "methods": "Reported volume is based on a 1000 ha pilot. The total volume includes both 15680 tCO\u2082 via reforestation with giant bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper) and 4020 tCO\u2082 based on storage of existing culms. For the reforestation component, for the first year of growth, that corresponds to 15.7 tCO\u2082 / ha / yr. Published literature on a related species of giant bamboo reports rates of 29.8 tCO\u2082 / ha / yr (Yen and Lee, 2011), so these rates seem plausible, though we could not find published yield tables for the specific species in question. In addition, given several other potential sources of variability due to regional conditions, further validation of volume would likely require ground measurements once the project is underway.", "location": { "name": "Philippines" }, "source": { "name": "Stripe 2020 Negative Emissions Purchase", "id": "STRP00", "date": "05-18-2020", "license": "CC-BY-4.0", "url": "https://github.com/stripe/negative-emissions-source-materials" }, "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://www.rizomeco.com/" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "05-18-2020", "note": "First release." }, { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "Added documentation column to match new conventions." } ], "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Broker facilitates atmospheric carbon removal by providing an incentive to adopt agricultural practices that increase carbon sequestration in soils.", "comment": "Multiple established soil carbon removal pathways exist, but validating project mechanisms would require specific project details." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 550000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Range of 100k-1M tCO\u2082 based on potential participants in program.", "comment": "We report the average of the range. Validation of volume would at a minimum require information on specific projects, and values are only plausible under a significant scale of participation, for example, 0.5M ha of farmland at a rate of 1 tCO\u2082 / ha / yr." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "No data provided.", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 100.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Claims that offsets issued under Climate Action Reserve or Verra protocols require 100-year commitments.", "comment": "Soil carbon storage can be reversed by changed land management practices. Project claims that offset protocols ensure permanence on a 100-year timeframe, but of the protocols mentioned, only one is public in draft form (Climate Action Reserve) and it does not require projects to make legally-binding contracts for 100 years." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Changes to land management practices not specified. Significant co-benefits to land managers claimed alongside climate benefits offered for sale. There is not enough information to assess additionality. See Specificity comment." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": 20.0, "units": "$/tCO\u2082", "rating": "", "notes": "Includes 75% for farmers and 25% for monitoring, reporting, and verification work.", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "No information or data on specific projects are publicly available, and methods and protocols are either not publicly available or currently under review." } ], "tags": [ "soil", "farming" ], "id": "STRP004", "description": "Regenerative farming practices for soil carbon sequestration.", "applicant": "Indigo Ag", "rating": "1", "keywords": "", "methods": "The reported volume range of 100k to 1M tCO\u2082 / yr corresponds to unknown modified farming practices applied to an unknown number of participating farms. A wide variety of practices can potentially increase soil carbon sequestration, and rates associated with specific practices are likely to be variable and challenging to quantify (Smith et al., 2019; Poeplau & Don, 2011; Sanderman & Baldrock, 2010). If we assumed, for example, practices that increase soil carbon sequestration at a rate of 1 tCO\u2082 / ha / yr, we could infer that it would be necessary for 0.5M ha of farmland across all project participants. Lacking any specifics on either dimension, it is difficult to validate or judge the plausibility of the volume. The project also references a Climate Action Reserve [protocol development process](https://www.climateactionreserve.org/how/protocols/soil-enrichment/) that has not yet been finalized.", "location": { "name": "Midwest and Southern USA" }, "source": { "name": "Stripe 2020 Negative Emissions Purchase", "id": "STRP00", "date": "05-18-2020", "license": "CC-BY-4.0", "url": "https://github.com/stripe/negative-emissions-source-materials" }, "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://www.indigoag.com/for-supporters/carbon" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "05-18-2020", "note": "First release." }, { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "Added documentation column to match new conventions." } ], "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Broker facilitates BECCS projects, which avoid emissions from biogenic carbon sources and instead capture it for geologic sequestration in rocks' pore space.", "comment": "BECCS is a well-established technology. Project acts as a broker, rather than deploying a particular technology or process, so specific mechanisms could vary across sites." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 50000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Volume appears to be sourced from multiple BECCS projects.", "comment": "Overall volume reasonable given technology. Further validation, including distinguishing relative amounts of removal vs avoided emissions, would require more specifics on individual projects in portfolio." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": 0.9, "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Range expected to vary across sites from 0.9 to 0.995.", "comment": "Based on available project information, lifecycle emisisons do not include injection, and appear to exclude biogenic CO\u2082 emissions not captured from production process. Possible uses for enhanced oil recovery would affect overall lifecycle emissions. Lacking more details, we report the lowest, most conservative ratio." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 1000.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "Successful geologic sequestration produces reliable, effectively permanent carbon storage. However, geologic storage stability depends on sound management practices, which could vary by specific project sites." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "BECCS projects are likely additioinal, but specifics depend on the economics of any applicable tax credits or policy incentives." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": 99.0, "units": "$/tCO\u2082", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Basic technology is well understood. Few data on specific projects or deployment sites available in proposal or on project website. No references or third-party analyses available yet for LCA." } ], "tags": [ "biomass", "injection" ], "id": "STRP005", "description": "Supporting bio-energy with carbon capture and storage.", "applicant": "Biorecro", "rating": "1", "keywords": "", "methods": "Validation is challenging for this project without more specific details on projects. Biorecro appears to be a broker that facilitates late-stage BECCS projects. While BECCS is an established technology (Fuss et al., 2018), its key parameters \u2014 in particular volume, negativity, and permanence \u2014 rely on the details of both the bioenergy feedstock and the mechanisms for capturing and sequestering emissions produced during bioenergy production. Insofar as Biorecro works with several projects, details on those projects would be needed to validate most of our metrics.", "location": { "name": "North America / Europe" }, "source": { "name": "Stripe 2020 Negative Emissions Purchase", "id": "STRP00", "date": "05-18-2020", "license": "CC-BY-4.0", "url": "https://github.com/stripe/negative-emissions-source-materials" }, "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "http://biorecro.com/?page=main" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "05-18-2020", "note": "First release." }, { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "Added documentation column to match new conventions." } ], "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Broker facilitates atmospheric carbon removal by providing an incentive to adopt agricultural practices that increase carbon sequestration in soils.", "comment": "Multiple established soil carbon removal pathways exist. Specific mechnaisms for individual projects are not detailed." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 33000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Specific projects not identified. Claimed volume reflects 10-30 plots totaling 13355 ha with an average of 2.5 tCO\u2082 / ha / year.", "comment": "Claimed rate of 2.5 tCO\u2082 / ha / yr is broadly commensurate with a range from existing literature and models. Few project specific details are available to validate volume further." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": 0.5, "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Reported ratio provisional based on several referenced publications, with amended results to be determined in a future study.", "comment": "Connection between existing references, project plans, and future study not clear. Net LCA impacts depend on methane emissions from livestock and no GWP conversion information reported." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 10.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Claims 1000+ years in the abscence of behavioral changes.", "comment": "Soil carbon storage can be reversed by changed land management practices. Soil Value Exchange requires 10-year contractual commitments, so we report the minimum of the contractual agreement and the biogeophysical claim." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "Counterfactual could include conventional grazing and intensive feedlot grazing, but no projects identified and no historical practices identified at specific project sites.", "comment": "Participating projects and their past practices unknown. There is not enough information to assess additionality. See Specificity comment." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": 30.0, "units": "$/tCO\u2082", "rating": "", "notes": "Price appears to include payments to farmers and monitoring, veritification, and reporting, but no breakdown is specified.", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "No details available on specific projects. Protocol is under development but not yet available." } ], "tags": [ "soil", "grazing" ], "id": "STRP010", "description": "Regenerative land management.", "applicant": "Soil Value Exchange", "rating": "1", "keywords": "", "methods": "The proposal described several examples of soil carbon and ranching-related carbon storage studies, but it\u2019s not clear what specific practices will be used by projects that participate in the program. The overall claimed volume of 33000 tCO\u2082 is based on the participation of 10-30 ranches (depending on ranch size) totaling about 13360 ha and assuming 2.47 tCO\u2082 / ha / yr. While there is significant variability and uncertainty in soil carbon sequestration across practices, that value is commensurate with a range from existing literature, for example 1.17 \u00b1 0.29 tCO\u2082 / ha / yr for cover cropping (Poeplau & Don, 2011), 0.92 \u00b1 0.78 tCO\u2082 / ha / yr for a mix of practices including conversion from conventional tillage to no tillage (Sanderman & Baldrock, 2010), and 1.43 tCO\u2082 / ha / yr for using no tillage (Sperow, 2015). The project mentions a protocol that is under development in collaboration with Rice University, but is not yet available. The project indicated that a lifecycle analysis and future studies would be provided in the future. This kind of information would facilitate independent assessment.", "location": { "name": "" }, "source": { "name": "Stripe 2020 Negative Emissions Purchase", "id": "STRP00", "date": "05-18-2020", "license": "CC-BY-4.0", "url": "https://github.com/stripe/negative-emissions-source-materials" }, "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://www.soil-value-exchange.com/" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "05-18-2020", "note": "First release." }, { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "Added documentation column to match new conventions." } ], "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Avoids biomass emissions by burying wood waste in covered pits.", "comment": "Technology has not been vetted in practice nor explored carefully in the scientific literature. Pilot pit has yet to be constructed. From a broad lifecycle perspective, successful deployment would form a carbon removal pathway when coupled to biomass production. From a narrow, project-specific lifecycle perspective, project would only avoid biogenic CO\u2082 emissions." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 71019.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Volume based on loblolly pine waste (slash) to be stored in partially above-ground sealed pits. Total claimed volume reflects pit capacity of 71019 tCO\u2082.", "comment": "Total volume could be plausible if sufficient slash volume can be obtained. Additionally depends on validation of pit design." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": 0.904, "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Reported ratio based on both transporation and operations, totaling 6,804 tCO\u2082 emitted for 71,019 tCO\u2082 stored.", "comment": "Relatively few details provided. Serious analysis required around the potential for emissions to leak from pit." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 100.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Claims a range of 88% carbon permanent at 100 years to 99% permanent at 100 years.", "comment": "Pits are partially above-ground. Risks of emission leakage or anaerobic decomposition not addressed comprehensively." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "No commercial value to storing wood waste in pits. Further analysis would require knowing competing uses for feedstock." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": 42.5, "units": "$/tCO\u2082", "rating": "", "notes": "Prices based on purchase of slash ($5), transportation ($5), chipping ($10), pit construction ($10.50), and verification ($12.00).", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Only publication on technique is a speculative research proposal. No demonstration projects yet." } ], "tags": [ "biomass", "storage" ], "id": "STRP020", "description": "Carbon sequestration via logging and wood burial.", "applicant": "Carbon Sequestration", "rating": "1", "keywords": "", "methods": "Project proposes to use wood burial for carbon removal as described in Zeng (2008). That article is itself more of a speculative proposal and conceptual assessment rather than an explicit technology, and while establishing the potential for this as an approach, also raises several concerns, in particular around how burial conditions and pit design might affect decomposition rates and emissions, the construction necessary (and its role in a life cycle assessment), and potential unexpected ecosystem consequences. As such, this is an early stage technology, and lacking more specifics (or demonstration projects) makes it difficult to validate most metrics. We have flagged the permanence metric for this project because the significant claimed duration of 100 years does not adequately account for the fact that pits are partially above-ground and risk emission leakage. This issue needs to be addressed comprehensively.", "location": { "name": "East Texas, USA" }, "source": { "name": "Stripe 2020 Negative Emissions Purchase", "id": "STRP00", "date": "05-18-2020", "license": "CC-BY-4.0", "url": "https://github.com/stripe/negative-emissions-source-materials" }, "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "http://carbonsequestration-inc.com/" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "05-18-2020", "note": "First release." }, { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "Added documentation column to match new conventions." } ], "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Avoids emissions from decomposing biomass resources and transforms them into long-lived biochar materials.", "comment": "Project produces biochar, syngas, and district heat from a centralized facility. From a narrow lifecycle perspective, project only avoids biogenic CO\u2082 emissions. More broadly, the same mechanism forms a carbon removal pathway when coupled to biomass production." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 961.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project offers 1067.38 tCO\u2082 embodied in biochar at the point of production from a new facility in Finland.", "comment": "Construction of Finland facility is projected to begin in the end of 2021, and become operational in 2022 with an annual capacity of 1500 t biochar. Project claims 3.32 tCO\u2082 is embodied in each ton biochar at the point of production. This corresponds to biochar that is at least 90% C by mass, which is consistent with publicly accissible lab analysis of the project's walnut shell biochar (91.8% C) and peach pit biochar (91.3% C). The offer is for the production of 321.5 t biochar. For consistency with other biochar projects, gross volume offered is decreased by 10% because permanence assumes the duration over which 90% of volume will remain. We feel reasonably confident that the decay constant of the biochar feedstock is greater that 0.01, in which case volume claims over the reported permanence period hold." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": 0.93, "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Project reports 0.208 tCO\u2082e emissions / ton biochar for feedstock transporation and facility energy use. Project claim of 3.32 tCO\u2082 sequestered / ton biochar is decreased by 10% to reflect volume of \"permanently\" sequestered CO\u2082. See Permanence for further discussion.", "comment": "Numbers are derived from an LCA performed on the project's demo plant in California following the Puro.earth methodology. Analysis performed and audited by third-parties. Details are not publicly available. A new LCA will be performed for the Finland plant." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 656.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project claims at least 1000 year permanence.", "comment": "For consistency in reporting biochar projects, we report permanence as the approximate duration over which 90% of biochar C remains. Project reports an O:C ratio of <0.05. This is consistent with publicly accissible lab analysis of the project's walnut shell biochar (O:C ratio of 0.02) and peach pit biochar (O:C ratio of 0.042). Using the O:C ratio of 0.05 and a simple published model, we estimate that 90% of the biochar C will remain in 656 years. This should be considered approximate, as permanence is only weakly correlated with composition, and likely depends on the storage environment and other factors." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "Claimed counterfactual is wood residue feedstock being combusted for bioenergy or turned into wood products like particleboard.", "comment": "Process produces district heat and syngas in addition to biochar. Further validation of additionality would require understanding market dynamics around the produced biochar and its ultimate utilization, and the impact of carbon finance on the operation of the facility." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": 553.55, "units": "$/tCO\u2082", "rating": "", "notes": "For the 5% of the offer produced before Q3/2022, the price is $621/tCO\u2082. For remaining 95%, the price is $550/tCO\u2082. Price includes all expenses except capital expenses associated with building the facility.", "comment": "We report a weighted average of the two offer prices." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Basic technology is well understood through both demonstrations and published literature. Plans for upcoming Finland facility clearly communicated in this proposal. Lab results from biochar produced at the demo facility is publicly available. Public LCA details would enable further analysis of negativity. Clarity about biochar end use would enable further analysis of permanence." } ], "tags": [ "biomass", "biochar" ], "id": "STRP026", "description": "Fossilization of lignocellulosic waste into stable and functional biocarbons.", "applicant": "Carbo Culture ", "rating": "3", "keywords": "", "methods": "To validate permanence, we use a simple decay model based on Campbell et al. (2018) and data reviewed in Spokas (2010) (see [Jupyter notebook](https://github.com/carbonplan/notebooks/tree/master/biochar) for details). The stated composition ratio of O:C of 0.05 corresponds approximately to a half life of 4313 years. Assuming a first order exponential decay with a half life of 4313 yields a decay constant of k = log(2) / 4313. 90% of the biochar volume will remain in 656 years via the equation -log(0.9)/k, so consistent with biochar projects, we express the permanence as 656 years. This should be considered approximate, as permanence is only weakly correlated with composition, and likely depends as much or more so on the decay environment (Campbell et al., 2018).\n\nWe also use the model presented by Campbell et al. (2018) to build intuition about the impact of the counterfactual feedstock carbon storage on the creditatable carbon storage achieved by biochar. Given the simple model of biochar decay presented above, a feedstock with a decay constant of 0.01 or greater will store <1% of the C stored in the biochar after 656 years. This project claims that feedstocks are primarily wood residues that would otherwise be combusted. Secondary feedstocks cited are walnut shells and wood residues that would otherwise be used to produce manufactured wood products like particleboard. We feel reasonably confident that the wood and agricultural residues used as a feedstock for this project have decay constants greater than 0.01 (Harmon et al., 2020), with the possible exception of manufactured wood products that end up in landfills (Ximenes et al., 2017). ", "location": { "name": "Finland" }, "source": { "name": "Stripe Spring 2021 Negative Emissions Purchase", "id": "STRP01", "date": "05-26-2021", "license": "CC-BY-4.0", "url": "https://github.com/stripe/carbon-removal-source-materials" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "05-26-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://www.carboculture.com/" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in buried biomass.", "comment": "This proposal includes both a trial phase and a commercial phase. During the trial phase, project buys biomass to test subterranean storage concept, leading to avoided emissions. During the commercial phase, project will plant coppicing, native woody plants like Eucalyptus and Acacia and periodically harvest the above-ground biomass for storage in subterranean pits, leading to carbon removal. At scale, approach raises questions about land use for both biomass growth and biomass storage." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 5000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Project offers 50 tCO\u2082 of avoided emissions during the burial pit trial phase, and 4950 tCO\u2082 removal from the commercial phase.", "comment": "During the trial phase, biomass will be purchased from existing plantations and burried at a 100 square meter burial site. Volume for this phase is plausible, contingent on sufficient biomass purchase. In the commercial phase, biomass will be purpose-grown over a 25,000 ha project area, and stored at a 195 ha burial site. Biomass will be harvested on a 2 year cycle. During this phase of the project, claimed removal is 400,000 tCO\u2082 / year. We infer a the project estimates a carbon removal rate of 16 tCO\u2082/ha/yr. Proposal specifies that all cultivated species will be woody, copiccing plants native to Australia. Specific species are not identified. Questions remain about coppicing, including variation between species in regrowth rates and how regrowth rates would affect operations and estimates of carbon removal. It is unclear what proportion of the claimed carbon removal is from aboveground or belowground biomass or how belowground biomass will be tracked across the 25 year project timeline." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": 0.961, "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Project reports 75 tCO\u2082 emissions for 50 tCO\u2082 removal during trial phase, and 121 tCO\u2082 emissions for 4950 tCO\u2082 removal during commercial phase. Boundary for life cycle analysis includes the planting, processing, storage and monitoring of biomass, as well as burial chamber leakage.", "comment": "Numbers for subcompents are approximate. No methods are provided for their derivation." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 1000.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Project claims 1000-6000 year permanence.", "comment": "Storage pit proof-of-concept experiment is part of the proposal in question." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "There is no reason to bury biomass in brine except for carbon removal purposes." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": 50.0, "units": "$/tCO\u2082", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Basic approach clearly communicated. Key elements of the carbon removal pathway are pending demonstration, including the storage strategy trial, which this proposal addresses. Proposal is missing key information, including tree species, carbon accrual estimation methodology, LCA details, and consideration of potential environmental impacts." } ], "tags": [ "biomass", "burial" ], "id": "STRP033", "description": "Growing biomass for long-term subterranian storage.", "applicant": "EBS", "rating": "2", "keywords": "", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Australia" }, "source": { "name": "Stripe Spring 2021 Negative Emissions Purchase", "id": "STRP01", "date": "05-26-2021", "license": "CC-BY-4.0", "url": "https://github.com/stripe/carbon-removal-source-materials" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "05-26-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Avoids emissions from biomass resources and transforms them into long-lived biochar materials.", "comment": "Project produces biochar and bio-oil from a centralized plant. From a narrow lifecycle perspective, project only avoids biogenic CO\u2082 emissions. From a broad perspective, the same mechanism forms a carbon removal pathway when coupled to biomass production." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 1036.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project offers 1151 tCO\u2082 embodied in biochar from a plant operating in Finland.", "comment": "Volume offer is based on producing biochar that emobodies 3.43 tCO\u2082 in each ton biochar at the point of production. In other words, offer is based on producing 335 t biochar that is at least 93.4% C by mass. Previously published lab analyses indicate production of biochar that is 92.7% C by mass, which appears to be consistent with Puro.earth's crediting of the project. For consistency with other biochar projects, gross volume of avoided emissions is decreased by 10% because permanence assumes the duration over which 90% of volume will remain. We feel reasonably confident that the decay constant of the biochar feedstock is greater that 0.01, in which case volume claims over the reported permanence period hold." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": 0.949, "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Project reports 0.157 tCO\u2082 emissions per 3.43 tCO\u2082 stored at point of biochar production. Claimed biochar volume is decreased by 10% to reflect volume of \"permanently\" sequestered CO\u2082. See Permanence for further discussion.", "comment": "LCA analysis was performed by third-party, as required by Puro, but details are not publicly available. Boundary conditions are well-specified, and include fossil emissions for feedstock harvest, transporation, and pyrolosis." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 755.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project claims 90% of biochar carbon will remain after 1500 years.", "comment": "For consistency in reporting biochar projects, we report permanence as the approximate duration over which 90% of biochar C remains. Using the reported O:C ratio of 0.021 and a simple published model, we estimate that 90% of the biochar C will remain in 755 years. This should be considered approximate, as permanence is only weakly correlated with composition, and likely depends on the storage environment and other factors." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "Claimed counterfactual is feedstock wood thinnings decomposing in place, or logged wood being burned.", "comment": "Biochar production is coupled with discrict heating. Further analysis would require understanding the impact of carbon finance on the operation of the facility." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": 180.0, "units": "$/tCO\u2082", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Project is formally listed on Puro.earth. Third-party analysis of biochar chemical composition is available, but conflicts with project claims in proposal. LCA details, which were previously accessible via a link in the Stripe 2020 application, are no longer public." } ], "tags": [ "biomass", "biochar" ], "id": "STRP035", "description": "Biochar technology company.", "applicant": "Carbofex", "rating": "3", "keywords": "", "methods": "To validate permanence, we use a simple decay model based on Campbell et al. (2018) and data reviewed in Spokas (2010) (see [Jupyter notebook](https://github.com/carbonplan/notebooks/tree/master/biochar) for details). The stated composition ratio of O:C of 0.021 corresponds approximately to a half life of 4969 years. Assuming a first order exponential decay with a half life of 4969 yields a decay constant of k = log(2) / 4969. 90% of the biochar volume will remain in 755 years via the equation -log(0.9)/k, so consistent with biochar projects, we express the permanence as 755 years. This should be considered approximate, as permanence is only weakly correlated with composition, and likely depends as much or more so on the decay environment (Campbell et al., 2018).\n\nWe also use the model presented by Campbell et al. (2018) to build intuition about the impact of the counterfactual feedstock carbon storage on the creditatable carbon storage achieved by biochar. Given the simple model of biochar decay presented above, a feedstock with a decay constant of 0.01 or greater will store <1% of the C stored in the biochar after 755 years. This project claims that feedstocks are primarily wood residues that are left to decompose on site. Secondary feedstock feedstock outcomes cited include combustion or pulping. We feel reasonably confident that the wood residues used as a feedstock for this project have decay constants greater than 0.01 (Harmon et al., 2020).\n", "location": { "name": "Finland" }, "source": { "name": "Stripe Spring 2021 Negative Emissions Purchase", "id": "STRP01", "date": "05-26-2021", "license": "CC-BY-4.0", "url": "https://github.com/stripe/carbon-removal-source-materials" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "05-26-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://puro.earth/services/biochar-finland-100008" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project avoids emissions by incorporating biochar into asphalt.", "comment": "Project procures a byproduct of fast pyrolysis, composed in part of biochar, and incorporates it into asphalt as an alternative binder. From a narrow lifecycle perspective, project claims the avoided CO\u2082 emissions of biochar production. More broadly, the same mechanism forms a carbon removal pathway if coupled to both biomass feedstock and biochar production." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 338.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project offers 300 tCO\u2082 via incoporation of biochar into asphalt.", "comment": "Offered volume is based on biochar that is 84.2% C by mass, or in other terms, biochar that embodies 3.09 tCO\u2082 per ton of biochar at the point of production. Project offer reflects the assumption that of the 120 tons of biochar incorporated into asphalt, 80% of biochar C will remain stored longer than 1000 years. For consistency in reporting volume and permanence claims across biochar projects, the gross volume offered is adjusted to reflect that permanence reporting assumes the duration over which 90% of biochar C will remain. Volume is plausible if this project is correctly taking credit for the carbon benefits of biochar production. See additionality for further discussion." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": 0.873, "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Reported ratio is based on the transportation of biochar feedstock, energy use for pyrolysis, and incorporation of biochar into asphalt. Reported emissions total 43 tCO\u2082 for the claimed 300 tCO\u2082 sequestered. Project reports additional avoided emissions from the displacement of conventional binders, which we exclude for consistency in reporting. Sequestration volume is adjusted to reflect volume of \"permanently\" sequestered CO\u2082. See permanence for further discussion.", "comment": "Boundary conditions are well-specified, and emissions numbers are provided for sub-components of the process. Emissions reported for the feedstock processing and fast pyrolysis seem to be consistent with the production ratios of bio-oil, another product of the pyrolysis process, rather than the biochar-containing filter cake." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 547.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project claims 1000 year permanence.", "comment": "Using the reported O:C ratio of 0.09 and a simple published model, we estimate that 90% of the biochar C will remain in 547 years. We report this duration for consistency in reporting across biochar projects. Using the same O:C ratio and model, we estimate that 80% of biochar C will remain in 1144 years. This is consistent with projects claim that 1000 year claim for 80% of biochar C will remain for at least 1000 years. These permanence estimates should be considered approximate, as permanence is only weakly correlated with composition, and does not take into account the impact of incorporating biochar into asphalt." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "Claimed counterfactual is decomposition or combustion of biochar feedstock.", "comment": "This proposal forms one part of a multi-actor pathway to avoided emissions, which raises concerns about potential for double counting. Although there is no indication of ongoing double-counting, it is worth noting that any tons offered in the voluntary market by both the biochar producer and the project proponent would be non-additional." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": 600.0, "units": "$/tCO\u2082", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Thorough description of project plan for incorporating biochar into asphalt, which forms one part of a pathway to avoided emissions. Volume offer and negativity reflect biochar production as within scope for this proposal. Additional details about biochar production process would enable further analysis." } ], "tags": [ "biomass", "asphalt" ], "id": "STRP040", "description": "Incorporating pyrolysis by-products into asphalt. ", "applicant": "Ensyn", "rating": "3", "keywords": "", "methods": "To validate permanence, we use a simple decay model based on Campbell et al. (2018) and data reviewed in Spokas (2010) (see [Jupyter notebook](https://github.com/carbonplan/notebooks/tree/master/biochar) for details). The stated composition ratio of O:C of 0.09 corresponds approximately to a half life of 3596 years. Assuming a first order exponential decay with a half life of 3596 yields a decay constant of k = log(2) / 4969. 90% of the biochar volume will remain in 547 years via the equation -log(0.9)/k, so consistent with biochar projects, we express the permanence as 547 years. This should be considered approximate, as permanence is only weakly correlated with composition, and likely depends as much or more so on the decay environment (Campbell et al., 2018).\n\nWe also use the model presented by Campbell et al. (2018) to build intuition about the impact of the counterfactual feedstock carbon storage on the creditatable carbon storage achieved by biochar. Given the simple model of biochar decay presented above, a feedstock with a decay constant of 0.01 or greater will store <1% of the C stored in the biochar after 547 years. This project claims that feedstocks are primarily wood residues that are left to decompose on site or are combusted. We feel reasonably confident that the wood residues used as a feedstock for this project have decay constants greater than 0.01 (Harmon et al., 2020).", "location": { "name": "Canada" }, "source": { "name": "Stripe Spring 2021 Negative Emissions Purchase", "id": "STRP01", "date": "05-26-2021", "license": "CC-BY-4.0", "url": "https://github.com/stripe/carbon-removal-source-materials" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "05-26-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "http://www.ensyn.com/" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project avoids emissions from decomposing biomass resources by transforming them into long-lived biochar materials.", "comment": "Modular pyrolysis technology produces biochar and syngas. From a narrow lifecycle perspective, project only avoids biogenic CO\u2082 emissions. More broadly, the same mechanism forms a carbon removal pathway when coupled to biomass production." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 2700.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Project seeks an offtake agreement for 3000 tCO\u2082 embodied in biochar.", "comment": "Project claims each modular unit can produce 4500 t biochar / year, sequestering 16,750 tCO\u2082. However, this implies the biochar is more than 100% C by mass, which is not possible. For consistency with other biochar projects, gross volume of avoided emissions is decreased by 10% because permanence assumes the duration over which 90% of volume will remain." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": 0.849, "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Reported ratio based on running a single unit for a full year with a total 2284 tCO\u2082 of emissions and 16,766 tCO\u2082 embodied in biochar at point of production. Claimed C storage in biochar is decreased by 10% to reflect volume of \"permanently\" sequestered CO\u2082. See Permanence for further discussion.", "comment": "Life cycle analysis boundary does not appear to include transportation or processing of feedstock. No specific numbers are associated with process subcomponents. Detailed life cycle analysis is referenced but not publicly available." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 547.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project claims 100+ years if biochar is applied to soil, and 200+ years if biochar is incorporated into construction materials.", "comment": "For consistency in reporting biochar projects, we report permanence as the approximate duration over which 90% of biochar C remains. In this case, the O:C ratio is not available, so we conservatively assume a high ratio of 0.09. Using a simple published model, we estimate that 90% of the biochar C will remain in 568 years. This should be considered approximate, as permanence is only weakly correlated with composition, and likely depends on the storage environment and other factors." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "Claimed counterfactual is incineration or landfill storage of waste biomass feedstock.", "comment": "Technology can process non-recyclable plastics and other wastes in addition to biomass, but this offer claims the exclusive use of waste biomass. Project claims it makes a profit on the sale of electrical power, payment to process waste, and sale of biochar as a useful material without additional carbon revenue. Further analysis would require understanding the impact of carbon finance on the operation of the facility." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": 120.0, "units": "$/tCO\u2082", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Clear communication of offer and project plan. Key information, such as biochar quality and life cycle analysis, is not publicly available." } ], "tags": [ "biomass", "biochar" ], "id": "STRP046", "description": "Pyrolysis of waste to produce biochar and syngas.", "applicant": "Standard Gas", "rating": "1", "keywords": "", "methods": "To validate permanence, we use a simple decay model based on Campbell et al. (2018) and data reviewed in Spokas (2010) (see [Jupyter notebook](https://github.com/carbonplan/notebooks/tree/master/biochar) for details). This project does not report an O:C ratio, so we conservatively assume a high ratio of 0.09, the highest claimed O:C ratio of the biochar projects currently appearing in this database, and estimate 90% permanence, using a simple decay model based on Campbell et al. (2019) and data reviewed in Spokas (2010) (see Jupyter notebook for details).\n\nWe were not able to establish confidence in the basic C storage ratios presented by this project. Project claims each modular unit can produce 4500 t biochar / year and sequester 16,750 tCO\u2082. However, 16,750 tCO2 *(12/44) = 4,568 tC, so the claimed ratio implies that the biochar produced is more than 100% C by mass, which is not possible. ", "location": { "name": "United Kingdom" }, "source": { "name": "Stripe Spring 2021 Negative Emissions Purchase", "id": "STRP01", "date": "05-26-2021", "license": "CC-BY-4.0", "url": "https://github.com/stripe/carbon-removal-source-materials" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "05-26-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "www.standardgas.co.uk" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project converts biomass sugars into a value-added product which is pumped into an underground waste disposal well for geologic storage.", "comment": "From a narrow lifecycle perspective, project only avoids biogenic CO\u2082 emissions. From a broad perspective, the same mechanism forms a carbon removal pathway when coupled to biomass production." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 16384.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project offers 1024 tCO\u2082 storage in year one (2021-2022), 5120 tCO\u2082 storage in year 2, and 10,240 tCO\u2082 storage per year thereafter from a commercial plant in Houston, TX.", "comment": "We report the volume offered over the first three years of plant operation. Contingent on plant operation at claimed capacity, sufficient procurement of feedstock sugars, and successful injection, claimed volume is plausible." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": 0.6, "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Reported ratio includes emissions from feedstock production, processing, and transportation, in addition to the energy needed for the Solugen process, and transportation of final product, for a total of 0.4 tCO\u2082 emitted per ton of CO\u2082 sequestered in a saline well. Emissions estimates for feedstock production are derived from the GREET model.", "comment": "Boundary conditions are well-specified, and emissions numbers are provided for sub-components of the process. Emissions associated with feedstock production and energy use appear to report numbers from the low end of identified ranges." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 1000.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project claims permanent storage in Class II disposal wells.", "comment": "Successful geological injection produces reliable, effectively permanent carbon storage." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "Claimed counterfactual is use of dextrose feedstock for human and animal consumption, or in production of ethanol fuel.", "comment": "Project sells a product that can bind metals to decrease harmful depositions and increase the performance of disposal wells. Project claims there is an existing economic case for disposal wells to include up to 50ppm of the product to enhance well performance. Beyond this \"useful\" concentration, project claims the same disposal wells could handle up to 10,000ppm of the product. Thus for a given well, carbon benefits from injection of the product would be non-additional up to 50ppm, while injections past that concentration would be additional. The proposal does not differentiate between these two cases, and offers the full production volume from its new commercial plant. Thus, it is unclear what potion of the offered volume is additional." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "$/tCO\u2082", "rating": "", "notes": "Project does not report a price, and requests that Stripe set a standard carbon utilization price.", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Reasonably thorough description of technology and project plans." } ], "tags": [ "biomass", "injection" ], "id": "STRP048", "description": "Decarbonizing the chemicals industry with computational biology.", "applicant": "Solugen", "rating": "2", "keywords": "", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Texas, USA" }, "source": { "name": "Stripe Spring 2021 Negative Emissions Purchase", "id": "STRP01", "date": "05-26-2021", "license": "CC-BY-4.0", "url": "https://github.com/stripe/carbon-removal-source-materials" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "05-26-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://www.solugentech.com/industrial-chemical-products/biochelate/" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from the atmosphere using a liquid solvent. Captured carbon dioxide will be mineralized in reaction with industrial waste materials to create building materials.", "comment": "Project uses an undisclosed non-hydroxide solvent and electrochemical separation to capture and recover CO\u2082. Project delivers captured CO\u2082 to a partner, O.C.O. Technologies, who mineralizes CO\u2082 in reaction with industrial waste materials to create Manufactured LimeStone." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 365.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Project offers 365 gross tCO\u2082 removal from the operation of an industrial scale pilot trial with O.C.O. technologies from 2023-2024.", "comment": "Volume is based on 100% mineralization of captured CO\u2082 in O.C.O.'s Manufactured LimeStone. The proposed DAC technology uses a novel solvent and electrochemical separation. There is not enough information available about this early stage DAC technology to validate the offered volume." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": 0.979, "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Project reports 7.5 tCO\u2082 emissions for the direct air capture of 365 tCO\u2082. Reported ratio includes embodied emissions from concrete, steel and electrochemical components of the technology, as well as emissions from electricity use and chemical feedstocks.", "comment": "LCA boundaries are well defined, but currently exclude the storage solution, claiming that O.C.O. would have operated with similar emissions regardless. Project indicates the intention to perform an LCA including storage process." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 1000.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project claims 1000 year permanence.", "comment": "Successful mineralization produces reliable, effectively permanent carbon storage." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "The only reason to implement the direct air capture portion of this project is to generate climate benefits. O.C.O Technologies has offered carbon benefits related with CO\u2082 utilization in the voluntary market in the past. Although there is no indication of double-counting, it is worth noting that any tons offered in the voluntary market by both parties would be non-additional. Conversely, tons that are not double-counted would be additional." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": 275.0, "units": "$/tCO\u2082", "rating": "", "notes": "Stripe purchased from this project at $319/tCO\u2082, which differs from the proposed price. This price is broken down as $279 for capture, and $40 for storage.", "comment": "Further details about the negotiated purchase can be found here: https://github.com/stripe/carbon-removal-source-materials/tree/master/Purchase%20Agreements/Spring2021" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Reasonably thorough description of project and partnerships. Public data or publications regarding the novel DAC approach would enable further validation." } ], "tags": [ "dac", "aggregate" ], "id": "STRP028", "description": "Direct air capture coupled with utilization by O.C.O. Technology.", "applicant": "Mission Zero", "rating": "3", "keywords": "O.C.O. Technology", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "United Kingdom" }, "source": { "name": "Stripe Spring 2021 Negative Emissions Purchase", "id": "STRP01", "date": "05-26-2021", "license": "CC-BY-4.0", "url": "https://github.com/stripe/carbon-removal-source-materials" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "05-26-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "", "url": "" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from the air via calcination and mineralization of a solid sorbent. Captured carbon dioxide may be utilized commercially or stored via geologic injection.", "comment": "Project cycles magnesium oxide or calcium oxide as a solid sorbent. Project releases CO\u2082 from the mineral through calcination, and captures the CO\u2082 for storage or utilization. Sorbent passively mineralizes CO\u2082 before being cycled through the process. While the capacity of basic mineralization and calcination technologies are well established, achieving the accellerated rate of passive mineralization is pending demonstration. The end use of captured CO\u2082, yet to be determined, is an important component of a full carbon removal pathway." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 50.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Project offers 50 gross tCO\u2082 removal, the majority from the deployment of a new demo plant. Removal will be delivered between 2021 and 2023.", "comment": "Volume is based on 90% calcination efficiency, capturing 0.53 tCO\u2082 per ton calcium oxide and 0.74 tCO\u2082 per ton magnesium oxide per cycle. The basic volume estimates are consistent with literature, but project implementation and empirical demonstration of the approach are too early stage to validate volume." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": 0.94, "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Project reports 3 tCO\u2082 emissions for 50 tCO\u2082 removal. This includes emissions for feedstock transportation, calcination, carbonation, and CO\u2082 storage.", "comment": "Lifecycle boundaries are clearly defined, and LCA numbers are detailed and well-cited, though approximate." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 1000.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Project claims 1000 year permanence via geologic storage or mineralization in concrete.", "comment": "In its original proposal, project presented a plan to capture CO\u2082, but did not specify what would happen to the captured CO\u2082. The proposal was retroactively updated to reflect the fact that Stripe\u2019s purchase from this project was contingent on 1000+ year storage for the purchased tons. Since the project intends to pursue permanent storage for these tons but does not identify storage partners, we report permanence as 1000+ years but do not validate." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "The only reason to implement a project like this is to generate climate benefits. If project pursues geologic injection, it would be eligibile to participate in the Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) compliance program. Project has not indicated the intention to participate in the LCFS, but if participating, any tons that received LCFS credits and were also offered in the voluntary market would be non-additional. Because LCFS is a compliance program, this would be a case of double counting. Conversely, tons that did not receive LCFS credits would be additional." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": 10000.0, "units": "$/tCO\u2082", "rating": "", "notes": "Stripe purchased from this project at $2,054/tCO\u2082, which differs from the proposed price.", "comment": "Further details about the negotiated purchase can be found here: https://github.com/stripe/carbon-removal-source-materials/tree/master/Purchase%20Agreements/Spring2021" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Basic carbon removal pathway well defined via peer-reviewed literature. Third party lifecycle analysis or public data from upcoming demo projects would enable further analysis of the innovative components of this pathway." } ], "tags": [ "dac", "mineralization" ], "id": "STRP041", "description": "Direct air capture via mineralization. ", "applicant": "Heirloom", "rating": "2", "keywords": "", "methods": "We have collaborated with Noah McQueen, co-founder of Heirloom, on past projects (DAC Calculator and CDR Primer). We have also cited and learned from his scientific publications. As always, we have attempted to base our analysis solely on publicly-available information. ", "location": { "name": "California, USA" }, "source": { "name": "Stripe Spring 2021 Negative Emissions Purchase", "id": "STRP01", "date": "05-26-2021", "license": "CC-BY-4.0", "url": "https://github.com/stripe/carbon-removal-source-materials" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "05-26-2021", "note": "First release." }, { "date": "09-17-2021", "note": "Heirloom\u2019s public proposal is ambiguous regarding the permanence of captured carbon. In our original project report, we reported the permanence as N/A and reflected the proposal\u2019s ambiguity in our permanence note and comment. Heirloom has since confirmed that their purchase agreement with Stripe was contingent on 1000+ year storage for the purchased tons via geologic sequestration or mineralization in concrete. We updated the permanence note and comment to reflect this understanding." }, { "date": "12-15-2021", "note": "Heirloom\u2019s public proposal was updated to reflect that permanent storage via geologic injection or mineralization in concrete will be arranged for all tons purchased by Stripe. We updated the reported permanence claim to reflect this retroactive proposal update. Since a storage partner is not yet identified, we do not validate the permanence." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Paper", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-16510-3" }, "notes": "We have collaborated with Noah McQueen, co-founder of Heirloom, on past projects (DAC Calculator and CDR Primer). We have also cited and learned from his scientific publications. As always, we have attempted to base our analysis solely on publicly-available information. " }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Captured industrial CO\u2082 is mineralized as a building material feedstock.", "comment": "Project produces carbonates that can be used as aggregates. From a narrow lifecycle perspective, project avoids emissions because it sources CO\u2082 from a waste stream. From a broad perspective, the same technology would form a carbon removal pathway if coupled to a biogenic CO\u2082 emissions source or a direct air capture facility." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 3935.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Project offers 12 tCO\u2082 removal from a prototype already deployed, in addition to 3923 tCO\u2082 from a pilot deployment in Texas.", "comment": "For the existing prototype, volume is based on the 0.4 tCO\u2082 mineralization per ton wollastonite feedstock. For the proposed pilot deployment, volume is based on 0.39 tCO\u2082 mineralization per ton of blended mineral feedstock. While mineralization volume is theoretically plausible, public data from the initial bench-scale operation does not yet support execution on this claim. Data or publications from the operating prototype would enable further validation." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": 0.695, "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Reported ratio includes emissions from mining, processing and transporting mineral feedstocks, and energy sources for the carbonation process. Reported emissions total 1200 tCO\u2082 for 3935 tCO\u2082 removal.", "comment": "LCA numbers are detailed though approximate." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 1000.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project claims 1000-5000 year permanence.", "comment": "Successful mineralization produces reliable, effectively permanent carbon storage." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Aggregates will be sold as a product separate from associated the carbon benefits. More information about the impact of carbon finance on carbonate production would enable further analysis of additionality." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": 73.0, "units": "$/tCO\u2082", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Thorough description of basic technology. Detailed, self-reported LCA provided in proposal and additional linked documentation. Public data from the operating prototype would enable further validation." } ], "tags": [ "mineralization", "aggregate" ], "id": "STRP025", "description": "Transforming CO\u2082 into building materials.", "applicant": "Carbix ", "rating": "2", "keywords": "", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Texas, USA" }, "source": { "name": "Stripe Spring 2021 Negative Emissions Purchase", "id": "STRP01", "date": "05-26-2021", "license": "CC-BY-4.0", "url": "https://github.com/stripe/carbon-removal-source-materials" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "05-26-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://www.carbixcorp.com/" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project leverages rainwater to weather ground olivine spread on land. Depending on sediment transfer, olivine weathering can result in alkalization of runoff and/or formation of carbonate precipitates, both of which remove carbon from the atmosphere.", "comment": "Project specifically proposes to use finely ground olivine to replace in-fill sand in sport fields. Not known over relavant time scales whether final form of carbon is carbonate precipitates or dissolved bicarbonate." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 5500.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project offers the first 100 years of carbon removal associated with the deployment of 5000 t of finely ground olivine.", "comment": "Project claims 1.1 tCO\u2082 removed / t olivine deployed over the weathering lifetime of the olivine. Project estimates that 68% of olivine weathering will occur within the first 100 years, which is the offered removal volume (0.748 tCO\u2082 / t olivine). A full consideration of the counterfactual fate of the olivine feedstock could affect these estimates, but we think this is unlikely and don't withold validation." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": 0.967, "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Project reports 0.0363 tCO\u2082 emissions / ton olivine. This includes emissions associated with mining, processing, and transporting olivine. Project claims 1.1 tCO\u2082 removal / t olivine deployed.", "comment": "While project only seeks to sell 68% of projected CO\u2082 removal, the remaining removal is likely guaranteed once the olivine is deployed. We thus report the ratio of emissions to the removal over the entire weathering lifetime of the olivine. Numbers are detailed though approximate." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 1000.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project claims greater than 1000 year permanence.", "comment": "Successful mineralization produces reliable, effectively permanent carbon storage." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "Counterfactual is using alternative in-fill sand without carbon removal benefits. No clear counterfactual for the olivine waste stream.", "comment": "Offer clearly communicates the role of carbon finance in making the finely ground olivine cost competitive with alternative in-fill materials. Finely ground olivine is sourced as a by-product material from the manufacture of foundry sand. Its size is not changed before deployment. Information about the alternative uses for this olivine feedstock would enable further analysis of additionality." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": 170.39, "units": "$/tCO\u2082", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "This offer is is for a more finely ground olivine product than previously offered by GreenSand. Thus prices should not be directly compared the prices of previous offers." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Basic mechanism is well-described in literature. Project details and removal volume assumptions are clearly communicated." } ], "tags": [ "mineralization", "olivine" ], "id": "STRP027", "description": "Removing CO\u2082 with surface mineralization of Olivine. ", "applicant": "GreenSand ", "rating": "3", "keywords": "", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Netherlands" }, "source": { "name": "Stripe Spring 2021 Negative Emissions Purchase", "id": "STRP01", "date": "05-26-2021", "license": "CC-BY-4.0", "url": "https://github.com/stripe/carbon-removal-source-materials" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "05-26-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://www.greensand.nl/" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Project builds garden walls to remove atmospheric carbon via mineralization.", "comment": "Project proposes to build rock walls with basalt pebbles, which is then filled with rock powder and equipped with active irrigation to enhance weathering process. Project proposes to further carbonate outputs into building materials like gravel. Walls will be monitored and maintained by robots. While mineralization is well established as a carbon removal method, this technique is novel and pending demonstration." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 378.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Project offers 378 gross tCO\u2082 removal from a 1m pilot wall, a 50 meter wall to be built in 2021, and a 5 km wall to be built in 2022.", "comment": "Volume is hard to validate due to early stage of this approach." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": 0.222, "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Reported ratio includes emissions from raw material processing and transportation, for a total of 210.4 tCO\u2082 emissions for 756 tCO\u2082 permanently mineralized. Another 378 tCO\u2082 emissions are associated with the production of gravel from the carbonates.", "comment": "Reported project emissions are difficult to validate based on the experimental nature of the approach and lack of specificity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 1000.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project claims indefinite permanence.", "comment": "If project successfully achieves mineralization, storage would be reliable and effectively permanent." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Project plans to build garden walls as a service, and sell gravel as an output of the proposed process. Additional information about how carbon finance impacts the business model would enable further analysis of additionality." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": 500.0, "units": "$/tCO\u2082", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "More information regarding assumed weathering rates, wall irrigation, gravel production approach, and lifecycle analysis is necessary for further analysis." } ], "tags": [ "mineralization", "wollastenite" ], "id": "STRP030", "description": "Carbon removal walls to protect arable land and clean the atmosphere.", "applicant": "RockFarm ", "rating": "1", "keywords": "", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Germany" }, "source": { "name": "Stripe Spring 2021 Negative Emissions Purchase", "id": "STRP01", "date": "05-26-2021", "license": "CC-BY-4.0", "url": "https://github.com/stripe/carbon-removal-source-materials" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "05-26-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://rockfarmio.wordpress.com/" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Captured industrial CO\u2082 is mineralized in building materials.", "comment": "Project proposes displacing Portland-cement in concrete production with new materials, including green liquor dregs from the pulp industry, and mineralizing CO\u2082 during the concrete curing process. From a narrow lifecycle perspective, project only avoids CO\u2082 emissions because it sources CO\u2082 from waste streams. From a broad perspective, the same technology would form a carbon removal pathway if coupled to a biogenic CO\u2082 emissions source or a direct air capture facility." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 150.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Project offers 150 tCO\u2082 embodied in concrete, produced during three pilot production rounds.", "comment": "Project claims 0.388 tCO\u2082 embodied in each cubic meter of concrete produced, 64% of which the project claims is from green liquor dregs, a waste stream products incorporated into the concrete mix. Characterization of the green liquor dregs would enable further analysis." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": 0.918, "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Project reports 0.032 tCO\u2082 emissions and 0.388 tCO\u2082 storage per cubic meter of cement produced. Life cycle analysis boundaries include feedstock transportation and manufacture of concrete.", "comment": "Life cycle boundaries are well-specified. Emissions numbers are approximate, and modeled using the VTT LCA database." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 1000.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project claims 10,000 year permanence.", "comment": "Successful mineralization produces reliable, effectively permanent carbon storage." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Volume is likely additional. Concrete products will be purchased and used separate from their carbon removal benefits, but high costs provide evidence of additionality." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": 960.0, "units": "$/tCO\u2082", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Reasonably thorough description of basic technology and upcoming pilot projects. Further characterization of novel materials, public data or publications based on past lab-scale experiments, or performance data from the pilots in this proposal would enable further validation." } ], "tags": [ "mineralization", "concrete" ], "id": "STRP032", "description": "Demonstration and piloting of carbon negative concrete. ", "applicant": "VTT Bio-concrete", "rating": "3", "keywords": "", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Finland " }, "source": { "name": "Stripe Spring 2021 Negative Emissions Purchase", "id": "STRP01", "date": "05-26-2021", "license": "CC-BY-4.0", "url": "https://github.com/stripe/carbon-removal-source-materials" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "05-26-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "", "url": "" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Captured industrial CO\u2082 is mineralized in building materials.", "comment": "Project modifies concrete mix design and and utilizes CO\u2082 during the concrete curing process. From a narrow lifecycle perspective, project currently avoids CO\u2082 emissions because it sources CO\u2082 from a waste stream. From a broad perspective, the same technology would form a carbon removal pathway if coupled to a biogenic CO\u2082 emissions source or a direct air capture facility." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 992.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project offers 992 gross tCO\u2082 from 2022 - 2023 from the integration of CO\u2082 utilization technology into a single production line of an operating masonry plant.", "comment": "Volume is based on a 2% uptake of CO\u2082 by mass of manufactured products. The existing plant manufactures 198,333 tons of product per year. Project proposes to convert a single production line, a quarter of overall plant capacity, to use its carbonation technology. Volume is plausible based on previous demonstrations and publications. Approach results in additional avoided emissions from the displacement of traditional cement production, which are not included in reported volume." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": 0.977, "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Project reports 23 tCO\u2082 emissions for 992 tCO\u2082 mineralization in building materials. Emissions are derived from a comparison between a production line with and without proposed carbonation technology.", "comment": "Boundary conditions are well-specified. Energy used in addition to the normal operation of the production line is assumed to come from solar. Performance projections are based on measured results from existing pilot systems. A third-party verification of life cycle analysis has been performed and may be available upon request, but is not publicly accessible." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 1000.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project claims permanence on the order of tens to hundreds of thousands of years.", "comment": "Successful mineralization produces reliable, effectively permanent carbon storage." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "While project claims long-term path to favorable economics that do not require carbon finance, the role of carbon finance and thus the additionality of this initial conversion is clearly communicated." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": 260.0, "units": "$/tCO\u2082", "rating": "", "notes": "Stripe purchased from this project at $260/tCO\u2082.", "comment": "Further details about the negotiated purchase can be found here: https://github.com/stripe/carbon-removal-source-materials/tree/master/Purchase%20Agreements/Spring2021" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Thorough description of basic technology with references. Clear communication of specific proposal and role of carbon finance. LCA numbers are validated by third party, but public details are not available." } ], "tags": [ "mineralization", "concrete" ], "id": "STRP036", "description": "Startup commercializing a low-cost, scalable, low-carbon concrete technology.", "applicant": "CarbonBuilt", "rating": "4", "keywords": "", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "USA" }, "source": { "name": "Stripe Spring 2021 Negative Emissions Purchase", "id": "STRP01", "date": "05-26-2021", "license": "CC-BY-4.0", "url": "https://github.com/stripe/carbon-removal-source-materials" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "05-26-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://www.carbonbuilt.com/" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project leverages rainwater to weather ground olivine spread on land. Depending on sediment transfer, olivine weathering can result in alkalization of runoff and/or formation of carbonate precipitates, both of which remove carbon from the atmosphere.", "comment": "Project specifically proposes to spread ground olivine over an abandoned quarry. Not known over relavant time scales whether final form of carbon is carbonate precipitates or dissolved bicarbonate." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 30000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project offers 30,000 tCO\u2082 removal via the mineralization of finely ground olivine over a five year time period.", "comment": "Volume is based on spreading 80,000 tons of ground olivine, with the assumed carbon removal rate of 1.2 tCO\u2082 / ton olivine. That ratio is near the upper bound of possible carbon removal rates for olivine. A full consideration of the counterfactual fate of the olivine could affect these estimates, but we think this is unlikely and don't withold validation." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": 0.952, "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Project reports 3797 tCO\u2082 emissions associated with 78,000 tCO\u2082 removal over the project lifetime. This includes emissions associated with mining, grinding, and transporting olivine, in addition to equipment embodied emissions and emissions associated with project management.", "comment": "Project reports its emissions ratio in several formats. We report the ratio estimated the entire project lifetime. Numbers are detailed, though approximate." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 1000.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project claims 100,000 to 100 million year permanence.", "comment": "Successful mineralization produces reliable, effectively permanent carbon storage." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Olivine is sourced as a mining waste product. The only reason to grind and spread the olivine is to generate climate benefits." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": 75.0, "units": "$/tCO\u2082", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Basic mechanism is well-described in literature. Project details and removal volume assumptions are clearly communicated." } ], "tags": [ "mineralization", "olivine" ], "id": "STRP039", "description": "Surface olivine weathering.", "applicant": "CO\u2082-Zero", "rating": "4", "keywords": "", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Turkey " }, "source": { "name": "Stripe Spring 2021 Negative Emissions Purchase", "id": "STRP01", "date": "05-26-2021", "license": "CC-BY-4.0", "url": "https://github.com/stripe/carbon-removal-source-materials" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "05-26-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "", "url": "" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Captured CO\u2082 is mineralized in recycled concrete.", "comment": "Project captures waste CO\u2082 from a biogas production facility, and mineralizes that CO\u2082 in reaction with recycled concrete granules. These granules are re-used as aggregates in concrete or as a road base. From a narrow lifecycle perspective, project avoids CO\u2082 emissions because it sources CO\u2082 from a waste stream. From a broad perspective, the same technology would form a carbon removal pathway if coupled to direct air capture." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 750.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project offers 750 gross tCO\u2082 mineralization from 2021-2023 through the operation of existing deployments and the integration of their technology at a new concrete recycling facility in Switzerland.", "comment": "Volume is based on the uptake of 0.072 tCO\u2082 per ton of processed concrete debris. This uptake estimate is derived from the performance data of previously deployed technology. Project identifies clear methods for measuring and quantifying CO\u2082 uptake for each batch of debris processed. Contingent on sufficient deployment of technology, volume is plausible." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": 0.938, "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Project reports 46.2 tCO\u2082 emissions for 750 tCO\u2082 mineralization, based on the comparision of concrete recycling with and without mineralization technology incorporated.", "comment": "LCA boundaries are clearly defined and include emissions associated with the CO\u2082 supply chain and the mineralization process. Numbers are approximate, though detailed. Project indicates a third party LCA and a peer-reviewed LCA paper are underway." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 1000.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project claims greater than 1000 year permanence.", "comment": "Successful mineralization produces reliable, effectively permanent carbon storage." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "Claimed counterfactual is concrete recycling without additional CO\u2082 mineralization, and the production of biogas without CO\u2082 capture and utilization.", "comment": "Concrete products will be sold separate from the associated carbon benefits, but the high price provides evidence of additionality. Of all the partners involved in producing this solution, Neustark holds exclusive rights to the carbon benefits." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": 400.0, "units": "$/tCO\u2082", "rating": "", "notes": "Project reports operation of existing deployments to be $700/tCO\u2082 and price of the upcoming deployment to be $300/tCO\u2082. Reported price reflects the mix of these two prices within the projects offer.", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Thorough description of basic technology, project plans, and project integration into existing supply chains. Upcoming academic publications will likely enable further analysis." } ], "tags": [ "mineralization", "concrete" ], "id": "STRP043", "description": "Mineralization of atmospheric CO\u2082 in demolished concrete.", "applicant": "Neustark", "rating": "4", "keywords": "", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Switzerland" }, "source": { "name": "Stripe Spring 2021 Negative Emissions Purchase", "id": "STRP01", "date": "05-26-2021", "license": "CC-BY-4.0", "url": "https://github.com/stripe/carbon-removal-source-materials" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "05-26-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://www.neustark.com/" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project leverages rainwater to weather ground basalt spread on land. Depending on sediment transfer, basalt weathering can result in alkalization of runoff and/or formation of carbonate precipitates, both of which remove carbon from the atmosphere.", "comment": "Not known over relavant time scales whether final form of carbon is carbonate precipitates or dissolved bicarbonate." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 8400.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project estimates 8400 tCO\u2082 removal from the application of ground basalt over a 75 ha area over 4 years.", "comment": "Volume is based on applying 50 tons of finely ground basalt per hectare per year. We infer a projected carbon removal rate of 0.56 tCO\u2082 / ton ground basalt. While the estimated removal volume falls within a reasonable range, uncertainty remains about the mineral composition of the basalt. Project proposes a well-cited methodology for measuring weathering rates. A full consideration of the counterfactual fate of the basalt feedstock could affect these estimates, but we think this is unlikely and don't withold validation." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": 0.989, "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Reported ratio is based on the emissions from transportation, grinding and spreading of waste basalt nearby mine. Emissions total 92 tCO\u2082 for the gross removal of 8400 tCO\u2082.", "comment": "Boundary conditions are well-specified. Component emissions estimates are approximate, but assumptions are well cited." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 1000.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project claims 100,000 year permanence.", "comment": "Successful mineralization produces reliable, effectively permanent carbon storage." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Basalt feedstock is a waste product sourced from a local mine. The only reason to grind and spread the basalt is to generate climate benefits. Resulting carbon removal is likely additional compared to alternative fate of feedstock." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": 200.0, "units": "$/tCO\u2082", "rating": "", "notes": "Stripe purchased from this project at $200/tCO\u2082.", "comment": "Further details about the negotiated purchase can be found here: https://github.com/stripe/carbon-removal-source-materials/tree/master/Purchase%20Agreements/Spring2021" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Thorough description of project approach with citations. LCA numbers are approximate, but assumptions are clearly communicated. Public reporting of data collected in proposed experiments would enable further validation." } ], "tags": [ "mineralization", "basalt" ], "id": "STRP050", "description": "Enhanced weathering for carbon removal.", "applicant": "UNDO (prev. Future Forest)", "rating": "4", "keywords": "", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "United Kingdom" }, "source": { "name": "Stripe Spring 2021 Negative Emissions Purchase", "id": "STRP01", "date": "05-26-2021", "license": "CC-BY-4.0", "url": "https://github.com/stripe/carbon-removal-source-materials" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "05-26-2021", "note": "First release." }, { "date": "08-12-2022", "note": "Updated applicant name and website to reflect organizational name-change." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://un-do.com/" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project filters dissolved CO\u2082 from water using activated carbon.", "comment": "Project envisions removing dissolved CO\u2082 from the ocean using activated carbon filters. Project currently proposes a lab-scale demonstration in controlled conditions using commercially-available CO\u2082, leading to avoided emissions. For pilot demonstration, CO\u2082 filtered from the water may be mineralized and used in an art installation. In the long term, project aims to store captured CO\u2082 via geologic injection." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 0.2, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Project offers 0.2 gross tCO\u2082 removal from the construction and operation of a lab-scale pilot system From June 2021 - June 2022.", "comment": "Offered volume includes both CO\u2082 embodied in the activated carbon sorbent (0.1 tCO\u2082) and captured CO\u2082 (0.1 tCO\u2082). It is difficult to assess volume due to early stage of technology." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Reported ratio assumes zero emissions associated with the pilot project's CO\u2082 sequestration.", "comment": "Project identifies potential emissions sources, associated both with the pilot project and the longer-term development of this solution, but does not have the data to report or estimate emissions." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 1000.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Project claims at least 1000 year permanence.", "comment": "For a full scale system, project envisions working with an external partner to facilitate geologic storage. No specific storage partnership is yet identified. For proposed bench-scale demonstration, storage plans are not specified. Captured CO\u2082 may be mineralized to use in an art installation. Both mineralization and geologic injection would achieve effectively permanent storage if executed. However, half of the offered volume is associated with the carbon embodied in biochar. Biochar degrades over time, and further information would be needed to assess the permanence of the associated carbon storage." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "The only reason to build a system like this is to generate climate benefits, and no such projects are operating today. However, counting embodied carbon in activated carbon filter (derived from biochar) as 50% of the carbon benefit offered raises double counting concerns. Although there is no indication of double-counting, it is worth noting that any tons offered in the voluntary market by both the biochar producer and the project proponent would be non-additional." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "$1M", "units": "$/tCO\u2082", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Reported number appears to reflect the full prices of research grant." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Reasonably thorough description of approach. Data or publications from upcoming experiments would enable further analysis." } ], "tags": [ "ocean", "injection" ], "id": "STRP029", "description": "Removing CO\u2082 from the sea.", "applicant": "Out of the Blue ", "rating": "2", "keywords": "", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "England" }, "source": { "name": "Stripe Spring 2021 Negative Emissions Purchase", "id": "STRP01", "date": "05-26-2021", "license": "CC-BY-4.0", "url": "https://github.com/stripe/carbon-removal-source-materials" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "05-26-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://CO\u2082outoftheblue.com/" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project avoids emissions from biomass decomposition through deepwater storage.", "comment": "Project proposes collecting waste biomass and sinking it into deep, anoxic waters for storage. This proposal seeks support for a lab-based feasibility study, followed by a field experiment in the Black Sea. From a narrow lifecycle perspective, project only avoids biogenic CO\u2082 emissions. From a broad perspective, the same mechanism forms a carbon removal pathway when coupled to biomass production. Approach raises questions about geopolitical feasibility and appropriate permitting." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 100.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project offers 100 tCO\u2082 removal from sinking biomass into the Black Sea.", "comment": "Volume is based on sinking 60 tons of biomass into the Black Sea to a depth of >1000m. Contingent on sufficient procurement of biomass and project execution, volume is plausible." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": 0.9, "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Reported ratio is based on emissions from transporting, processing and sinking biomass, totalling 10 tCO\u2082 per 100 tCO\u2082 stored. Emissions not measured, taken from a publication.", "comment": "Numbers are approximate, and estimated emissions are roughly doubled to account for uncertainty." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 100.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Project claims a permanence of 100 to thousands of years. We report the minimum of this claimed range.", "comment": "The proposed experiments aim to study decomposition rates in a lab setting and in the field." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "Claimed counterfactual is use of feedstock for composting, gasification or storage in landfill.", "comment": "The only reason to implement a project like this is to generate climate benefits, and no such projects are operating today." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": 5000.0, "units": "$/tCO\u2082", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Reported number appears to reflect the full prices of a research grant." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Key components of the process remain theoretical. Further details on research approach or public data from upcoming experiments would enable further analysis." } ], "tags": [ "ocean", "biomass" ], "id": "STRP034", "description": "Sinking biomass for deepwater storage. ", "applicant": "C-Sink", "rating": "3", "keywords": "", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Black Sea" }, "source": { "name": "Stripe Spring 2021 Negative Emissions Purchase", "id": "STRP01", "date": "05-26-2021", "license": "CC-BY-4.0", "url": "https://github.com/stripe/carbon-removal-source-materials" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "05-26-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "", "url": "" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project enhances macroalgal growth via artificial upwelling, and removes carbon from the upper ocean for storage in macroalgae, which is sunk into the deep ocean for long-term storage.", "comment": "Project proposes introducing artificial upwelling at established coastal seaweed farms. Seaweed biomass is then sunk into the deep ocean for long-term carbon storage. If stored biomass would have been grown without project intervention, project would result in avoieded emissions. In the long term, project envisions growing macroalgae on floating arrays, enhancing its growth and increasing cultivatable ocean area through artificial upwelling. Carbon sequestration via kelp biomass growth is assumed to translate into atmospheric carbon removal through the air-sea flux of CO\u2082. Dissolved carbon storage in deep oceans raises potential long-term carbon cycle, ocean acidification, and ecosystem impact questions." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 1245.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Project offers 1245 tons of gross carbon removal from growing and sinking macroalgae between 2021 and 2025.", "comment": "Project estimates that each dry ton of seaweed (Eucheumatoid Spp) grown contains approximately 1 tCO\u2082e, which is plausible given relavent estimates in literature. Offer makes variable claims about per hectare production of seaweed, but appears to calculate volume based on the assumption of 100 tons of dry seaweed produced per hectare per year, which is much higher than reported per hectare yields for commercial seaweed production. Project claims deepwater irrigation can increase productivity 2-4x." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": 0.679, "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Project reports 400 tCO\u2082 emission for 1245 tCO\u2082 sequestered. Boundary conditions include release of carbon from upwelled water, and emissions from the transportion, processing and sinking of seaweed.", "comment": "LCA numbers are approximate. Uncertainty remains about the carbon accounting associated with upwelling carbon-rich deepwater." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 1000.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project claims >1000 year permanence.", "comment": "Macroalgae will be sunk loose or in bales. Probable duration of storage is a function of where in the ocean macroalgae is sunk. Carbon dioxide removed to lower ocean depths can be stable for millennia, but unlike geologic storage, has an implied end date for effectiveness." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "The only reason to implement a project like this is to generate climate benefits, and no such projects are operating today." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": 600.0, "units": "$/tCO\u2082", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Reasonably thorough description of approach with references. Specific publications or public data on demonstration projects is not yet available." } ], "tags": [ "ocean", "macroalgae" ], "id": "STRP038", "description": "Growing seaweed via Marine Permaculture and sinking it into the deep ocean.", "applicant": "Climate Foundation", "rating": "3", "keywords": "Marine permaculture", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Pacific Ocean (near Phillippines)" }, "source": { "name": "Stripe Spring 2021 Negative Emissions Purchase", "id": "STRP01", "date": "05-26-2021", "license": "CC-BY-4.0", "url": "https://github.com/stripe/carbon-removal-source-materials" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "05-26-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "", "url": "" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere via sequestration in phytoplankton and transport of phytoplankton biomass to the deep ocean.", "comment": "Novel early-stage technology with field-trial demonstrations in progress. Wave-powered pumps produce artificial upwelling, stimulating primary production on ocean surface. Previous project proposals from this group have mentioned artificial downwelling, which does not seem to be within scope for this proposal. Carbon sequestration via microalgal growth is assumed to translate into atmospheric carbon removal through the air-sea flux of CO\u2082. Dissolved carbon storage in deep oceans raises potential long-term carbon cycle, ocean acidification, and ecosystem impact questions." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 72930.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Project offers 72,846 net tCO\u2082 removal by 2050 from the deployment of 10 free-floating, artificial upwelling pumps.", "comment": "It is difficult to assess volume due to early stage of technology. Previous trials have demonstrated a smaller version of the pump technology on short time scales. Demonstration of deeper pumping on longer timescales, as well as data on the impact of artificial upwelling on primary production, is pending." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": 0.999, "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Reported ratio based on project materials, transportation, and operations totaling 8.5 tCO\u2082 emissions for the deployment of a single pump. Proposal offers the deployment of 10 pumps, and a gross removal volume of 72,846 tCO\u2082.", "comment": "Project emissions are specified in detail, and assumptions are well cited, but overall negativity remains difficult to validate because technology is early-stage and experimental. Uncertainty remains about the carbon accounting associated with upwelling carbon-rich deepwater, and the volume of carbon that would likely end up in the deep ocean." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 1000.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Project claims a 1000 - 5000 year permanence.", "comment": "Carbon removed to lower ocean depths can be stable for millennia, but may affect ocean acidity and be exposed to surface-atmosphere interactions. Unlike geologic storage this stock has an implied end date for effectiveness, albeit a potentially very distant one." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "The only reason to implement a project like this is to generate climate benefits, and no such projects are operating today." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": 49.33, "units": "$/tCO\u2082", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Reasonably thorough description of technology with references. Specific publications or public data on demonstration projects not available." } ], "tags": [ "ocean", "phytoplankton" ], "id": "STRP044", "description": "Wave-powered upwelling for carbon\u200b sequestration.", "applicant": "Ocean-based Climate Solutions", "rating": "1", "keywords": "", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Pacific Ocean (near Hawaii)" }, "source": { "name": "Stripe Spring 2021 Negative Emissions Purchase", "id": "STRP01", "date": "05-26-2021", "license": "CC-BY-4.0", "url": "https://github.com/stripe/carbon-removal-source-materials" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "05-26-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://ocean-based.com/" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in macroalgae, which is sunk into the deep ocean for long-term storage.", "comment": "Project grows kelp on floating 'microfarm' line assemblies. After a period of drifting and growing, assembly loses buoyency and sinks kelp biomass into the deep ocean for long term sequestration. Carbon sequestration via kelp biomass growth is assumed to translate into atmospheric carbon removal through the air-sea flux of CO\u2082. Dissolved carbon storage in deep oceans raises potential long-term carbon cycle, ocean acidification, and ecosystem impact questions." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 2000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Project offers 2000 tCO\u2082 gross removal from the deployment of 37,000 macroalgae microfarms in the North Atlantic in 2022 and 2023.", "comment": "Project estimates that each dry ton of kelp (Saccharina latissima) grown contains approximately 1 tCO\u2082e, which is plausible given relavent estimates in literature. Successful open ocean kelp growth and approach to biomass sinking are pending demonstration via results from a feasibility study which is currently underway. Offered volume assumed that 75% of microfarms will succesfully sink to >1000m depth." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": 0.958, "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Reported ratio based on the embodied carbon for single use materials, the energy used in the kelp nursery, and the energy used for microfarm deployment, totalling 85 tCO\u2082 for the proposed deployment of 37,000 microfarms.", "comment": "LCA numbers are detailed, though approximate. Boundary conditions are clearly specified." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 800.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project claims a minimum of 800 year permanence, and cites evidence for 1000+ year permanence.", "comment": "Another proposal with an analagous approach to deep ocean carbon storage claims 1000 year permanence, which we validate. Probable duration of storage is a function of where in the ocean macroalgae is sunk. Carbon dioxide removed to lower ocean depths can be stable for millennia, but unlike geologic storage, has an implied end date for effectiveness." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "The only reason to implement a project like this is to generate climate benefits, and no such projects are operating today." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": 250.0, "units": "$/tCO\u2082", "rating": "", "notes": "Stripe purchased from this project at $250/tCO\u2082.", "comment": "Further details about the negotiated purchase can be found here: https://github.com/stripe/carbon-removal-source-materials/tree/master/Purchase%20Agreements/Spring2021" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Thorough description of early-stage aproach and ongoing trials, with clear communication of current assumptions. Specific publications or public data from ongoing feasibility study would enable further analysis." } ], "tags": [ "ocean", "macroalgae" ], "id": "STRP045", "description": "Ocean technology and aquaculture company.", "applicant": "Running Tide", "rating": "3", "keywords": "", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Atlantic Ocean" }, "source": { "name": "Stripe Spring 2021 Negative Emissions Purchase", "id": "STRP01", "date": "05-26-2021", "license": "CC-BY-4.0", "url": "https://github.com/stripe/carbon-removal-source-materials" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "05-26-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://www.runningtide.com/" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes dissolved CO\u2082 from seawater for storage in a solid precipitate form. Post-process seawater discharged back into the ocean absorbs CO\u2082 from the atmosphere.", "comment": "Novel early-stage technology proposes a pilot project to electrolytically force the precipitation of solid carbonates from seawater. Effluent seawater is treated to restore pH, and thus achieve net climate benefits, before discharge." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 365.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Project offers 365 gross tCO\u2082 removal from the construction and operation of a 1 tCO\u2082 / day reactor.", "comment": "Basic technology is explained in detail in a 2021 peer-reviewed publication: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c08561. Volume is hard to validate given the early stage of the technology. Data or publications from lab-scale demonstrations or the upcoming pilot would enable further analysis." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": 0.929, "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Reported ratio is based on the energy use of operating the electrochemical reactor, resulting in a total of 0.07 tCO\u2082 emissions and 1 tCO\u2082 removal per day of operation.", "comment": "Numbers are approximate. An LCA for the pilot system is planned for 2023." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 1000.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project claims indefinite permanence.", "comment": "Successful mineralization produces reliable, effectively permanent carbon storage." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Process co-produces H\u2082, which could could be sold as a separate product. The carbon benefits offered from this pilot project are likely additional given the expense of this early phase." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": 1370.0, "units": "$/tCO\u2082", "rating": "", "notes": "Stripe purchased from this project at $1370/tCO\u2082.", "comment": "Further details about the negotiated purchase can be found here: https://github.com/stripe/carbon-removal-source-materials/tree/master/Purchase%20Agreements/Spring2021" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Thorough description of basic technology in peer-reviewed literature. Clear communication of proposed pilot project. Data from bench-scale demonstration and lifecycle analysis of pilot system would enable further analysis." } ], "tags": [ "ocean", "mineralization" ], "id": "STRP047", "description": "Mineralization reactors for CO\u2082 removal with hydrogen co-production.", "applicant": "SeaChange", "rating": "3", "keywords": "", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "California, USA" }, "source": { "name": "Stripe Spring 2021 Negative Emissions Purchase", "id": "STRP01", "date": "05-26-2021", "license": "CC-BY-4.0", "url": "https://github.com/stripe/carbon-removal-source-materials" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "05-26-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Paper", "url": "https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c08561" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project avoids emissions by burrying microalgal biomass for long-term storage.", "comment": "Project grows microalgae in desert ponds filled with pumped seawater. About half of algal biomass is directed into food systems, and the remainder is buried in desert pits for storage. Project avoids emissions if preventing the decomposition of a waste product through burial. Project removes carbon from the atmosphere if purpose-growing biomass for burial. It is not clear that additional biomass is grown for burial, so we are interpreting this proposal as the burial of waste biomass." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 72.5, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project offers to grow enough microalgae at its first commercial production facility in Morocco to capture 145 gross tCO\u2082 over one year. Half of this biomass will be directed into the food system. The other half buried for storage. We thus report a gross carbon removal volume of 72.5 tCO\u2082.", "comment": "Project estimates each ton of algae grown embodies 1.61 tCO\u2082. The gross volume offered therefore corresponds to the production of 45 tons of dry algal biomass. The existing 3 ha trial site produces 20 tons of dry biomass per year. Contingent on sufficient expansion, volume is plausible." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": 0.936, "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Project reports 4.65 tCO\u2082 emissions associated with the biomass stored onsite, which we report relative to 72.5 tCO\u2082 burried.", "comment": "Project reports separate \u201ctotal gross emissions\u201d for food production and biomass burial. We report the emissions for just the biomass burial on the assumption that the food system emissions would occur irrespective of the decision to bury biomass. However, the proposal's more granular LCA reporting does not distinguish between food production and biomass burial. It\u2019s not clear, for instance, how the cultivation emissions are split between the two outcomes. More clarity about how the two biomass outcomes relate to each other, with LCA reporting to match, would enable further analysis of negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 1000.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Project claims 1000-5000 year permanence.", "comment": "We report the minimum of the claimed permanence range. Specificity regarding burial approach would enable further analysis." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "There is no reason burry biomass apart from climate benefits." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": 660.0, "units": "$/tCO\u2082", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Thorough description of basic technology and project plans on the biomass production side. Few details provided for the storage approach. Clarity about the relationship between the biomass burried and the biomass exported into food systems would enable further analysis." } ], "tags": [ "ocean", "burial" ], "id": "STRP049", "description": "Sequestering carbon and producing food by creating large-scale algal blooms in desert environments.", "applicant": "SuSeWi", "rating": "3", "keywords": "", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Morocco" }, "source": { "name": "Stripe Spring 2021 Negative Emissions Purchase", "id": "STRP01", "date": "05-26-2021", "license": "CC-BY-4.0", "url": "https://github.com/stripe/carbon-removal-source-materials" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "05-26-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://www.susewi.life/press-release/" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from the air via the mineralization of a solid sorbent.", "comment": "Project uses calcium oxide as a solid sorbent. CO\u2082 is captured via accellerated carbonation of the sorbent in a warehouse-based air contactor. Sorbent feedstock is currently waste lime kiln dust, which will be disposed of after CO\u2082 capture. In future deployments, project may use limestone and cycle the sorbent through the carbonation process several times using calcination to release CO\u2082 between cycles. While the capacity of basic mineralization and calcination technologies are well established, achieving the accellerated rate of mineralization at scale is pending demonstration." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 2446.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Project offers 2446 gross tCO\u2082 removal from the construction and operation of a new plant. Removal will be delivered between 2024 and 2025.", "comment": "Volume is based on 90% carbonation of sorbent, capturing 0.7 tCO\u2082 per ton calcium oxide. The basic components of the volume estimate are consistent with literature, but project implementation and empirical demonstration of the approach are too early stage to validate volume. Additionally, proposal's calculation of volume includes inconsistencies." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": 0.818, "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Project reports 446 tCO\u2082 emissions for 2446 tCO\u2082 removal. This includes raw materials for the facility, facility energy use, and transportation.", "comment": "Lifecycle boundaries are clearly defined, and LCA numbers are detailed though approximate. Project currently uses waste lime kiln dust as sorbent feedstock and thus does not include the energy used to produce a feedstock within its lifecycle analysis. Project indicates future plans to use purpose-mined limestone and introduce sorbent cycling with calcination, both of which could affect negativity. Further validation would be enabled by an independent asessment or verification." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 1000.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project claims 1000+ year permanence.", "comment": "Successful mineralization produces reliable, effectively permanent carbon storage." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "The only reason to implement a project like this is to generate climate benefits." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": 460.0, "units": "$/tCO\u2082", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Reasonably thorough description of basic approach. Further validation would be enabled by a more detailed explanation of the specific approach to accellerating mineralization, or public data from the lab-scale experiments performed to date or upcoming deployments." } ], "tags": [ "dac", "mineralization" ], "id": "STRP051", "description": "Direct air capture via mineralization. ", "applicant": "8 Rivers", "rating": "3", "keywords": "", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Arizona, USA" }, "source": { "name": "Stripe Fall 2021 Negative Emissions Purchase", "id": "STRP02", "date": "12-15-2021", "license": "CC-BY-4.0", "url": "https://github.com/stripe/carbon-removal-source-materials" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "12-15-21", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "", "url": "" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from the atmosphere using a solid sorbent. Captured carbon dioxide will be mineralized in concrete.", "comment": "Project is developing novel solid sorbent. Project retrofits existing water towers to redirect outgoing air into a stand-alone capture and regeneration unit containing the solid sorbent. Captured CO\u2082 is compressed and transported offsite for mineralization in concrete." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 1000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Project offers 1000 gross tCO\u2082 removal from retrofitting water towers with a standalone DAC unit. Removal will be delivered between 2022 and 2023.", "comment": "Noya has previously deployed a solvent-based DAC retrofit on a water tower, however this would be the first deployment of a sorbent-based technology. Volume is based on the capture of 0.034 gCO\u2082 / g sorbent per cycle. Project is in early stages of developing and testing sorbent technology, and is too early stage to validate. Data from lab-based experimental results or upcoming deployment would enable further validation." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": 0.683, "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Project reports 317 tCO\u2082 emissions for 1000 tCO\u2082 removal, contingent on project's plan to source decarbonized electricity. Emission estimate includes emissions from feedstock manufacture, CO\u2082 capture, regeneration and compression, transportation, and storage.", "comment": "Project does not specify procurement plan for decarbonized electricity. Project also reports that if electiricity was sourced from current grid mix, emission would total 836 tCO\u2082. Since this is provided as a point of comparison rather than the project's plan, we report 317 tCO\u2082 emissions. Lifecycle boundaries are clearly defined, and LCA numbers are detailed, though approximate." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 1000.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Project claims 1000+ year permanence.", "comment": "Contingent on identifying a partner for mineralization of captured CO\u2082 in concrete, successful mineralization produces reliable, effectively permanent carbon storage, even after the manufactured building material is de-commissioned. Since this partnership is yet to be formed, we do not validate the claimed permanence." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "The only reason to implement a project like this is to generate climate benefits. Project specifically addresses avoiding double counting with the partner who will use captured CO\u2082 in concrete production." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": 1822.0, "units": "$/tCO\u2082", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Reasonably thorough description of project and technology." } ], "tags": [ "dac", "mineralization" ], "id": "STRP052", "description": "Direct air capture via cooling tower retrofits.", "applicant": "Noya", "rating": "2", "keywords": "", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "California, USA" }, "source": { "name": "Stripe Fall 2021 Negative Emissions Purchase", "id": "STRP02", "date": "12-15-2021", "license": "CC-BY-4.0", "url": "https://github.com/stripe/carbon-removal-source-materials" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "12-15-21", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://www.noya.co/" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from the atmosphere using a solid sorbent.", "comment": "Project uses an amine-based solid sorbent, and indicates the intention for captured CO\u2082 to be used in building materials. Project has conducted lab-scale experiements and is seeking support for a proof of concept deployment." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 365.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Project offers 365 gross tCO\u2082 from the future deployments of proof-of-concept capture facilities. Volume will be delivered between 2023 and 2024.", "comment": "Volume is based on the operation of two DAC facilities with a 1 tCO\u2082/day capacity. Amine-based sorbents have been used in operating DAC systems, but project is too early stage to validate volume." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": 0.99, "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Project reports 3.52 tCO\u2082 emissions for 365 tCO\u2082 removal. This includes embodied emissions for the facility's raw materials, as well as emissions associated with electricity use and chemical feedstocks.", "comment": "Lifecycle boundaries are clearly defined, but currently exclude emissions associated with transportation of feedstocks and raw materials, as well as any emissions associated with CO\u2082 storage or utilization. LCA assumes electricity is sourced exclusively from solar." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 1000.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Project claims 50-1000 year permanence. It appears as though the lower end of the range characterizes the functional lifetime of the product utilizing the captured carbon rather than the permanence of the mineralization, so we report 1000 years.", "comment": "Project indicates plans to partner with a tile manufactuer that would use captured CO\u2082 in a curing process. If CO\u2082 were mineralized in such a curing process, this would produce reliable, effectively permanent carbon storage, even after the manufactured building material is de-commissioned. However, few details are provided on this storage solution, and storage emissions are not included in the project's LCA (see negativity for more details). As such, we consider the proposed storage solution outside the scope of this proposal and do not validate the claimed permanence." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "The only reason to implement a project like this is to generate climate benefits. Project indicates intention to partner with a tile manufactuer who would use captured CO\u2082 in a curing process. If CO\u2082 is stored via utilization, it should be ensured that only one party takes credit for each ton of captured and utilized CO\u2082." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": 800.0, "units": "$/tCO\u2082", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Price is set up as as an upper bound. If actual capture costs are lower, project will deliver additional tons as allowed by the total purchase price." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Publications on specific techology are not yet available, but project provides a reasonably thorough description of proposal and technology." } ], "tags": [ "dac", "mineralization" ], "id": "STRP053", "description": "Modular and low-temperature direct air capture.", "applicant": "Praan", "rating": "2", "keywords": "", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Mumbai, India" }, "source": { "name": "Stripe Fall 2021 Negative Emissions Purchase", "id": "STRP02", "date": "12-15-2021", "license": "CC-BY-4.0", "url": "https://github.com/stripe/carbon-removal-source-materials" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "12-15-21", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://www.praan.io/" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from the atmosphere electrochemically.", "comment": "Project uses a novel material to capture and release CO\u2082 via redox reactions, and indicates the intention for captured CO\u2082 to be used in the production of materials. Project indicates CO2 will be mineralized, but utilization partners have not yet been identified. Basic capture technology is discussed in literature, but is very early stage." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 360.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Project offers 360 gross tCO\u2082 from the operation of four new DAC plants in 2024.", "comment": "Volume is based on the deployment of four new DAC plants with the capacity to capture 90 tCO\u2082 / year each, with CO\u2082 mineralization for use in materials performed by a partner. The proposed DAC technology uses redox reactions to capture and release CO\u2082. There is not enough information available about this early stage DAC technology to validate the offered volume." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": 0.987, "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Project reports 3.7 tCO\u2082 emissions for 360 tCO\u2082 removal. Reported ratio includes embodied emissions for DAC plant materials, as well as emissions from electricty use.", "comment": "Lifecycle boundaries are clearly defined, but currently exclude the storage solution pending the identification of a CO\u2082 utilization partner. Literature supports the claimed low energy use compared to alternative DAC technologies. Reported energy use assumes access to renewable electricity at 0.00998 kg CO2 per MJ. Project indicates plans to perform a more thorough LCA." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 1000.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Project claims >10000 years of permanence.", "comment": "Contigent on the identification of a partners who would mineralize and utilize captured CO\u2082, successful mineralization produces reliable, effectively permanent carbon storage. Since this partnership is yet to be formed, and since mineralization and utilization emissions are not included in the project's LCA (see negativity for more details), we consider the proposed storage solution outside the scope of this proposal and do not validate the claimed permanence." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "The only reason to implement the direct air capture portion of this project is to generate climate benefits. If CO\u2082 is stored via utilization, it should be ensured that only one party takes credit for each ton of captured and utilized CO\u2082." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": 500.0, "units": "$/tCO\u2082", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Reasonably thorough and well-cited description of general project and planned partnerships. Public data or publications regarding the specific novel DAC approach would enable further validation." } ], "tags": [ "dac", "mineralization" ], "id": "STRP061", "description": "Direct air capture and utilization. ", "applicant": "RedoxNRG", "rating": "2", "keywords": "", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Estonia" }, "source": { "name": "Stripe Fall 2021 Negative Emissions Purchase", "id": "STRP02", "date": "12-15-2021", "license": "CC-BY-4.0", "url": "https://github.com/stripe/carbon-removal-source-materials" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "12-15-21", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://www.redoxnrg.com/" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from the atmosphere using a solid sorbent. Captured carbon dioxide is geologically sequestered in mineral form.", "comment": "Project is developing a modular system for air capture using a novel alkali-based sorbent. At this stage they have completed material and lab testing, but do not yet have a pilot unit. Project differentiators include low cost for sorbent and fast adsorbtion/desorbtion rates." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 3500.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Project offers 3500 gross tCO\u2082 from the operation of demonstration unit from Dec 2023 - Dec 2024.", "comment": "Volume is based on the construction and operation of a demonstration scale project capturing 10 tCO\u2082 per day for 1 year (assuming 350 days / year). The sorbent and capture process are currently being lab tested at bench scale, however very limited documentation has been provided publicly. Overall, the project implementation and empirical demonstration of the approach are too early stage to validate volume." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": 0.9, "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Project reports emissions of 350 tCO\u2082 for 3500 tCO\u2082 removal. Emissions include hardware and raw materials, energy needed, and compression and geologic storage of the sequestered CO\u2082.", "comment": "Lifecycle boundaries are clearly defined. LCA numbers are detailed, though approximate, and not thoroughly cited. Emission estimates assume access to carbon-free electricity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 1000.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project claims at least 1000 years", "comment": "Proposal would inject supercritical CO\u2082 into a dolomite/limestone resevoir. Successful mineralization produces reliable, effectively permanent carbon storage. The proposal describes an injection partner, but does not name this partner or provide specifics." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "The only reason to implement a project like this is to generate climate benefits." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": 777.78, "units": "$/tCO\u2082", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Price offered to Stripe appears to be justified based on the stated range of costs for operating the 10 tpd pilot unit. That range is $500 - $1500/ton. The original price in the proposal was $700 / ton of gross removal. We report this price adjusted here to reflect the cost per ton of net removal." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "No additional citations or third party documentation provided other than two patent application. Unfortunately, we were not able to find the content of these applications from the US Patent and Trademark Office at the time of this review, thus they were not considered in this evaluation." } ], "tags": [ "dac", "mineralization" ], "id": "STRP055", "description": "Direct air capture and geologic injection. ", "applicant": "Sustaera", "rating": "3", "keywords": "", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "North Carolina, USA" }, "source": { "name": "Stripe Fall 2021 Negative Emissions Purchase", "id": "STRP02", "date": "12-15-2021", "license": "CC-BY-4.0", "url": "https://github.com/stripe/carbon-removal-source-materials" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "12-15-21", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://www.sustaera.com/" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon dioxide using enhanced rock weathering. Proposed project is implemented via applying pellitized olivine to agricultural fields. Depending on sediment transfer, olivine weathering can result in alkalization of runoff and/or formation of carbonate precipitates, both of which remove carbon from the atmosphere.", "comment": "Project proposes several scenarios where olivine is sourced, processed into pellets, and applied to agricultural fields for carbon removal and eventual storage in the deep ocean from water cycle run off. Not known over relevant time scales whether final form of carbon is carbonate precipitates or dissolved bicarbonate." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 1000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project offers 1000 gross tons of C02 from the use of 1083 t of ore, corresponding to a ratio of 0.923 t CO\u2082 removed for 1 t ore.", "comment": "Volume is based on 0.923 t CO\u2082 removed for 1 t ore. This ratio can generally range from 0.61 (assuming 94% magnesium and only precipitation of carbonate minerals) to 1.25 (assuming 100% magnesium and all dissolved bicarbonates). Thus, the ratio claimed in the proposal falls within a plausible range. Proposal provides substantial literature to support overall project feasability. Uncertainty is noted with regard to timing of reaction, which may impact volume in terms of what is delivered at the end of the contract, but does not present contingency to the delivery of offered volume. While Eion offers both an agricultural input product and a project management service, our validation only considers the mineralization product itself." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": 0.949, "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Project reports 51 tons CO\u2082 emissions for 1000 tCO\u2082 removal.", "comment": "Lifecycle boundaries include quarry, transport, mill, and application, measuring both \"capital carbon\" and \"operational carbon\". The proposal mentions a third-party LCA that reviewed their benchmarking. Project limits LCA to what they could collect data on, and provides additional documentation in their appendix. Changes to procurement scenarios and uncertainties in project application location may impact negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 1000.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project claims 4,500-125,000 years permanence.", "comment": "Successful mineralization produces reliable, effectively permanent carbon storage. Proposal provides detailed information on durability estimations and risks to durability. Proposal also describes additional, potentially novel verification strategies using rare earth minerals. Uncertainties in project location may need to be taken into account." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "The only reason to implement a project like this is to generate climate benefits." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": 500.0, "units": "$/tCO\u2082", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Price offered is approximately half their current project costs." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Thorough project proposal with calculations and citations included. Includes a more detailed appendix with additional LCA information and descriptions of soil test results." } ], "tags": [ "mineralization", "olivine" ], "id": "STRP056", "description": "Olivine mineralization in agricultural applications. ", "applicant": "Eion Corp", "rating": "4", "keywords": "", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Princeton, NJ and Berkeley, CA" }, "source": { "name": "Stripe Fall 2021 Negative Emissions Purchase", "id": "STRP02", "date": "12-15-2021", "license": "CC-BY-4.0", "url": "https://github.com/stripe/carbon-removal-source-materials" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "12-15-21", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Business Directory", "url": "https://www.dnb.com/business-directory/company-profiles.eion_corp.c300f040f3b70cd2ba87f619b617c01b.html" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 3.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project stores carbon by injecting CO\u2082 into ocean basalt formations for geologic storage in mineral form.", "comment": "Project proposes a novel demonstration of injecting supercritical CO\u2082 into ocean basalts for geologic storage via mineralization. Since the source of CO\u2082 for the demonstration project is not specified, we do not classify this project as removal nor avoided emissions. The proposed storage solution could become part of a carbon removal pathway if coupled with direct air capture, as project indicates an intention to pursue. The basic components of this storage technology \u2013 CO\u2082 injection and CO\u2082 mineralization in basalts \u2013 are well established. The demonstration injection will culminate a multi-year feasibility study, serving as a proof-of-concept, advancing research, and building on previous demonstrations of geologic injection and mineralization on land." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 10000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Proposed demonstration injection would result in the geologic storage of 10,000 tCO\u2082. Demonstration project is planned to occur over an 8 week period before the end of 2025.", "comment": "Project will inject supercritical CO\u2082 into ocean basalts for mineralization. The proposed injection rate and the total volume seem plausible based on existing offshore drilling technology and CO\u2082-Enhanced Oil Recovery projects, but are notably higher than the previous demonstrations of CO\u2082 injection for mineralization. Project has clear monitoring plans, technology, and scientific capacity in place to track injection outcomes, including the extent and rate of CO\u2082 mineralization. Since project is still in its early stages and would be the first demonstration of geologic storage via injection into ocean basalts, we do not validate this volume." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": 0.66, "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Project reports 3400 tCO\u2082 emissions associated with the demonstration injection of 10,000 tCO\u2082. Emissions include the transportation and injection of CO\u2082.", "comment": "The lifecycle boundary reported narrowly reflects the emissions associated with the proposed demonstration injection and excludes the upstream emissions associated with capturing and compressing CO\u2082. As such, it should not be compared directly to the negativity of other carbon removal pathways. Emission estimates are detailed, though approximate. Project indicates plans to perform a full LCA in the future." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 1000.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project claims >10,000 year permanence.", "comment": "Mineralization of CO\u2082 injected into land-based basalt formations has been demonstrated, but this would be the first demonstration of injection and mineralization in offshore basalts. Successful mineralization produces reliable, effectively permanent carbon storage. Behavior of CO\u2082 at depth provides a backstop for permanence claim. Project presents clear monitoring plans to track the fate of injected CO\u2082." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "The only reason to implement a project like this is to generate climate benefits. Since this is a storage-only solution, care should be taken that no double counting occurs with carbon capture partners." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": 2000.0, "units": "$/tCO\u2082", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Price should not be directly compared to other carbon removal pathways as project is demonstrating the storage component only." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Thorough description of project is provided, with clear citations regarding basic technologies and relevant research performed to date. An extensive feasibility study is underway (2019-2023). Public data from the feasibility study and pilot injection will enable further validation." } ], "tags": [ "mineralization", "injection" ], "id": "STRP054", "description": "CO\u2082 storage via offshore geologic injection and mineralization. ", "applicant": "Solid Carbon", "rating": "3", "keywords": "ocean", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Cascadia Basin, Canada " }, "source": { "name": "Stripe Fall 2021 Negative Emissions Purchase", "id": "STRP02", "date": "12-15-2021", "license": "CC-BY-4.0", "url": "https://github.com/stripe/carbon-removal-source-materials" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "12-15-21", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://solidcarbon.ca/" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 3.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project stores carbon by injecting CO\u2082 in olivine-rich mantle perodotite for geologic storage in mineral form.", "comment": "Project stores CO\u2082 by injecting dissolved CO\u2082 into mantle peridotites for mineralization. The basic components of this storage technology \u2013 CO\u2082 injection and CO\u2082 mineralization in reaction with peridotite \u2013 are well established. This project proposes to build the first demonstration-scale facility of CO\u2082 storage via injection into peridotite, building on an ongoing pilot-scale injection of the same type. Storage capcity purchased from the project will be provided for free to DAC companies, forming part of a full carbon removal pathway. Since only the storage is offered here, we do not categorize this project as carbon removal." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 2920.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Proposed injection would result in the geologic storage of 2920 tCO\u2082. Injection is planned to occur between Feb 2023 and Feb 2024, but the mineralization is hypothesized to be happening in ~one year after.", "comment": "Project will inject dissolved CO\u2082 into a perodotite aquifer for mineralization. The proposed injection rate seems plausible based on previous demonstrations of land-based injection of dissolved CO\u2082 for mineralization, and a pilot injection has already been performed by the project. Project describes a general monitoring plan, but public data from the pilot injection is not yet released." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": 0.987, "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Project reports 38 tCO\u2082 emission for 2920 tCO\u2082 stored. Emission estimate is from the energy used to inject and pressurize the fluid, assuming 50% solar PV and 50% biodiesel.", "comment": "The lifecycle boundary only includes the emission from CO\u2082 injection and storage. The demo facility's embodied emission are also excluded. If this storage technology were to become part of a full carbon removal pathway, a broader boundary including emissions associated with the CO\u2082 capture would need to be drawn for comparison to other carbon removal solutions. Reported emission estimates are detailed, though approximate, with references for key components. The proposal indicates a currently ongoing 3rd party LCA for the pilot plant." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 1000.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project claims >10,000 year permanence", "comment": "The proposed solubility trap and successful mineralization produces reliable, effectively permanent carbon storage. The project references a currently ongoing pilot scale study albeit with no specific data related to the dissolution and mineralization rate. Mineralization of CO\u2082 injected into land-based basalt formations has been demonstrated in other studies." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "The only reason to implement a project like this is to generate climate benefits. Since this is a storage-only solution, care should be taken that no double counting occurs with carbon capture partners." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": 170.0, "units": "$/tCO\u2082", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Price should not be directly compared to other carbon removal pathways as project is demonstrating the storage component only. Effectively, a purchase from this project subsidizes the cost for a DAC solution looking to procure storage. It does not, however, represent the cost of carbon removal." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Project provides a reasonably thorough description of proposal and technology, though not a lot of quantified data is publicly available. Most citations are based on the work of 2 researchers, who are also part of the scientific committee of the company." } ], "tags": [ "mineralization", "injection" ], "id": "STRP057", "description": "CO\u2082 storage via injection and mineralization in peridotite. ", "applicant": "44.01", "rating": "4", "keywords": "", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Oman" }, "source": { "name": "Stripe Fall 2021 Negative Emissions Purchase", "id": "STRP02", "date": "12-15-2021", "license": "CC-BY-4.0", "url": "https://github.com/stripe/carbon-removal-source-materials" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "12-15-21", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://www.4401.earth/" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 3.0, "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Project stores carbon by reacting limestone, CO\u2082, and water to produce a calcium bicarbonate solution that is added to the ocean.", "comment": "Fundamentally, project describes a storage solution that takes an unspecified source of concentrated CO\u2082 and stores it as calcium bicarbonate in the ocean. While this could theoretically result in carbon storage, project provides very few specifics on how the the system will operate, making it difficult to validate." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 1000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Project offers 1000 gross tCO\u2082 based on the deployment of a hypothetical facility with a capacity of 1000 tCO\u2082 / y, operating from 2022-2023.", "comment": "Volume is based on the capacity of a production unit that has yet to be deployed, leaving uncertainties around the actual capacity and efficiency of the working system. Very few details are provided around the underlying processes." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": 0.91, "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Project reports 90 tCO\u2082 emissions for 1000 tCO\u2082 stored in a calcium bicarbonate solution.", "comment": "The lifecycle boundary is clearly defined, but not enough detail is given about the proposed process to validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 1000.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project claims a durability of 20,000 years.", "comment": "Project is vague with respect to the specific details of their process, but claims effectively permanent storage of carbon in dissolved bicarbonate. Bicarbonate has a residence time in the ocean of tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of years." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "The only reason to implement a project like this is to generate climate benefits." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": 420.0, "units": "$/tCO\u2082", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Very little detail beyond the basic mechanism and what appear to be rough, estimated project parameters." } ], "tags": [ "ocean", "mineralization" ], "id": "STRP058", "description": "Accelerated limestone weathering. ", "applicant": "Cquestr8", "rating": "2", "keywords": "", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Unspecified" }, "source": { "name": "Stripe Fall 2021 Negative Emissions Purchase", "id": "STRP02", "date": "12-15-2021", "license": "CC-BY-4.0", "url": "https://github.com/stripe/carbon-removal-source-materials" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "12-15-21", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "", "url": "" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Project proposes to treat the salty effluent of a desalination plant to extract acidity (as HCl), and then spray this alkalinized solution through a sea contactor where it mixes with seawater and precipitates carbonates. The solid carbonates and the solution are returned to the ocean.", "comment": "Project offers carbon removal based on the volume of precipitated carbon, but this mechanism does not guarantee net carbon removal because precipitation also decreases the ocean's capacity to store atmospheric carbon. The proposal could result in net carbon removal if it increases the ocean's capacity to store carbon, which depends on the alkalinity of the effluent. Because project does not characterize the alkalinity of its effluent, we do not validate the proposed mechanism. Project claims that the solution is well tested and understood at the 1 tCO\u2082/yr scale. A new pilot facility developed in the next 12 months will test all components of the full system, with several areas of uncertainty, especially around the sea contactor." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 150.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Project offers 150 gross tCO\u2082 based on the deployment of a new pilot facility, to be delivered between August 2022 and January 2023.", "comment": "Volume is based on the quantity of precipitated carbon, which is not equivalent to atmospheric carbon removal." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": 0.946, "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Project reports 8.1 tCO\u2082 emitted for 150 tCO\u2082 of gross removal. Emissions are based primarily on the renewable electricity to drive alkalinization, seawater concentration, and pumping seawater for mineralization in the sea contactor.", "comment": "Lifecycle boundaries are clearly defined, and component emissions are approximate. Embodied emissions and transportation emissions appear to be excluded. The fact that a complete version of the system has yet to be deployed makes validation difficult." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 1000.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Project claims a durability of millions of years.", "comment": "Project characterizes the permanence of precipitated carbon \u2013 carbon removed from the ocean \u2013 which provides effectively permanent carbon storage. However, the project's net carbon removal depends on the alkalinity of the effluent, which impacts the ocean's capacity to store carbon. Because project does not characterize the alkalinity of its effluent, nor the permanence of the carbon removed from the atmosphere as a result, we do not validate the claimed permanence." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "The only reason to implement a project like this is to generate climate benefits. Although the HCl recovered in the process could potentially be sold, this is not otherwise a particular cost effective means of HCL production." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": 250.0, "units": "$/tCO\u2082", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Cost is based on a demo-scale system with a capacity of 1 tCO\u2082/year, projected to the capacity of a production system." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Gaps remain with respect to describing a complete production system, and described mechanism appears to misaligned with basic science about which part of the process results in carbon removal." } ], "tags": [ "ocean", "alkalinity" ], "id": "STRP059", "description": "Seawater alkalinization and carbonate precipitation.", "applicant": "Heimdal", "rating": "1", "keywords": "", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Hawaii, USA" }, "source": { "name": "Stripe Fall 2021 Negative Emissions Purchase", "id": "STRP02", "date": "12-15-2021", "license": "CC-BY-4.0", "url": "https://github.com/stripe/carbon-removal-source-materials" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "12-15-21", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://www.heimdalccu.com/" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon by increasing ocean alkalinity, which increases the capacity of the ocean to uptake and store atmospheric carbon.", "comment": "Project proposes using low-carbon electricity to pump seawater out of the ocean and produce from it an acid (HCl) and a base (NaOH) via bipolar membrane electrodialysis. Project proposes to release the base back into the ocean, thereby increasing ocean alkaliny and causing increased uptake and storage of atmospheric CO\u2082. Tests have been performed in a lab, with the first deployment targeted for March 2022." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 294.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Project offers 294 gross tCO\u2082 removal from the operation of a planned unit operating at 50% capacity from 2023-2024.", "comment": "This project influences the equilibrium of a system that stores carbon rather than removing and storing particular molecules of carbon directly. Volume is based on the assumption that 0.8 mol CO\u2082 is captured per mol NaOH returned to the ocean. This claimed relationship falls within a plausible range, but depends in practice on oceanic carbon cycle fluxes and local seawater chemistry, and plans for measurement of volume are vague. The production unit has yet to be deployed, leaving uncertainties around the actual capacity and efficiency of the working system." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": 0.874, "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Project reports 37 tCO\u2082 emitted for a project with 294 tCO\u2082 removed, based on an initial deployment. Emissions primarily come from electricity and HCI transport. Assumes a grid electricity with emissions intensity of 0.075 tCO\u2082/MWh. Electricity-related emissions could change in future deployments.", "comment": "Reasonably detailed explanation of system boundary, specific emission sources, and justication for emissions estimates. However, the fact that a complete version of the system has yet to be deployed makes validation difficult. A third-party LCA has been commissioned and is underway." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 1000.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project claims 10,000 to 100,000 years of permanence.", "comment": "Since this project influences the equilibrium of a system that stores carbon rather than directly removing and storing particular molucules of carbon, we consider permanence as the duration of an effect on the system. Alkalinity enhancement should improve the ocean's ability to store carbon for tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of years." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "The only reason to implement a project like this is to generate climate benefits. Although the HCl recovered in the process could potentially be sold, this is not otherwise a particular cost effective means of HCl production." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": 1950.0, "units": "$/tCO\u2082", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Cost is projected based on the projected 200 tCO\u2082/y cumulative capacity scale of an initial deployment, and the associated cost components." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Reasonably thorough description of the basic project components, but given that the first deployment has yet to occur, several gaps remain with respect to describing a complete production system." } ], "tags": [ "ocean", "alkalinity" ], "id": "STRP060", "description": "Seawater alkalinization. ", "applicant": "Ebb Carbon", "rating": "3", "keywords": "", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "California, USA" }, "source": { "name": "Stripe Fall 2021 Negative Emissions Purchase", "id": "STRP02", "date": "12-15-2021", "license": "CC-BY-4.0", "url": "https://github.com/stripe/carbon-removal-source-materials" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "12-15-21", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Video", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=950SLzuAuCo&ab_channel=OpenAir" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in farmer owned trees.", "comment": "Project partners with well-established agroforestry organizations to plant trees in agroforestry systems on small farms." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 500.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 500 tCO\u2082 removal from an unknown project area. The offered volume is just a portion of the total carbon benefits attributed to the project. Seller claims a 10% buffer is maintained to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "There is not enough information to validate this volume. See Specificity comment." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 10.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Seller claims 10 year permanence.", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information on specific projects to evaluate additionality." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "The only public documentation currently available is the application to the Microsoft 2021 Carbon Removal RFP." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "reforestation" ], "id": "MSFT001", "description": "Empowering smallholder farmers with agroforestry through the Acorn project.", "applicant": "Co\u00f6peratieve Rabobank", "rating": "1", "keywords": "Acorn", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Brazil" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://www.rabobank.com/en/about-rabobank/innovation/acorn/index.html?utm_campaign=5e553208da14180001c04fab&utm_content=6013de4b92a93e00014cfa13&utm_medium=smarpshare&utm_source=linkedin" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in urban trees.", "comment": "Project pursues urban reforestation in Philadelphia, planting trees on private and Municipal Parks and Recreation land." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 2534.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 2,534 tCO\u2082 removal over an unknown project area. A buffer pool will be used to mitigate against reversals; size and methodology are for determining the buffer pool are not specified.", "comment": "There is not enough information to validate this volume. See Specificity comment." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 25.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 25 year permanence.", "comment": "No information regarding the projects' contractual commitments is available." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "In 2019, the City of Philadephia launched a 10-year campaign to restore 30% of the city's tree canopy. More information is needed to understand the additionality of this project in relation to the city's campaign. It appears that the project proponent has full funding for the upcoming pilot project plantings. Purchasing these credits be better characterized as an investment in the maintanence of the pilot plantings or financing future projects. Overall, there is not enough information to evaluate additionality." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "The only public documentation currently available for this project is the application to the Microsoft 2021 Carbon Removal RFP, which is lacking key details for validation." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "reforestation" ], "id": "MSFT002", "description": "Revitalizing Philadelphia\u2019s natural areas.", "applicant": "Cambium Carbon", "rating": "1", "keywords": "", "methods": "Involved parties include Cambium Carbon, the City of Philadelphia Parks and Recreation, and potentially large private landowners. Project term is 2021 onward, other key project details not available. Project may be relavent to the City of Philadelphia's [Future of the Urban Forest plan](https://www.phila.gov/2019-12-05-city-kicks-off-future-of-the-urban-forest-planning-process/#:~:text=The%2010%2Dyear%20Future%20of,map%20Philadelphia%27s%20current%20tree%20cover.&text=The%20process%20to%20create%20Philadelphia%27s,take%2012%20to%2018%20months.). Project appears to be following the [City Forest Credit protocol](https://www.cityforestcredits.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/City-Forest-Credits-Planting-Protocol-V8-20200906.pdf).", "location": { "name": "Pennsylvania, USA" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://www.cambiumcarbon.com/" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in soils.", "comment": "Project introduces planned rotational grazing on grasslands to enable recovery of perennial grasses and increase soil organic carbon. Grazing impacts on soil carbon may be dependent on local climate patterns." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 3000000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 3,000,000 tCO\u2082 removal from a ~2 million ha project area. The offered volume is just a portion of the total carbon benefits attributed to the project. Project does not specify a strategy for mitigating against reversals.", "comment": "Seller claims removal rate 0.6-1.0 tCO\u2082/ha/yr from an increase in soil organic carbon (SOC). Project uses the SNAP model of soil carbon dynamics to estimate removal volume, trained on a set of up to 233, 20cm soil cores across the 2 million ha project area. Model is calibrated with ground-truthed sampling every 6-10 years. Given the spatial heterogeneity SOC can exhibit, and the sensitivity of measured SOC to sampling depth, we cannot validate this volume." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 21.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Seller claims 30 year permanence.", "comment": "Project lifetime appears to be 30 years (2012-2042) with 21 years remaining, which we report as the permanence. Permanence is contigent on social adherence to planned grazing patterns; historical degradation and SOC loss could reoccur with a reversion to unplanned grazing." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "Counterfactual is continuous, unplanned grazing.", "comment": "Project activities started in 2012, and all participating conservancies adopted rotational grazing by 2015. The credits offered are not clearly vintaged, leading to the concern the carbon benefits sold in this offer could have been generated up to 9 years ago." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Project is formally listed on Verra as VCS1468. Project details and quantification methodologies are well documented." } ], "tags": [ "soil", "grazing" ], "id": "MSFT003", "description": "Sequestering carbon through sustainable grasslands mangement in Kenya.", "applicant": "NativeEnergy", "rating": "1", "keywords": "", "methods": "Involved parties include Native, a Public Benefit Corporation (applicant), The Northern Rangelands Trust, 13 Nature conservancies in northern Kenya, The Nature Conservancy (TNC), and Soils for the Future LLC (soil carbon project consultant). Project area is ~2 million ha, project term and crediting period are 2012-2042. Project claims 0.6-1.0 tCO\u2082/ha/yr in the Microsoft proposal, and 0.3-0.7 tCO\u2082/ha/yr in the draft design document in the Verra registry. Soil Organic Carbon is the only credited carbon pool, and is estimated using the SNAP model, a five parameter model that includes grazing intensity, lignin and cellulose content of above ground biomass, % sand in soil, and mean annual precipitation. Model is calibrated with 20cm soil samples every 8-10 years at 233 permanent sampling stations.", "location": { "name": "Kenya" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://native.eco/project/northern-kenya-rangelands-project/" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in forests.", "comment": "Project establishes native forests on degraded savannah and dry grasslands." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 30033.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 30,033 tCO\u2082 removal from a 182 ha project area, with 219 tCO\u2082 offered in FY2021. A buffer pool will be used to mitigate against reversals using the VCS methodology.", "comment": "Project claims removal rate 6.6 tCO\u2082/ha/yr. More detail regarding tree species and growth assumptions would be necessary for validation." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project-level emissions reflect planting and monitoring activities, in addition to project electricity, air travel for project staff, and shipping for project materials.", "comment": "High ratio is consistent with similar projects. Project-level emissions and estimation methodologies are well-specified." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 100.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 100 year permanence.", "comment": "Socioeconomic risks are significant due to the risk of default or bankruptcy on this time horizon." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Project partners with conservation NGO to scale up production of seedlings." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Reasonable project detail available in application to the Microsoft 2021 Carbon Removal RFP." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "reforestation" ], "id": "MSFT004", "description": "Reforestation in the Lake Albert Region of Uganda.", "applicant": "Terraformation", "rating": "2", "keywords": "", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Uganda" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://www.terraformation.com/blog/new-partner-uganda-environmental-defenders" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Avoids emissions from combined heat and power plant, and instead captures it for geologic sequestration.", "comment": "Project seeks to add carbon capture and storage to an existing biomass combined heat and power plant. Carbon will be captured from exhaust, condensed, compressed, shipped to the North Sea, and injected into bedrock. From a narrow lifecycle perspective, project only avoids CO\u2082 emissions. From a broad perspective, the same mechanism forms a carbon removal pathway when coupled to biomass production." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 9000000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 9,000,000 tCO\u2082 removal via an offtake agreement starting in 2006.", "comment": "Project is still in the planning phase, and results of a feasibility study are not yet available. Seller claims the project will have a the capacity to remove 650,000 tCO\u2082/yr implying this offer corresponds to ~14 years of operation." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "Negativity is a key parameter for evaluating BECCS projects. Available project information indicates that lifecycle analysis includes electricity needed for carbon capture, transportation and injection. Possible uses of injection for enhanced oil recovery would affect overall lifecycle emissions. Not enough information is provided to calculate the negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 1000.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Seller claims 10,000 year permanence.", "comment": "Successful geologic sequestration produces reliable, effectively permanent carbon storage." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "Operation of the combined heat and power plant without carbon capture and storate (CCS).", "comment": "This project is likely additioinal, but specifics depend on the economics of any applicable tax credits or policy incentives." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Few data on project specifics in proposal or online. No references or third-party analyses available yet for life cycle analysis." } ], "tags": [ "biomass", "injection" ], "id": "MSFT005", "description": "Negative emissions with BECCS on a CHP Plant.", "applicant": "Biorecro", "rating": "2", "keywords": "BECCS", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Iglesta, Sweden" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "http://www.biorecro.com/?page=main" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Avoids emissions from an ethanol plant, and instead captures it for geologic sequestration.", "comment": "Project seeks to add carbon capture and storage to an existing ethanol plant. Carbon will be captured from ethonal fermentation process, condensed and dehydrated, piped one mile, and injected into bedrock. From a narrow lifecycle perspective, project only avoids CO\u2082 emissions. From a broad perspective, the same mechanism forms a carbon removal pathway when coupled to biomass production." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 4000000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Seller offers 4,000,000 tCO\u2082 removal total, with 500,000 tCO\u2082 offered in FY2021.", "comment": "Seller claims the project is currently removing 0.5-1M tCO\u2082/yr from a DOE-funded pilot project, which seems feasible based on the technology. This implies that the total offer is equivalent to 4-8 years of project operation." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "Negativity is a key parameter for evaluating BECCS projects. Project boundaries for lifecycle analysis include carbon capture and storage components, but not biomass sourcing, ethanol production, or ethanol use. Not enough information is provided to calculate the negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 1000.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Seller claims 10,000 year permanence.", "comment": "Successful geologic sequestration produces reliable, effectively permanent carbon storage. Ample public data is available regarding the injection site, practices and impacts." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "Operation of ethanol plant without carbon capture and storage (CCS).", "comment": "This project is likely additional, but specifics depend on the economics of any applicable tax credits or policy incentives. This particular carbon capture and storage project has been discussed in the context of California's Low Carbon Fuel Standard, a compliance market designed to decrease the carbon intensity of California's transportation fuel." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Extensive data available for the initial phases of this project, including the pilot injection period (2011-2014) and post-injection monitoring (2014-2021). Information regarding current operation of the CCS facility and specifics regarding the offered removal volume are lacking." } ], "tags": [ "biomass", "injection" ], "id": "MSFT006", "description": "Negative emissions with BECCS on an ethanol plant.", "applicant": "Biorecro", "rating": "3", "keywords": "BECCS", "methods": "Involved parties include Biorecro, MGSC and Associates, Archer Daniels Midland Company, and Schlumberger Carbon Services. Removal capacity is 0.5-1M tCO\u2082/yr, crediting period is 2026 onwards, injection site is Mt. Simon Sandstone saline formation (>2000 m deep) with a Class VI storage permit. Carbon capture is performed emissions from ethanol production plant. [Early phases](https://www.midwestccus.org/mgsc-transitions-to-mrci/) of this project are [well-documented](https://carbon.americangeosciences.org/vufind/Content/about) and injected ~1M tCO\u2082 from 2011-2014.", "location": { "name": "Illinois, USA" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "http://www.sequestration.org/mgscprojects/deepsalinestorage.html" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Removes carbon from the atmosphere using a liquid solvent. Captured carbon dioxide is either stored via geologic injection or used for enhanced oil recovery.", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 250000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Seller offers 250,000 tCO\u2082 from a DAC plant that will be constructed starting in 2024.", "comment": "The proposed plant is designed to capture 1M tCO\u2082/year in the Permian Basin, with expected use of the captured carbon for enhanced oil recovery. A schematic for a deployment of Carbon Engineering's technology at this scale was published in a peer reviewed paper from 2018, alongside data from a pilot project. If executed as modeled, the offered removal volume seems plausible. See Negativity for additional discussion on net CO\u2082 removal." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "Negativity is a key parameter for evaluating DAC projects, and is dependent on project-specific characteristics such as the carbon intensity of the energy source and the end use of the captured CO\u2082. Project indicates that captured CO\u2082 will be used for EOR. There is not enough public information available to calculate negativity for this project." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 1000.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Seller claims 100 year permanence.", "comment": "Successful geological injection produces reliable, effectively permanent carbon storage." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Use of captured CO\u2082 for EOR introduces questions about the appropriate baseline against which a carbon payment scenario should be credited. Project has also indicated it is considering participating in the Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) compliance program. If it were to participate, any tons that received LCFS credits and were also offered in the voluntary market would be non-additional. Because LCFS is a compliance program, this would be a case of double counting. Conversely, tons that do not receive LCFS credits would likely be additional because of the high cost and dedicated purpose of DAC." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Basic technology is well understood through both demonstrations and published litearture. Site-specific LCA details are not publicly available." } ], "tags": [ "dac", "injection" ], "id": "MSFT007", "description": "Direct air capture and storage by using Carbon Engineering technology.", "applicant": "South Pole", "rating": "3", "keywords": "Carbon Engineering", "methods": "Involved parties include South Pole Carbon Asset Management Ltd. (applicant), and 1PointFive(project implementer), a development company formed by Oxy Low Carbon Ventures + Rusheen Capital Management. Project term is 2024 onward, removal capacity will be 1M tCO\u2082/yr using a potassium hydroxide solvent, technology could be powered by either electricity of NGCC, injection will be performed by Occidental, other key details are not available. Plant will use Carbon Engineering technology [(Keith et al., 2018)](https://www.cell.com/joule/fulltext/S2542-4351(18)30225-3). Plant will be eligible to participate in LCFS.", "location": { "name": "Texas, USA" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." }, { "date": "03-30-2021", "note": "Minor changes to improve readability of volume and negativity comments." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://www.1pointfive.com/" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "CO\u2082 is mineralized in reaction with industrial waste materials to create Manufactured LimeStone.", "comment": "From a narrow lifecycle perspective, project only avoids CO\u2082 emissions. From a broad perspective, the same technology would form a carbon removal pathway if coupled to a biogenic CO\u2082 emissions source or a direct air capture facility." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 44000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 44,000 tCO\u2082 from three operating facilities.", "comment": "Project reports 50,000 tCO\u2082 as an estimate of current annual volume. Mineralization rates are sensitive to the waste materials used in the reaction. Validating this volume would require more specific project parameters or public demonstration data." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "Negativity is a key parameter for evaluating mineralization projects. Project boundaries for lifecycle analysis include emissions related to raw materials, transport of materials, and energy used in the mineralization process. Not enough information is provided to calculate the negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 1000.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Seller claims 50 year permanence, which is the assumed life-cycle of the manufactured limestone.", "comment": "Successful mineralization produces reliable, effectively permanent carbon storage, even after the manufactured building material is de-comissioned." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Manufactured limestone will be purchased and used separate from its carbon removal benefits." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Publications on underlying technology are available. Specifics regarding this particular project, including public LCA insights, are lacking." } ], "tags": [ "mineralization", "aggregate" ], "id": "MSFT008", "description": "Mineralization to produce construction products by O.C.O Technology.", "applicant": "South Pole", "rating": "2", "keywords": "O.C.O. Technology", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "England" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://oco.co.uk/technology/" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project uses wave power to enhance weathering of olivine spread on beaches. Olivine weathering primarily results in ocean alkalization, which removes carbon from the atmosphere.", "comment": "Some uncertainty around whether final form of carbon is dissolved bicarbonate or carbonate precipitates." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 1700017.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 1,700,017 tCO\u2082 net removal from deploying crushed olivine at project sites. This volume appears to correspond to a long-term scaling of this solution.", "comment": "Assuming the stated ratio of 0.95 tCO\u2082 net removal per t of olivine, we infer about 1.8M t of olivine will be procured and deployed. In general uncertainty remains around the actual volume of carbon removal that is likely with this approach, requiring further work to validate." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": 0.95, "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Reported ratio based on 0.05 tCO\u2082 for 1 tCO\u2082 removed, including energy for mining, milling, and transport. Higher negativity ratio than other mineralization projects is due to using wave energy to displace secondary and tertiary grinding of olivine to small particles needed for carbon removal.", "comment": "Boundary conditions well-specified and references documented. Project emissions are well-characterzied, but reported number depends on the successful use of waves for secondary and tertiary grinding, and on the claimed ratio of 1 tCO\u2082 removed for 1 t of olivine, which is conservative in comparison to the upper bound of 1.25 tCO\u2082 per t olivine. Thus, while the estimate is plausible, uncertainty in Volume drives uncertainty in Negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 1000.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Seller claims 10,000 year permanence.", "comment": "Successful mineralization produces reliable, effectively permanent carbon storage." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Project would only be pursued for carbon removal purposes. No intrinsic commerical value." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Project details are well specified. Assumptions are well-cited with public white papers and references. Further detail could be provided in the future through data on pilot deployments." } ], "tags": [ "mineralization", "ocean" ], "id": "MSFT009", "description": "Accelerating olivine weathering with wave power for CO\u2082 removal.", "applicant": "Project Vesta", "rating": "3", "keywords": "olivine", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "California, USA" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "www.projectvesta.org" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "CO\u2082 is mineralized during concrete curing process. Project also reduces emissions associated with conventional concrete production.", "comment": "From a narrow lifecycle perspective, project only avoids CO\u2082 emissions because it sources CO\u2082 from a waste stream. From a broad perspective, the same technology would form a carbon removal pathway if coupled to a biogenic CO\u2082 emissions source or a direct air capture facility." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 90000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 90,000 tCO\u2082, but does not specify the production facility or timeline.", "comment": "Total volume appears to combine avoided emissions from reducing use of cement in concrete production and carbon removal from the CO\u2082 utilization in the curing process. Assuming the claimed ratio of 0.2 tCO\u2082 avoided and 0.1 tCO\u2082 utilized per cubic meter of concrete production, we infer the production of 30,000 cubic meters of concrete. This is a plausible production volume, but validating this breakdown would require more specific project parameters." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "Negativity is a key parameter for evaluating mineralization projects. Not enough information is provided to calculate the negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 1000.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Seller claims 50 year permanence, which is the assumed life-cycle of the manufactured limestone.", "comment": "Successful mineralization produces reliable, effectively permanent carbon storage, even after the manufactured building material is de-comissioned." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Concrete will be purchased and used separate from its carbon removal benefits. Project claims carbon finance is needed to revisit this technology, which was decomissioned because of cost." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Public material regarding the underlying technology is available. Project specifics, including LCA details, are not available." } ], "tags": [ "mineralization", "concrete" ], "id": "MSFT010", "description": "Carbon negative concrete (CO\u2082-SUICOM).", "applicant": "South Pole", "rating": "2", "keywords": "CO\u2082-SUICOM", "methods": "Involved parties include South Pole Carbon (applicant), Kajima Corp (IP holder), Chugoku Electric power (IP holder, flue gas provider), Denka company (IP holder, admixture provider), Landes Co. (IP holder, concrete producer), and Mitsubishi Corp (strategy & marketing). Claimed exchange rate is 0.1 tCO\u2082 removed and 0.2 tCO\u2082 avoided emissions/ cubic meter of concrete produced, project term is 2020 onwards, feedstock is fly ash or slag, other key project details are not available. Underlying technology concept outlined in [Yoshioka et al, 2018](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S187661021300773X).", "location": { "name": "Hiroshima, Japan" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://www.landes.co.jp/product/113" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in forests.", "comment": "Project establishes native dry forests on private lands." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 3926.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Seller offers 3926 tCO\u2082 removal total from a 26 ha project area, with 3 tCO\u2082 removal offered in FY2021. A buffer pool will be used to mitigate against reversals using the VCS methodology.", "comment": "Project claims a removal rate of 6.04 tCO\u2082/ha/yr for reforestation with the anchor species Acacia Koa. This falls within a highly plausible range based on USFS and Hawaii extension service data (2 - 10 tCO\u2082/ha/yr)." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": 0.99, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project-level emissions reflect planting and monitoring activities, in addition to project electricity and air travel for project staff.", "comment": "High ratio is consistent with similar projects. Project-level emissions and estimation methodolgies are well-specified." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 100.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 100 year permanence.", "comment": "Socioeconomic risks are significant due to the risk of default or bankruptcy on this time horizon." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "Offer includes two project sites. Counterfactual is no afforestation on degraded lands, or continued incursion of invasive species without reforestation, respectively.", "comment": "Project may be additional. More information about the participating landowners and existing land management plans would be useful for further analysis. Project is developing off-grid technologies (e.g. desalination and modular seed banks), which it claims will enable new reforestation opportunities and lower reforestation costs. Data on the efficacy of these technologies would inform further consideration of additionality. This project may be considered an investment in a new technology to lower the cost of reforestation." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Reasonable project detail available from application to the Microsoft 2021 Carbon Removal RFP." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "reforestation" ], "id": "MSFT012", "description": "Reforestation through the Hawai\u02bbi Pathfinder Project.", "applicant": "Terraformation", "rating": "3", "keywords": "Hawaii Pathfinder Projects", "methods": "Involved parties include Terraformation, Pacific Flight LLC (landowner), Future Forests LLC (landowner), Hawai\u2019i Island Seed Bank, and CPM Design and Construction (solar provider). Project claims 3926 tCO\u2082 removal over 26 ha, project term is 2020-2045, claimed growth rate is 6.04 tCO\u2082/ha/year, reforestation anchor species is Acacia koaia. A young Acacia Koa stand can sequester up to 14.67 tCO\u2082/ha/yr (Friday, 2018). Life cycle emissions are calculated using the Greenhouse Gas Protocol Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard, the World Resources Institute emissions calculator (2015), and the US EPA eGRID mobile combustion calculator (v.2.6).", "location": { "name": "Hawaii, USA" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://www.terraformation.com" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in forests, and avoids emissions from forest loss.", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 80000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 80,000 tCO\u2082 removal from changes in forest management over a 14,985.3 acre project area. The offered volume is just a portion of the total carbon benefits attributed to the project. Project contributes 19.2% of carbon benefits generated to a buffer pool to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "Not enough information available to validate the volume. See Specifity comment." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 94.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 100 year permanence.", "comment": "Project must maintain carbon stocks for 100 years following the year of issuance of any carbon credit. We therefore report the permanence for the first credits issued in 2015 (94 years remaining). Socioeconomic risks are significant on this time horizon due to the risk of default or bankruptcy." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "Counterfactual is an aggressive timber harvest regime.", "comment": "Credited project activities began in 2015. Without clear vintaging, the offered carbon benefits could be a much as 6 years old." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Project is formally listed on American Carbon Registry as ACR282 and CAFR5232. This is a compliance project. Thorough project details publicly available through the ACR registry." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "ifm" ], "id": "MSFT014", "description": "Improving timberland management at Blue Creek.", "applicant": "3Degrees", "rating": "1", "keywords": "Blue Creek", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "California, USA" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://acr2.apx.com/mymodule/reg/TabDocuments.asp?r=111&ad=Prpt&act=update&type=PRO&aProj=pub&tablename=doc&id1=282" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from the atmosphere for sequestration in native vegetation.", "comment": "Project discontinues agricultural activity in project area, allows for natural regeneration of native vegetation, and modifies grazing cycles to limit livestock interaction with areas of re-growth." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 175000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Seller offers 175,000 tCO\u2082 removal from allowing natural revegetation over 38,000 ha. 50,000 tCO\u2082 removal are offered in FY2021. The offered volume is just a portion of the total carbon benefits attributed to the project. Project contributes 25% of carbon benefits generated to a buffer pool to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "Project uses the FullCAM model to estimate carbon stock changes over the project lifetime, but model input parameters are not available. The rate of sequestration implied by the total credits awarded to the project thus far (235,299 tCO\u2082 / 38,000ha / 4 years = 1.4 tCO\u2082/ha/yr) falls within the published range for highly productive Mulga forest (1-2 tCO\u2082/ha/yr)." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 24.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Seller claims 24 year permanence.", "comment": "Project appears to have a 25 year lifetime (2020-2045), with 24 years remaining." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to assess additionality. See Specificity comment." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Project is formally listed on Australian Emissions Reduction Fund as ERF104646. Very little project-specific detail available. Key methodologies and carbon models are cited, but input parameters are not provided." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "reforestation" ], "id": "MSFT015", "description": "Assisted regeneration through the Paroo River North Environmental Project.", "applicant": "South Pole", "rating": "2", "keywords": "Paroo River North Environmental Project", "methods": "Involved parties include South Pole Carbon (applicant), and Corporate Carbon Advisory Pty. Ltd. (project manager). Buffer is 25%, project term is 2020-2044, project area reforests 38,000 ha with native vegetation with the anchor species Acacia aneura. Sequestration rate implied by the total credits awarded to the project thus far (235,299 tCO\u2082 / 38,000ha / 4 years = 1.4 tCO\u2082/ha/yr) falls within the [published range](https://www.qld.gov.au/environment/plants-animals/habitats/regrowth/regrowth-guides/mulga/mulga-description) for highly productive Mulga forest (1-2 tCO\u2082/ha/yr). Carbon stock changes are calculated using the FullCAM model. Project specific parameters are not available.", "location": { "name": "Australia" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "http://www.cleanenergyregulator.gov.au/ERF/Pages/Emissions%20Reduction%20Fund%20project%20and%20contract%20registers/Project%20register/ERF-Project-Detailed-View.aspx?ListId=%7B7F242924-BF02-45EE-A289-1ABCC954E9CE%7D&ItemID=706" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in forests, and avoids emissions from forest loss.", "comment": "Project formally protects some forest in no-harvest conservation areas, and modifies commercial harvest patterns and logging practices in other areas." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 500000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 500,000 tCO\u2082 removal from fully protecting or reducing harvest over more than 3.4 million ha of productive forest land in the Great Bear Rainforest. The offered volume is just a portion of the total carbon benefits attributed to the project. A 10% buffer is maintained to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "Seller claims to offer removal only. Since registries do not track removal and avoided emissions as separate types of carbon benefits, there is no way to validate that the removal slice of the project has not already been sold, or will not be sold again in the future. Project includes carbon removal attributed to soil." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "Boundary conditions and emission sources well-specified. However several categories of emissions are not documented, including emissions associated with harvesting activities. Project justifies this exclusion on the basis that project emissions in these categories are expected to be less than in the baseline scenario, and thus excluding them is conservative in their net carbon benefit calculation. As a result, there is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 89.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 125 year permanence.", "comment": "Project appears to be contracted for 100 year permanence (2010-2110), with 89 years remaining. Project activities are established through acts of legislation and may not be altered except through the legislative process, lending some confidence to the long-horizon of the permanence claim. See Additionality comment for consideration of trade-offs." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "Counterfactual is significant logging throughout the project area.", "comment": "It appears as though carbon finance was a key lever in the negotiations that led to the legislation establishing the project activities. Even so, the climate benefits offered by this seller are now required by law, and are therefore not additional." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Project are formally listed on BC Carbon Registry as 104000000011559 / 104000000012798 / 104000000011319. Significant project information available from multiple public sources." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "ifm" ], "id": "MSFT016", "description": "Large-scale IFM through The Great Bear Forest Carbon Project.", "applicant": "NatureBank", "rating": "1", "keywords": "The Great Bear Forest Carbon Project", "methods": "Involved parties include NatureBank Asset Management Inc., Great Bear Carbon Credit Limited Partnership, and Nanwakolas Offset Limited Partnership. Proposal covers three projects corresponding to different management areas with the Great Bear Rainforest. In total, project area is 3.4M ha of productive forest land, buffer is 10%, crediting period is 2010-2035, dominant tree species are Western and Mountain Hemlock, Western Red Cedar, and Sitka Spruce. Project is credited against a baseline harvest scenario that maximizes long-term yield as modeled by STSM (Spatial Timber Supply Model). Project scenario includes some newly protected lands (no harvest), and some working lands with modified management plans (reduced harvest).", "location": { "name": "Canada" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://carbonregistry.gov.bc.ca/br-reg/public/bc/index.jsp?entity=project&sort=project_name&dir=ASC&start=0&acronym=&limit=15&name=Great+Bear&standardId=" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in forests, and avoids emissions from forest loss.", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 240000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 240,000 tCO\u2082 removal from a 23,000 ac project area. Project indicates they plan to contribute to a buffer pool to mitigate against reversals using the ACR methodology.", "comment": "There is not enough information to validate this volume. See Specificity comment." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 40.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 40 year permanence.", "comment": "No information regarding project contractual commitments is available. See Specificity comment." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "No counterfactual is specified.", "comment": "Seller claims that the project consists of 4000 acres of actively tapped sugar maple grove, and 19,000 acres of working forests. It appears that the landowner recieved $3.8M from the USDA Forest Futures program in 2016 to establish a conservation easement over this project area. In addition, landowner has publicly stated that timber harvest is not feasible on the property until 2047-2052. It is not clear from the information available if carbon benefits offered are commensurate with these elements of the project area." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "The only public documentation currently available is the application to the Microsoft 2021 Carbon Removal RFP." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "ifm" ], "id": "MSFT017", "description": "Improved forest management at the Big Six Forest.", "applicant": "Blue Source", "rating": "1", "keywords": "Big Six Forest", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Maine, USA" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://maineanencyclopedia.com/big-six-township/" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for sequestration in forests.", "comment": "Drone technology accelerates post-forest-fire reforestation." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 7324474.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Seller offers up to 7,324,474 tCO\u2082 removal from reforestation of up to 350k acres. A 2% buffer pool will be maintained to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "The offer claims 51.71 tCO\u2082/ha removed over an unspecified time period. According to USFS yield tables for Ponderosa Pine in the Pacific Northwest (East), this per hectare sequestation would be plausible with a crediting period of 20-25 years. Volume claim assumes reforestation approach works as effectively as claimed, including seedling survival rates for which public data or publications are not yet available." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": 0.99, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project reports 27.02 tCO\u2082 for every 2,470 acres reforested, based on a 2019 third party analysis. Emissions include drone fleet operation and transport, all of which are incurred during the planting phase of the project.", "comment": "High ratio is consistent with similar projects and previous reporting. Boundary conditions are well-specified, and components are clearly reported in previous proposals." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 80.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 80 year permanence.", "comment": "Physical risks are unknown as exact location of project is unknown, but could be large given coarse location is Washington state. Socioeconomic risks are significant due to the risk of default or bankruptcy on this time horizon. No information regarding the landowners' contractual commitments to maintain forests is available." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "Counterfactual is reforesting manually or not reforesting at all.", "comment": "This offer is an opportunity to subsidize reforestation for private landowners by buying carbon removal futures. The extent of project area and associated carbon benefits are subject to landowner decision-making. More information regarding the impact of a carbon-finance subsidy on the extent of reforestation would be useful for analyzing additionality. Project indicates plans to confer carbon benefits through the ClimateForward protocol." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Details are provided in this proposal on plan and process, and additional process details and technology available through Stripe 2020 application, but no publications or public data are available on the new technology and its performance in reforestation projects." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "reforestation" ], "id": "MSFT018", "description": "Reforestation using heavy-lift drone swarms and seed enablement.", "applicant": "Droneseed", "rating": "3", "keywords": "", "methods": "Project term is 2020 onward, project area could expand up to 350,000 acres, dominant species for reforestation is primarily Ponderosa Pine with some Douglas Fir and Western Larch. Project does not claim a clear crediting period. We infer a claim of 51.71 tCO\u2082/ha, and compared this to USFS yield tables for Ponderosa Pine in the Eastern Section Pacific Northwest. Standing stock at 25 years is 63.43 tCO\u2082/ha.", "location": { "name": "Washington, USA" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://www.droneseed.com/" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from the atmosphere for sequestration in native forests.", "comment": "Project assists regeneration of native forest on previously barren land." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 175000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 175,000 tCO\u2082 removal from establishing native forests over an unknown project area, with 50,000 tCO\u2082 removal offered in FY2021. The offered volume is just a portion of the total carbon benefits attributed to the project. Project contributes 25% of carbon benefits generated to a buffer pool to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "Project uses the FullCAM model to estimate carbon stock changes over the project lifetime, but model input parameters are not available for verification." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 23.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Seller claims 24 year permanence.", "comment": "Project appears to have a 25 year lifetime (2019-2044), with 23 years remaining from date of review." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to assess additionality. See Specificity comment." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Project is formally listed on Australian Emissions Reduction Fund as ERF119548. Very little project-specific detail available. Key methodologies and carbon models are cited, but input parameters are not provided." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "reforestation" ], "id": "MSFT019", "description": "Assisted regeneration by the Norley Regeneration Project.", "applicant": "South Pole", "rating": "1", "keywords": "Norley Regeneration Project", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Australia" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "http://www.cleanenergyregulator.gov.au/ERF/Pages/Emissions%20Reduction%20Fund%20project%20and%20contract%20registers/Project%20register/ERF-Project-Detailed-View.aspx?ListId=%7B7F242924-BF02-45EE-A289-1ABCC954E9CE%7D&ItemID=797" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from the atmosphere for sequestration in teak plantations.", "comment": "Project establishes teak plantations on previously barren lands and completes to 25-year harvest cycles within the project period." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 240000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 240,000 tCO\u2082 removal over an unknown project area in in Mexico in FY2021. The offered volume is just a portion of the total carbon benefits attributed to the project. A 20% risk buffer pool is set aside to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "This group projected predicted rapid expansion from 2014-2020, however there is no documentation about its actual expansion pattern. Not knowing the project area in question, or the vintage of the offered removal, it is not possible to validate the claimed volume. Grouped project methodology includes carbon removal attributed to soil." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 41.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 42 year permanence.", "comment": "Project lifetime appears to be 54 years (2009-2062), with 41 years remaining." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "Counterfactual specified is continued land use for cattle grazing.", "comment": "Proteak, the project proponent, is the largest forestry company in Mexico. Proteak was establishing analagous teak plantations to those included in this project for seven years leading up to 2009, the beginning of the Verra crediting period, and the project did not register with Verra until 2014. This suggests both that these teak plantations may not require carbon financing to be economically viable, and raises concerns that carbon benefits offered could have been generated up to 12 years ago." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Project is formally listed on Verra as VCS1141. Reasonable project detail available for the pre-2014 project instances, but no documentation available for planned grouped project expansion." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "reforestation" ], "id": "MSFT020", "description": "Establishing teak plantations through the Fresh Breeze Afforestation Project.", "applicant": "South Pole", "rating": "1", "keywords": "Fresh Breeze Afforestation Project", "methods": "Involved parties include South Pole Carbon Asset Management Ltd. and Proteak (project implementer). Buffer is 17%, project term is 2009-2062, plantation species is Tectona grandis, and harvest cycles are 25 years long. Planting for the first growth cycle is completed between 2009 and 2020. Carbon stock changes are calculated using the FullCAM model. Project specific parameters are not available.", "location": { "name": "Mexico" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "http://www.proteak.com/index.php/en/sustainability/carbon-capture" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in forests, and avoids emissions from forest loss.", "comment": "Project allows natural forest growth and performs non-commercial harvests to reduce hazards for recreational forest users." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 125295.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 125,305 tCO\u2082 removal from a 13,536 acre project area, with 49,990 tCO\u2082 available in FY2021. The offered volume is just a portion of the total carbon benefits attributed to the project. Project contributes 16% of carbon benefits generated to a buffer pool to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "Project predicts a sequestration rate of 3.06 tCO\u2082/ha/yr, which falls within a plausible range for oak-hickory hardwood forests in the Northeast according to USFS yield tables. Seller claims to offer removal only. Since registries do not track removal and avoided emissions as separate types of carbon benefits, there is no way to validate that the removal slice of the project has not already been sold, or will not be sold again in the future." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 36.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 40 year permanence.", "comment": "Project appears to have a 40 year lifetime (2017-2057), with 36 years remaining." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "Counterfactual is an aggressive industrial harvest regime.", "comment": "Project area appears to provide significant co-benefits to the three cities who own the land, including protection of drinking water quality and recreation. The counterfactual provided, which includes clear cuts and high-grading throughout the project area, seems highly improbable." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Project is formally listed on American Carbon Registry as ACR376. Reasonable project detail available." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "ifm" ], "id": "MSFT021", "description": "Increasing forest carbon through the Massachusetts Tri-City IFM.", "applicant": "Blue Source", "rating": "1", "keywords": "Massachusetts Tri-City", "methods": "Involved parties include Bluesource (applicant), and the Cities of Westfield, Holyoke and W. Springfield (project implementers). Buffer is 16%, leakage is assumed to be 40%, project term is 2017-2057, ex ante carbon benefits are projected to be 996,248 tCO\u2082, project area is 13,536 acres, and primary forest types are Oak-hickory Hardwoods, Pine-Hemlock and Spruce-Fir. Initial standing stock is 444.03 tCO\u2082/ha and assumed growth rate is 3.06 tCO\u2082/ha/yr. Project is credited against an aggessive industrial harvest regime, which includes clear cuts and high grading throughout the extent of the project area. The project area may be important for the watershed supplies drinking water to the surrounding urban areas.", "location": { "name": "Mississippi, USA" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://acr2.apx.com/mymodule/reg/prjView.asp?id1=376" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Removes carbon from atmosphere for sequestration in agricultural soil.", "comment": "Project extends the Gold Standard Soil Organic Carbon Framework to include no-tillage, strip tillage, and cover cropping as activities that can produce carbon credits. Project recruits Land O'Lake farmers to implement these practices to increase soil organic carbon." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 100000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 100,000 tCO\u2082 removal, and claims it will recruit farmers as needed to produce those carbon benefits. A buffer pool will be maintained to mitigate against reversals according to the Gold Standard methodology.", "comment": "Validation of volume would at a minimum require information on specific projects, and documentation of methodology used to quantify removal volume." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 100.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 100 year permanence.", "comment": "Soil carbon storage can last for decades or more, but it can also be reversed by changes to land use or management practices. No information is provided as to the contract terms with participating farmers. Socioeconomic risks are significant on this time horizon due to the risk of default or bankruptcy." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information on specific projects to evaluate additionality." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "No information on specific projects is publicly available, and quantification methods are still in development." } ], "tags": [ "soil", "farming" ], "id": "MSFT022", "description": "Soil organic carbon protocol development and CDR procurement using the Truterra platform.", "applicant": "Land O'Lakes", "rating": "1", "keywords": "Truterra", "methods": "Involved parties include Land O\u2019Lakes, Inc. (applicant), SustainCERT (Gold Standard certification body), Truterra (methodology developer, project implementer), and the Soil Health Institute. Project term is 2016 onwards, and other key project details are not not available. Project will result in additional activity modules for the Gold Standard Soil Organic Carbon Framework. Credited activities will include no-till (including strip tillage), and cover cropping. Quantification approaches will include on site measruement to document baseline SOC, model based estimates of SOC change, and model validation with 50cm soil pits in representative project strata.", "location": { "name": "USA" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://TruterraAg.com" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Removes carbon from atmosphere for sequestration in agricultural soil.", "comment": "Project invests in a \"CDR pipeline\", recuiting farmers to the Truterra platform, supporting adoption of soil management best practices, and developing monitoring and verification methods." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 1858750.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 1,858,750 tCO\u2082 removal, and claims it will recruit farmers and develop the monitoring and verification technology as needed to produce those carbon benefits. The offered volume is just a portion of the total carbon the project estimates it will generate. A buffer pool will be maintained to mitigate against reversals according to the Gold Standard methodology.", "comment": "Validation of volume would at a minimum require information on specific projects, and documentation of methodology used to quantify removal volume." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 100.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 100 year permanence.", "comment": "Soil carbon storage can last for decades or more, but it can also be reversed by changes to land use or management practices. No information is provided as to the contract terms with participating farmers. Socioeconomic risks are significant on this time horizon due to the risk of default or bankruptcy." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information on specific projects to evaluate additionality." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "No information or data on specific projects are publicly available, and methods are either not publicly available or currently under review." } ], "tags": [ "soil", "farming" ], "id": "MSFT023", "description": "Pipeline development for soil organic carbon CDR at scale using the Truterra platform.", "applicant": "Land O'Lakes", "rating": "1", "keywords": "Truterra", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "USA" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://TruterraAg.com" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in forests, and avoids emissions from forest loss.", "comment": "Project performs single tree harvest over 10% of the project area to maintain recreational trails, and is credited in comparison to an aggressive industrial harvest regime." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 114144.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 114,144 tCO\u2082 removal from a 8485.58 acre project area, with 28,536 tCO\u2082 removal available in FY2021. The offered volume is just a portion of the total carbon benefits attributed to the project. Project contributes 18% buffer of carbon benefits generated to a buffer pool to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "Project projects 5.6 tCO\u2082/ha/yr of carbon removal and estimates a maximum of 599 tCO\u2082/ha in standing stock. The growth rate is plausible based on USFS yield curves, but the maximum standing stock estimate seems high. Seller claims to offer removal only. Since registries do not track removal and avoided emissions as separate types of carbon benefits, there is no way to validate that the removal slice of the project has not already been sold, or will not be sold again in the future." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 36.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 40 year permanence.", "comment": "Project lifetime appears to be 40 years (2017-2057), with 36 years remaining which we report as the permanence. Physical risks are low based on location. Socioeconomic risks are significant due to the risk of default or bankruptcy on this time horizon. Land is owned by state-chartered entity in Tennessee, which may present a different contractual default risk compared to fully private parties but which is also required to conserve the land for multiple uses. See our comment on additionality." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "Counterfactual is an aggressive industrial harvest regime.", "comment": "By the end of 2021, 76% of total project climate benefits will have been earned, the majority via avoided harvest. Many of these benefits have already been sold. Thus, the project has already committed to avoid harvest and the expected carbon removal in later years is already assured. As such, the project appears to be offering climate benefits that have already been promised to other buyers. Land is owned by a state-charted entity that is statutorily obligated to protect the land for multiple uses, of which timber is only one." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Project is formally listed on American Carbon Registry as ACR398. Significant project information available from multiple public sources (ACR registry, Stripe Climate 2020 proposal, Microsoft 2021 Carbon Removal RFP)." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "ifm" ], "id": "MSFT024", "description": "Public access forestry at Doe Mountain.", "applicant": "Blue Source", "rating": "1", "keywords": "Doe Mountain", "methods": "Involved parties include BlueSource and Doe Mountain Recreation Authority (implementer). Buffer is 18%, project crediting period is 2017-2036, project area is 8485.58 acres, ex ante projection of net carbon benefits is 631,845 tCO\u2082, primary forest types include mixed hardwoods, Oak-hickory, Cove Forest, and Oak-Pine. Initial standing stock is 487.03 tCO\u2082/ha, and growth is assumed to be 5.6 tCO\u2082/ha/yr. See notes on Bluesource Doe Mountain's Stripe 2020 proposal for further discussion. Project is credited against an aggressive harvest regime, which includes clearcuts and high grading throughout the extent of the property. Doe Mountain Recreation Authority was founded in 2013 with the mission to transform Doe Mountain into a [recreation destination](http://www.legislature.state.tn.us/Archives/Joint/committees/gov-opps/com/Doe%20Mountain%20Rec%20Authority.pdf).", "location": { "name": "Tennessee, USA" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://acr2.apx.com/mymodule/reg/prjView.asp?id1=398" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project avoids emissions by re-wetting peat soils, and removes carbon from the atmosphere for storage in restored peatland.", "comment": "Project pays farmers to convert dry-crop agricultural land to rice paddies or to wetland habitat." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 550.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 550 tCO\u2082 removal from an unspecified project area. The offered volume is just a portion of the total carbon benefits the project estimates it will generate. A buffer pool will be maintained to mitigate against reversals according to the ACR methodology.", "comment": "Validation of volume would at a minimum require information on specific projects, and documentation of methodology used to quantify removal volume." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 40.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 40 year permanence.", "comment": "Soil carbon storage can last for decades or more, but it can also be reversed by changes to land use or management practices. No information is provided as to the contract terms with participating farmers. Socioeconomic risks are significant on this time horizon due to the risk of default or bankruptcy." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "No counterfactual is specified.", "comment": "Project lacks enough project detail to evaluate additionality. See Specificity comment for further discussion." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "No information or data on specific projects are publicly available." } ], "tags": [ "soil", "conversion" ], "id": "MSFT025", "description": "Re-flooding California\u2019s Sacramento Delta to stop subsidence and sequester carbon.", "applicant": "3Degrees", "rating": "1", "keywords": "", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "California, USA" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://americancarbonregistry.org/carbon-accounting/standards-methodologies/restoration-of-california-deltaic-and-coastal-wetlands" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in forests.", "comment": "Project plants Cypress and China fir forests on previously barren land." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 300000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Seller offers 300,000 tCO\u2082 removal from a 25,449 ha project area planted with Cypress and China fir. The offered volume is just a portion of the total carbon benefits attributed to the project. A 10% buffer is maintained to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "Seller claims to offer only carbon benefits generated before the end of 2021. Project claims 82% of trees are Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata). In project documentation, the removal rate for 2021 was predecited to be 13.3 tCO\u2082/ha/yr. Removal rate inferred if offer is assumed to capture all FY2021 growth is slightly lower. This falls within a highly plausible range based on published literature on plantation China fir growth rates around 6 years of age (11.75-20.63 tCO\u2082/yr)." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "Project methodology assumes negligible project emissions. Thus, there is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 24.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Seller claims 24 year permanence.", "comment": "Project lifetime appears to be 30 years (2014-2044), with 24 years remaining from date of review which we report as the permanence." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "Counterfactual is project land remaining barren.", "comment": "Planting was completed in 2015, 4 years before registration as a carbon offset project. Moreover, project occurs in a region highly relevant to the Chinese government's reforestation goals and ongoing programs (e.g. Green for Grain). More information about why this project in ineligible for state-available funding would be needed to be confident about the additionality of this project." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Project is formally listed on Verra as VCS1865. Significant project information available." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "reforestation" ], "id": "MSFT026", "description": "Afforestation and sustainable development through the Xiguan Afforestation Project.", "applicant": "Shell Energy North America", "rating": "2", "keywords": "Xiguan Afforestation Project", "methods": "Involved parties include Shell Energy North America (MSFT applicant), Guizhou Baiheng Fertilizer Co. (Project Manager), Shell Energy China (Business Manager), Shanghai Libra Investment & Management Co.(Manager). Buffer is 10%, project area is 25,449 ha, project term is 2014-2044, reforestation species are cypress (18%) and China fir (82%). Planting was completed in the first two years of the project term. Inferred growth rate over the first seven years of the project is 1.45 tCO\u2082/ha/yr (258,238 tCO\u2082 / 25,449 ha / 7 years).", "location": { "name": "Guizhou Province, China" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://registry.verra.org/app/projectDetail/VCS/1865" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in forests, and avoids emissions from forest loss.", "comment": "Project claims to be a removal-only IFM. By definition, IFM projects incorporate an element avoided emissions through modified harvest, so we report this project as both removal and avoided. See Specificity comment for further discussion." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 480000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 480,000 tCO\u2082 removal from a ~37,000 acre project area. The offered volume is just a portion of the total carbon benefits attributed to the project. A buffer pool will be used to mitigate against reversals using the ACR methodology.", "comment": "There is not enough information to validate this volume. See Specificity comment." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 40.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 40 year permanence.", "comment": "No information regarding the project's contractual commitments is available. See Specificity comment." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to evaluate additionality." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "The only public documentation currently available is the application to the Microsoft 2021 Carbon Removal RFP, which does not include key details about project activities or quantification methodology." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "ifm" ], "id": "MSFT028", "description": "Improved forest management at the Baskahegan Forest.", "applicant": "Blue Source", "rating": "1", "keywords": "Baskahegan", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Maine, USA" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://baskahegan.com/maps/baskahegan-land-map/" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in forests, and avoids emissions from forest loss.", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 190000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 190,000 tCO\u2082 removal from a 3,200 acre project area. The offered volume is just a portion of the total carbon benefits attributed to the project. A buffer pool will be used to mitigate against reversals using the ACR methodology.", "comment": "There is not enough information to validate this volume. See Specificity comment." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 40.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 40 year permanence.", "comment": "No information regarding the project's contractual commitments is available. See Specificity comment." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to evaluate additionality. Project land is owned by the Nisqually Land Trust, a non-profit conservation organization. More information about the baseline and project scenarios used to credit the project would be needed for validation. Special attention should be to the claimed baseline harvest scenario with reference with the Nisqually Land Trust's mission and management plans." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "The only public documentation currently available is the application to the Microsoft 2021 Carbon Removal RFP, which does not include key project details." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "ifm" ], "id": "MSFT029", "description": "Improved forest management through the Rainier Gateway Initiative.", "applicant": "Blue Source", "rating": "1", "keywords": "Rainier Gateway", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Washington, USA" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://nisquallylandtrust.org/our-lands-and-projects/protected-areas/mount-rainier-gateway-initiative/#:~:text=The%20Land%20Trust%20launched%20the,forest%20that%20surrounds%20the%20town." }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Removes carbon from atmosphere for sequestration in agricultural soil.", "comment": "Project develops the capacity to credit farmers who are a part of the Truterra network and have reduced tillage and/or used cover cropping in the last several years." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 100000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 100,000 tCO\u2082 removal. Project anticipates delivering 100,000 tCO\u2082 removal will require enrolling 200,000-250,000 acres of farmland. A buffer pool will be maintained to mitigate against reversals according to the ACR methodology.", "comment": "Validation of volume would at a minimum require information on specific projects, and documentation of methodology used to quantify removal volume." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 100.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 100 year permanence.", "comment": "Soil carbon storage can last for decades or more, but it can also be reversed by changes to land use or management practices. No information is provided as to the contract terms with participating farmers. Socioeconomic risks are significant on this time horizon due to the risk of default or bankruptcy." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information on specific projects to evaluate additionality." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "No information or data on specific projects are publicly available, and methods are either not publicly available or currently under review." } ], "tags": [ "soil", "farming" ], "id": "MSFT030", "description": "Soil organic carbon CDR using the Truterra platform.", "applicant": "Land O'Lakes", "rating": "1", "keywords": "Truterra", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "USA" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://TruterraAg.com" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in forests, and avoids emissions from forest loss.", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 230000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 230,000 tCO\u2082 removal from a 13,000 acre project area. The offered volume is just a portion of the total carbon benefits attributed to the project. A buffer pool will be used to mitigate against reversals using the ACR methodology.", "comment": "There is not enough information to validate this volume. See Specificity comment." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 40.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 40 year permanence.", "comment": "No information regarding the project's contractual commitments is available. See Specificity comment." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to evaluate additionality. Project land is owned by the Columbia Land Trust, a non-profit conservation organization. More information about the baseline and project scenarios used to credit the project would be needed to validate additionality. Special attention should be to the claimed baseline harvest scenario with reference with the Columbia Land Trust mission and management plans. Project may be better understood as a donation to conservation rather than additional carbon removal." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "The only public documentation currently available is the application to the Microsoft 2021 Carbon Removal RFP, which does not include key project details." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "ifm" ], "id": "MSFT032", "description": "Land trust forestry project through the Columbia Improved Forest Management Project.", "applicant": "Blue Source", "rating": "1", "keywords": "Columbia", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Washington, USA" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://www.columbialandtrust.org/" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from the atmosphere for sequestration in teak plantations.", "comment": "Project establishes teak plantations on previously barren lands and completes to 18-year harvest cycles within the project period." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 537989.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 537,989 tCO\u2082 removal over an unknown project area in Mexico, with 200,000 tCO\u2082 removal offered in FY2021. The offered volume is just a portion of the total carbon benefits attributed to the project. An 14% risk buffer pool is set aside to mitigate against potential reversals.", "comment": "The actual area planted as a result of this grouped project is not clear. Thus, it is not possible to validate the claimed volume." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 28.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 93 year permanence.", "comment": "Project lifetime appears to be 36 years (2013-2049), with 28 years remaining, which we report as the permanence." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "Counterfactual is continued degradation from agricultural use.", "comment": "Credited project activities started in 2013. Without clear vintaging, this raises the concern that offered carbon benefits could have been generated up to 8 years ago." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Project is formally listed on Verra as VCS1740. Reasonable project detail available." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "reforestation" ], "id": "MSFT033", "description": "Establishing teak plantations.", "applicant": "South Pole", "rating": "1", "keywords": "", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Mexico" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://registry.verra.org/app/projectDetail/VCS/1740" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in forests, and avoids emissions from forest loss.", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 40558.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 40,488 tCO\u2082 removal from a 10,088 acre project area. The offered volume is just a portion of the total carbon benefits attributed to the project. Project contributes 18% of carbon benefits generated to a buffer pool to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "Not enough information available to validate the volume. Seller claims to offer removal only. Since registries do not track removal and avoided emissions as separate types of carbon benefits, there is no way to validate that the removal slice of the project has not already been sold, or will not be sold again in the future." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 88.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 40 year permanence.", "comment": "Project appears to opperate with a committment to maintain project for 100 years (2009-2109), with 88 years remaining. Socioeconomic risks are significant on this time horizon due to the risk of default or bankruptcy." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "Counterfactual is an aggressive industrial harvest regime.", "comment": "By the end of 2019, 94% of total project climate benefits were earned, the vast majority via avoided harvest. Many of these benefits have already been sold. Thus, the project has already committed to avoid harvest and therefore the expected carbon removal in later years is already assured. As such, the project appears to be offering climate benefits that have already been promised to other buyers." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Project is formally listed on American Carbon Registry as ACR389. Significant project information available from multiple public sources." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "ifm" ], "id": "MSFT034", "description": "Improved forest management at Winston Creek Forest.", "applicant": "3Degrees", "rating": "1", "keywords": "Winston Creek Forest", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Washington, USA" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://acr2.apx.com/mymodule/reg/TabDocuments.asp?r=111&ad=Prpt&act=update&type=PRO&aProj=pub&tablename=doc&id1=389" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in forests, and avoids emissions from forest loss.", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 1930000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 1,930,000 tCO\u2082 removal from an unspecified project area. The offered volume is just a portion of the total carbon benefits attributed to the project. A buffer pool will be used to mitigate against reversals using the ACR methodology.", "comment": "There is not enough information to validate this volume. See Specificity comment." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 40.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 40 year permanence.", "comment": "No information regarding the project's contractual commitments is available. See Specificity comment." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to evaluate additionality. Project land is operated as a guest ranch and marketed as a premier eco-tourism destination. More information about the baseline harvest scenario used to credit the project would be needed for validation. Special attention should be to the claimed baseline in the context of ongoing land use." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "The only public documentation currently available is the application to the Microsoft 2021 Carbon Removal RFP, which does not include key project details." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "ifm" ], "id": "MSFT035", "description": "Improved forest management at Vermejo Park Ranch.", "applicant": "Blue Source", "rating": "1", "keywords": "Vermejo Park Ranch", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "New Mexico, USA" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://tedturnerreserves.com/vermejo/" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in forests, and avoids emissions by discouraging deforestation and forest degradation.", "comment": "Project activities include forest management changes, increased protections against illegal harvesting, and a number of social and economic interventions in surrounding communites to decrease illegal harvest pressure (e.g. introduction of efficient cookstokes and development of local enterprises). Project is credited against a projection of continued mosaic deforestion." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 673053.0, "units": "tCO3", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 673,053 tCO\u2082 removal from a 169,136 ha project area. The offered volume is just a portion of the total carbon benefits attributed to the project. A 10% buffer is maintained to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "Seller claims to offer removal only. Project's estimated removal volume is based on an multi-layered set of assumptions about deforestation drivers that are hard to validate. Moreover, since registries do not track removal and avoided emissions as separate types of carbon benefits, there is no way to validate that the removal slice of the project has not already been sold, or will not be sold again in the future. Project includes carbon removal attributed to soil." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 18.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Seller claims 100 year permanence.", "comment": "Project lifetime appears to be 30 years (2009-2039), with 18 years remaining which we report as the permanence." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "Counterfactual is continued mosaic-type deforestation.", "comment": "Project operated for five years with international funding (including USAID) before seeking carbon finance. Several of the project interventions were to projected to be completed before 2020. Additionally, many of these carbon benefits from this project have already been sold. Thus, the project has already committed to avoid harvest and carbon removal in later years is already assured." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Project is formally listed on Verra as VCS1168. Significant project information available from project registry." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "redd+" ], "id": "MSFT036", "description": "Co-management of protected areas through the Kulera Landscape REDD+ Program.", "applicant": "Terra Global Capital", "rating": "1", "keywords": "REDD+, Kulera", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Malawi" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "http://terraglobalcapital.com/kulera-landscape-redd-program-co-managed-protected-areas-malawi" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in forests.", "comment": "Project plants Cypress and China fir forests on previously barren land." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 400000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Seller offers 400,000 tCO\u2082 removal from a 32,047 ha project area planted with Cypress and China fir. The offered volume is just a portion of the total carbon benefits attributed to the project. A 10% buffer is maintained to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "Seller claims to offer only carbon benefits generated before the end of 2021. Project claims 90% of trees are Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata). In project documentation, the removal rate for 2021 was predecited to be 13.8 tCO\u2082/ha/yr. This falls within a highly plausible range based on published literature on plantation China fir growth rates around 6 years of age (11.75-20.63 tCO\u2082/yr)." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "Project methodology assumes negligible project emissions. There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 24.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Seller claims 24 year permanence.", "comment": "Project lifetime appears to be 30 years (2014-2044), with 24 years remaining from date of review." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "Counterfactual is project land remaining barren.", "comment": "Planting was completed in 2015, 4 years before registration as a carbon offset project. Moreover, project occurs in a region highly relevant to the Chinese government's reforestation goals and ongoing programs (e.g. Green for Grain). More information about why this project in ineligible for state-available funding would be needed to be confident about the additionality of this project." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Project is formally listed on Verra as VCS1847. Significant project information available." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "reforestation" ], "id": "MSFT037", "description": "Afforestation and sustainable development through the Qianxinan Afforestation Project.", "applicant": "Shell Energy North America", "rating": "2", "keywords": "Qianxinan", "methods": "Involved parties include Guizhou Baiheng Fertilizer Co., Shanghai Libra Investment & Management Co., and Shell Energy North America. Buffer is 10%, crediting period is 2014-2044, project area is 32,047 ha planted with China fir (90%) and cypress (10%). Project design document estimates total removals from 04/21 to 04/22 as 442,038 tCO\u2082. This translates to a removal rate of (442,038 tCO\u2082 / 32,047 ha / 1 yr) = 13.79 tCO\u2082/ha/yr. According to data compilation by Zhang et al. (2014), China fir plantations around 6 years old contain 11.75-20.63 tCO\u2082/ha. Project appears to be part of a large-scale, government-backed anti-desertification effort.", "location": { "name": "Guizhou, China" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://registry.verra.org/app/projectDetail/VCS/1847" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in forests, and avoids emissions from forest loss.", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 210000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 210,000 tCO\u2082 removal from a 13,000 acre project area. The offered volume is just a portion of the total carbon benefits attributed to the project. A buffer pool will be used to mitigate against reversals using the ACR methodology.", "comment": "There is not enough information to validate this volume. See Specificity comment." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 40.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 40 year permanence.", "comment": "No information regarding the project's contractual commitments is available. See Specificity comment." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to evaluate additionality." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "The only public documentation currently available is the application to the Microsoft 2021 Carbon Removal RFP, which does not include key project details." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "ifm" ], "id": "MSFT038", "description": "Improved forest management at the 100 Mile Wilderness.", "applicant": "Blue Source", "rating": "1", "keywords": "100 Mile Wilderness", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Maine, USA" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "", "url": "" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in timber plantations.", "comment": "Project plants a combination of teak and native species." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 650000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 650,000 tCO\u2082 removal in FY2021 from plantations established over 7064 ha planting area. The offered volume is just a portion of the total carbon benefits attributed to the project. Project maintains 20% buffer to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "Not enough information available to validate the volume. See Specificity comment." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 3.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Seller claims 100 year permanence.", "comment": "Project lifetime appears to be 30 years (1995-2025), with 3 years remaining from the date of review, which we report as the permanence." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "Counterfactual is continued land use for pasture, annual crops, or cocao farms without tree cover.", "comment": "Project claims historical offset credits from project activity starting in 1995. Project was registered as an offset project in 2012. It is unclear that carbon finance will change land management moving forward." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Project is formally listed on Gold Standard as GS2940. Very little public information available. Links to key project documents are broken." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "reforestation" ], "id": "MSFT039", "description": "Removing carbon through sustainable teak and natural ecosystem protection by CO\u2082OL.", "applicant": "South Pole", "rating": "1", "keywords": "CO\u2082OL Tropical Mix", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Panama" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://registry.goldstandard.org/projects/details/1796" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in timber plantations.", "comment": "Project plants commercial timber plantations of Eucalyptus pellita, Acacia mangium and Gmelina arborea with <10 year harvest cycles." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 745374.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Seller offers 745,374 tCO\u2082 removal from plantation growth, with 25,799 tCO\u2082 removal available in FY2021. The offered volume is just a portion of the total carbon benefits attributed to the project. An 18% buffer is maintained to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "Plantation area is currently 4020 ha, and is projected to expand 1500 ha/year from 2020-2025. Primary species planted are Eucalyptus pellita, Acacia mangium, and Gmelina arborea. Per-species planting and growth assumptions are well-cited and fall within plausible ranges. Project includes carbon removal attributed to soil." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 24.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Seller claims 30 year permance.", "comment": "Project lifetime appears to be 20 years (2016-2045) with 26 years remaining from date of review, which we report as the permanence." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Project implementor has been engaging in commercial plantation forestry in Sierra Leone since 2012. This offer in currently seeking to recieve credits for plantation growth from 2016 onward. Without clear vintaging this raises the concern that offered carbon benefits could have been generated up to 5 years ago." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Project is formally listed on Verra as VCS2401. Significant project information available through the Verra registry." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "reforestation" ], "id": "MSFT040", "description": "Plantation forestry for sustinable timber harvesting and reforestation.", "applicant": "South Pole", "rating": "2", "keywords": "", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Sierra Leone" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://www.miroforestry.com/plantations/yoni-sierra-leone" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in forests, and avoids emissions from forest loss.", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 80732.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 80,732 tCO\u2082 removal from a ~22,000 acre project area, with 28,833 tCO\u2082 removal offered in FY2021. The offered volume is just a portion of the total carbon benefits attributed to the project. A buffer pool will be used to mitigate against reversals using the ACR methodology.", "comment": "There is not enough information to validate this volume. See Specificity comment." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 40.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 40 year permanence.", "comment": "No information regarding the project's contractual commitments is available. See Specificity comment." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to evaluate additionality." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "The only public documentation currently available is the application to the Microsoft 2021 Carbon Removal RFP, which does not include key project details." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "ifm" ], "id": "MSFT041", "description": "Preventing aggressive timber harvesting through the Greenleaf IFM.", "applicant": "Blue Source", "rating": "1", "keywords": "Greenleaf", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Michigan, USA" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "", "url": "" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in forests.", "comment": "Project primarily establishes teak plantations and completes two, 20-year harvest cycles within the project period." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 150000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 150,000 tCO\u2082 removal over an unknown project area in FY2021. The offered volume is just a portion of the total carbon benefits attributed to the project. A 10% buffer is maintained to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "This grouped project predicted an expansion of 1000 ha/year from 2014 through 2030. There there is no documentation about its actual expansion pattern. Not knowing the project area in question, it is not possible to validate the claimed volume. Grouped project methodology includes carbon removal attributed to soil." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 27.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Seller claims 28 year permanence.", "comment": "Project lifetime appears to be 40 years (2008-2048), with 27 years remaining from date of review, which we report as the permanence." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "Counterfactual specified is a continuation of a mosaic of illegal subsistence farming, grassland with scattered trees, and degraded remnant forest.", "comment": "Project is implemented on forest reserves declared degraded by the Ghanian governement. Legally, this is a protected area with some sustainable use of natural resources. Project proponent began establishing plantations in these reserves in 2008. Without clear vintaging, this raises the concern that carbon benefits offered could have been generated up to 13 years ago." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Project is formally listed on Verra as VCS987. Reasonable project detail available." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "reforestation" ], "id": "MSFT042", "description": "Reforestation and sustainable development in forest reserves.", "applicant": "Shell Energy North America", "rating": "1", "keywords": "", "methods": "Involved parties include FORM Ghana Ltd., Form International B.V., and Shell Energy North America. Buffer is 10%, crediting period is 2008-2048, project area is currently 3214 ha of Tectona grandis plantation (85.6%), indigineous species plantation (4.8%) and other buffer vegetation. Plantations are planted with 1111 trees/ha, and harvested on a 20 year cycle. This is a grouped project with a planned expansion of 1000 ha/yr up to 20,000 ha. Project area includes two government owned forest reserves.", "location": { "name": "Ashanti, Ghana" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://registry.verra.org/app/projectDetail/VCS/987" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in forests, and avoids emissions from forest loss.", "comment": "Project establishes no-harvest conservation easements to permanently protect participating forests." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 177975.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 177,975 tCO\u2082 removal from a unspecified project area, with 10,734 tCO\u2082 removal offered in FY2021. The offered volume is just a portion of the total carbon benefits attributed to the project. A 16% buffer pool is maintained to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "There is not enough information to validate this volume. See Specificity comment." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 40.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Seller claims 40 year permanence.", "comment": "All lands enrolled in this grouped project are permanently protected upon enrollment by a no-harvest conservation easement." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Project proponent is a non-profit that uses carbon revenues as an incentive to establish permanent, no-harvest conservation easements on properties owned by land trusts in the Northeast. Further validation would benefit from more information about the baseline scenarios used to credit individual projects." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "The project's general plan, financial structure, and partnership structure are clearly communicated. Details on lands enrolled and crediting methodogies are not publicly available." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "ifm" ], "id": "MSFT043", "description": "CDR from aggregated protected wilderness through the Forever Wild Carbon Aggregation Initiative.", "applicant": "Spatial Informatics Group", "rating": "2", "keywords": "Forever Wild Carbon Aggregation Initiative", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Vermont, USA" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://newildernesstrust.org/wilderness-conservation/wp/" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in forests, and avoids emissions from forest loss.", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 20000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 20,000 tCO\u2082 removal in FY2021 over a 1422 acre project area. The offered volume is just a portion of the total carbon benefits attributed to the project. Project maintains 16.7% buffer pool to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "Seller claims to offer removal only. Since registries do not track removal and avoided emissions as separate types of carbon benefits, there is no way to validate that the removal slice of the project has not already been sold, or will not be sold again in the future." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 92.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 93 year permancence.", "comment": "Project lifetime appears to be 100 years (2013-2113), with 92 year remaining from date of review. Socioeconomic risks are significant on this time horizon due to the risk of default or bankruptcy." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Rip's Redwood project already credited for standing carbon stock above regional baseline, which indicates a promise not to harvest normally and therefore raises questions about the additionality of ongoing carbon removal credits." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Project is formally listed on Climate Action Reserve as CAR1015. Significant project information available from multiple public sources." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "ifm" ], "id": "MSFT045", "description": "Reforestation with verification and monitoring in Rip's Redwoods.", "applicant": "Pachama", "rating": "1", "keywords": "Rip's Redwoods", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "California, USA" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://pachama.com/explorer/project/rips-redwoods" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in forests, and avoids emissions from forest loss.", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 159188.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 159,188 tCO\u2082 removal over a 8,951 acre project area, with 31,834 tCO\u2082 removal offered in FY2021. No information about a buffer pool is publicly available.", "comment": "See Specificity comment. Seller claims to offer removal only. Since registries do not track removal and avoided emissions as separate types of carbon benefits, there is no way to validate that the removal slice of the project has not already been sold, or will not be sold again in the future." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity. See Specificity comment." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 40.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 40 year permanence.", "comment": "See Specificity comment." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to evaluate additionality." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Project is formally listed on American Carbon Registry as ACR534. Although project provides an official ACR ID, project does not appear in the public database." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "ifm" ], "id": "MSFT046", "description": "Improved forest management through the Shaan Seet IFM project.", "applicant": "Blue Source", "rating": "1", "keywords": "Shaan Seet", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Alaska, USA" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "", "url": "" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Removes carbon from the atmosphere using a solid chemical sorbent. Captured carbon dioxide is geologically sequestered in mineral form using the Carbfix process.", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 3000000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project specifies 3,000,000 tCO\u2082 as a total offer, with 300 tCO\u2082 offered for FY2021.", "comment": "Scale of volume in FY2021 is commensurate with published sorbent technology. Contingent on sufficient deployment of modular technology, the offered removal volume seems plausible." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": 0.9, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Claims total emissions are 0.1 tCO\u2082 for every 1 tCO\u2082 removed.", "comment": "Detailed analysis references an independent, third party financed study performed by researchers at the University of Aachen, Germany: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41560-020-00771-9" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 1000.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Seller claims 10,000 year permanence.", "comment": "Successful mineralization produces reliable, effectively permanent carbon storage." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "The only reason to implement a project like this is to generate climate benefits. Seller has not indicated the intention to participate in the Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) compliance program, but appears eligible. If the project were to participate, any tons that received LCFS credits and were also offered in the voluntary market would be non-additional. Because LCFS is a compliance program, this would be a case of double counting. Conversely, tons that did not receive LCFS credits would be additional." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Basic technology is well understood through both demonstrations and published literature. Peer reviewed LCA publicly accessible." } ], "tags": [ "dac", "mineralization" ], "id": "MSFT047", "description": "Direct air capture and mineralization.", "applicant": "Climeworks", "rating": "5", "keywords": "", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Reykjavik, Iceland" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." }, { "date": "03-30-2021", "note": "Fixed typo in additionality comment." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://www.climeworks.com" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in forests.", "comment": "Project assists plants indigeneous tree species and assists natural regeneration in Kibale National Park." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 55000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 55,000 tCO\u2082 removal in FY2021 from a 6212 ha project area. The offered volume is just a portion of the total carbon benefits attributed to the project. A 10% risk buffer is maintained to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "Project predicts a carbon removal rate of 12.38 tCO\u2082/ha/yr over the project lifetime from planting unspecified indigenous species." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity. See Specificity comment." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 48.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 48 year permanence.", "comment": "Project lifetime appears to be 60 years (2009-2069), with 48 years remaining. Socioeconomic risks are significant on this time horizon due to the risk of default or bankruptcy." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "Counterfactual specified is continued encroachment on national park land for agricultural activities, unchecked fire on degraded land, and a partial regeneration of pioneer begetation.", "comment": "Project activities started in 1994, a year after it the area was designated as a national park. The project is credited for activites from 2009 onwards. Forest planting was projected to be completed in 2016. This leads to the concern that offered carbon benefits could have been generated up to 12 years ago. More documentation would be needed to validate the claim that the project activities would not continue in the absence of carbon finance." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Project is formally listed on Verra as VCS673. Significant project information available." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "reforestation" ], "id": "MSFT048", "description": "Restoration of degraded areas in Kibale National Park.", "applicant": "South Pole", "rating": "1", "keywords": "Kibale National Park", "methods": "Involved parties include South Pole Carbon, Ugandan Wildlife Authority, and Face the Future. Buffer is 10%, crediting period is 2009-2069, project area is 8593 ha according to the proposal to Microsoft and 6212 according to registry documentation. Total carbon removal, without deductions, is projected to be 4,615,038 for the entire crediting period. Basic carbon removal rate is thus (4,615,038 tCO\u2082 / 6212 ha / 60 yr) = 12.38 tCO\u2082/ha/yr. Species not specified.", "location": { "name": "Uganda" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://facethefuture.com/projects/uganda-kibale-reforestation" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Avoids emissions from biomass-fuelled power station, and instead captures it for alternative uses.", "comment": "Project seeks to add carbon capture and storage to operating biomass power plants, injecting some of the captured CO\u2082 into geological formations. From a narrow lifecycle perspective, project only avoids CO\u2082 emissions. From a broad perspective, the same mechanism forms a carbon removal pathway when coupled to biomass production." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 4000000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 4,000,000 tCO\u2082 removal from operation of a CCS system that should be operational by 2027.", "comment": "Project plans to install CCS on four biomass power plant units. Each CCS unit is projected to capture up to 4 million tCO\u2082/year. Two pilot projects are currently underway. We were unable to find public data from the first pilot, nor public information regarding the novel non-amine solvent used." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "Negativity is a key parameter for evaluating BECCS projects. Project uses an open souce Biomass Carbon Calculator (developed by project proponent and verified by third parties) to to perform LCA. Parameters used by project proponent are not available, and there is not enough to calculate the negativity of this project." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 1000.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 10,000 year permanence.", "comment": "Seller claims captured CO\u2082 will be injected into deep geological depositis. Successful geologic sequestration produces reliable, effectively permanent carbon storage. It appears that the project is also exploring less permanent, more profitable end-uses for captured CO\u2082, leading us to withhold validation." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "Operation of biomass power plant without carbon capture and storage (CCS).", "comment": "This project is likely additional, but specifics depend on the economics of any applicable tax credits or policy incentives." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Reasonable project details available from project application on online reports. LCA and storage details are lacking." } ], "tags": [ "biomass", "injection" ], "id": "MSFT049", "description": "BECCS at the world\u2019s largest biomass power station.", "applicant": "Drax", "rating": "1", "keywords": "BECCS", "methods": "The project combines carbon capture on a biomass power plant using an non-amine solvent developed by [C-Capture](https://www.c-capture.co.uk/our-story/) with geologic storage or CO\u2082 utilization. Power plant feedstock is wood pellets sourced from US forests. A pilot CCS unit was installed in 2018, with claimed capacity of 1 tCO\u2082/day. Data from the pilot is not publicly available. A second, full-scale CCS unit will be installed in 2020. Two additional CCS units are to be installed by 2027. Project claims the four units together will have the capacity to remove 16 MtCO\u2082/year.", "location": { "name": "United Kingdom" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "http://www.drax.com/BECCS" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in timber plantations.", "comment": "Project plants a combination of teak and native species." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 500000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 500,000 tCO\u2082 removal from plantations established over a claimed 13,242 ha project area. The offered volume is just a portion of the total carbon benefits attributed to the project. Project maintains 20% buffer to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "Not enough information available to validate the volume. See Specificity comment." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 3.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Seller claims 5 year permanence.", "comment": "Project lifetime appears to be 30 years (1995-2025), with 3 years remaining from the date of review, which we report as the permanence." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "Counterfactual specified is continued use for pasture, annual crops, or cocao farms without tree cover.", "comment": "Project claims historical offset credits from project activity starting in 1995. Project was registered as an offset project in 2012. It is unclear how carbon finance will change land management moving forward." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Project is formally listed on Gold Standard as GS2940. Very little public information available. Links to key project documents are broken." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "reforestation" ], "id": "MSFT050", "description": "Sustainable teak and natural ecosystem protection by CO\u2082OL.", "applicant": "Pachama", "rating": "1", "keywords": "CO\u2082OL Tropical Mix", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Panama" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://registry.goldstandard.org/projects/details/1796" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in forests, and avoids emissions from forest loss.", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 383152.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 383,152 tCO\u2082 removal over a 19,856 acre project area, with 95,788 tCO\u2082 offered in FY2021. The offered volume is just a portion of the total carbon benefits attributed to the project. A 18% buffer is maintained to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "Seller claims to offer removal only. Since registries do not track removal and avoided emissions as separate types of carbon benefits, there is no way to validate that the removal slice of the project has not already been sold, or will not be sold again in the future." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 37.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 40 year permanence.", "comment": "Project lifetime appears to be 40 years (2018-2058), with 37 years remaining, which we report as the permanence." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "Counterfactual is an even-aged clearcut harvest regime with natural regeneration.", "comment": "There was no ongoing or planned commercial harvest in the project area at the time of application. More information would be needed to validate the baseline harvest scenario and thus, the additionality of the project's purported carbon benefits." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Project is formally listed on American Carbon Registry as ACR499. Significant project information available from multiple public sources." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "ifm" ], "id": "MSFT051", "description": "Improved forest management through the Kootznoowoo IFM Project.", "applicant": "Blue Source", "rating": "1", "keywords": "Kootznoowoo IFM Project", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Alaska, USA" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://acr2.apx.com/mymodule/reg/prjView.asp?id1=499" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in harvested forest and avoids emissions associated with forest conversion.", "comment": "Project establishes Acacia, Pine and Eucalyptus plantations." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 200000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 200,000 tCO\u2082 removal from reforestation activity over a 13,205 ha project area. The offered volume is just a portion of the total carbon benefits attributed to the project. Project does not specify a mechanism to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "Not enough information available to validate the volume. See Specificity comment." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 10.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Seller claims 10 year permanence.", "comment": "Project lifetime appears to be 30 years (2006-2036), with 15 years remaining. Since seller reports a lower permanence value, we report that." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "Counterfactual specified is continued cattle ranching on degraded savannah lands.", "comment": "Not enough information to assess additionality. See Specificity comment." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Project is formally listed on Gold Standard as GS4221. Very little public information available. Links to key project documents are broken." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "reforestation" ], "id": "MSFT052", "description": "Sustainable forestry development through the Vichada Climate Reforestation Project.", "applicant": "ClimateCare Oxford", "rating": "1", "keywords": "Vichada Climate Reforestation Project", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Vichada, Colombia" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://registry.goldstandard.org/projects/details/1806" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for sequestration in farmer-owned trees.", "comment": "Project partners with small-holder farmers to plant trees on farmer-owned land." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 5000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 5,000 tCO\u2082 removal over a 2216 ha project area. The offered volume is just a portion of the total carbon benefits attributed to the project. A 10% buffer pool is maintained to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "Project estimates net CO\u2082 removal based on four tree classes. The TIST project allows farmers in each of the 2860 project areas to choose which species of tree to plant on their land. Independed volume validation would require documentation of tree species actually established and some claim regarding crediting time period." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 13.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Seller claims 13 year permanence.", "comment": "Project lifetime appears to be 30 years (2004-2033)." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "70% of carbon credit profits are directed to the farmers who own the trees, plausibly changing the incentive structure around their land use. Project activities started in 2003, but did not register to recieve carbon credits until 2013. Between 2003 and 2013, the TIST program recieved significant international funding. Without clear vintaging of the offer, this raises a concern about the additionality of historical carbon credits." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Project is formally listed on Verra as VCS994. Reasonable details provided on project design and early instances of this grouped project. Live updates from some projects available via crowdsourced database online." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "reforestation" ], "id": "MSFT053", "description": "Reforestation project with small-holder farmers through the TIST Program in India.", "applicant": "Shell Energy North America", "rating": "1", "keywords": "TIST Program", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "India" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://program.tist.org/india" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in soils.", "comment": "Project provides upfront capital and ongoing payments for ranchers to implement planned grazing to increase soil organic carbon. Grazing strategies include increased grazing intensity and increased periods of rest and regrowth. We cannot validate the mechanism as the proposal lacks specificity regarding what activities are actually credited. Grazing impacts on soil carbon may be dependent on local climate patterns." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 1500000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 1,500,000 tCO\u2082 removal from a project that currently spans 33,292 acres, but could expand in the future. Offer for FY2021 is 6000 tCO\u2082.", "comment": "This is a grouped project, and it appears as though the offered volume depends on future project expansion. The available documentation provides information for a 13,473 ha project area and a total projected net carbon benefit of 445,964 tCO\u2082. The claimed sequestration rate is 1.65 tCO\u2082/ha/yr. Project uses the SNAPNA model of soil carbon dynamics to estimate removal volume, but input parameters and training data characterics are not publicly available." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 18.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Seller claims 30 year permanence.", "comment": "Project lifetime appears to be 20 years (2019-2039), with 18 years remaining, which we report as the permanence. Permanence is contigent on rancher adherence to planned grazing patterns. Historical degradation and SOC loss could reoccur with a reversion to common practice grazing patterns." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to evaluate additionality." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Project is formally listed on Verra as VCS1960. Partial documention is available for a portion of the offered credits. This grouped project is still in development with Verra, and project documentation available through the registry is is only partially complete. Carbon removal estimation methodologies are not publicly documented." } ], "tags": [ "soil", "grazing" ], "id": "MSFT054", "description": "Soil carbon sequestration through the Montana Improved Grazing Project.", "applicant": "NativeEnergy", "rating": "1", "keywords": "Montana Improved Grazing Project", "methods": "Involved parties include Native, a Public Benefit Corporation, Western Sustainability Exchange, and Soils for the Future. Crediting period is 2019-2039, project area is 33,292 acres. Total estimated carbon removal is 445,964 tCO\u2082, resulting in a basic estimated removal rate of (445,964 tCO\u2082 / 33,292 ac/ 20 yr) = (0.7 tCO\u2082/ac/yr * 2.471 ac/ha) = 1.65 tCO\u2082/ha/yr. Project design document\u2019s quantification section is incomplete, but indicates use of SNAPNA model of soil carbon dynamics.", "location": { "name": "Montana, USA" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://native.eco/project/montana-grasslands-projecthb/" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in soil.", "comment": "Project pays ranchers to implement planned rotational grazing, increasing soil carbon of working grasslands. Grazing impacts on soil carbon may be dependent on local climate patterns." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 50000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 50,000 tCO\u2082 from a 5000 acre project area.", "comment": "Validation of volume would at a minimum require some combination of project implementation specifics, clarity around credited timeline, or more specificity around soil organic carbon quantification method." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 100.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 100 year permanence.", "comment": "Soil carbon storage can last for decades or more, but it can also be reversed by changes to land use or management practices. No information is provided as to the contract terms with participating landowners." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to evaluate additionality." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Very little public information available. General project model is clearly communicated, but no implementation or crediting methodology specifics are available." } ], "tags": [ "soil", "grazing" ], "id": "MSFT056", "description": "Adoption of rotational grazing, supported by Western Sustainability Exchange.", "applicant": "3Degrees", "rating": "1", "keywords": "Western Sustainability Exchange", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Montana, USA" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://www.westernsustainabilityexchange.org/" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in timber plantations.", "comment": "Project primarily establishes teak plantations." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 5000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 5000 tCO\u2082 removal from plantations established over 7064 ha planting area. Project does not specify a mechanism to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "Not enough information available to validate the volume. See Specificity comment." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity. See Specificity comment." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 11.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Seller claims 11 year permanence.", "comment": "See Specificity comment." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "Baseline scenario is no planting on degraded pastureland.", "comment": "All teak plantations were established by 2013. Without clear vintaging, offerred credits could been generated as early as 2008." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Project is formally listed on Gold Standard as GS4220. Although this project appears in the Gold Standard registry, the link to project documents is broken. Some Gold Standard project design documentation is available, however, through the Pachama platform." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "reforestation" ], "id": "MSFT057", "description": "Creating new sustainable timber plans through the Nicaforest reforestation project.", "applicant": "Pachama", "rating": "1", "keywords": "Nicaforest", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Nicaragua" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://pachama.com/explorer/project/nicaforest" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in forests, and avoids emissions from forest loss.", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 104000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Project offers 104,000 tCO\u2082 removal from a 8,619 acre project area, with 26,000 tCO\u2082 offered in FY2021. The offered volume is just a portion of the total carbon benefits attributed to the project. Project contributes 18% of carbon benefits generated to a buffer pool to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "Seller claims to offer removal only. Since registries do not track removal and avoided emissions as separate types of carbon benefits, there is no way to validate that the removal slice of the project has not already been sold, or will not be sold again in the future." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 37.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 40 year permanence.", "comment": "Project lifetime appears to be 40 years (2018-2058), with 37 years remaining, which we report as the permanence." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "Counterfactual is an aggressive industrial harvest regime.", "comment": "There was no ongoing or planned commercial harvest in the project area at the time of application, and project scenario does not include any commercial harvesting. More information would be needed to validate the baseline harvest scenario." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Project is formally listed on American Carbon Registry as ACR459. Significant project information available from multiple public sources." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "ifm" ], "id": "MSFT059", "description": "Improved forest management through the Klawock Heenya IFM project.", "applicant": "Blue Source", "rating": "1", "keywords": "Klawock Heenya", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Alaska, USA" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://acr2.apx.com/mymodule/reg/prjView.asp?id1=459" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in timber plantations.", "comment": "Project establishes mixed-species timber plantations in partnership with small-scale farmers." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 50000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 50,000 tCO\u2082 removal from plantations established over 586.23 ha in Honduras. The offered volume is just a portion of the total carbon benefits attributed to the project. Project maintains 20% buffer to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "Project features 14 timber species and four plantation models. There is not enought information about project implementation to validate volume. See specificity comment." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 41.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 50 year permanence.", "comment": "Project lifetime appears to be 50 years (2012-2062), with 41 years remaining, which we report at the permanence." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "Counterfactual specified is continued use for pasture, annual crops, or cocao farms without tree cover.", "comment": "Project documentation indicates that plantations were established from 2012-2018, and that timber harvest would become profitable sometime between 2020 and 2025. The project did not register to recieve carbon credits until 2019. More information would be necessary to make the case the carbon finance is necessary to ensure continued plantation growth." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Project is formally listed on Gold Standard as GS5012. Very little public information available. Project indicates plans for expansion in project documentation, but does not provide details." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "reforestation" ], "id": "MSFT061", "description": "Community reforestation and agroforestry through the Aprosacao Reforestation Project by PUR Projet.", "applicant": "ClimateCare Oxford", "rating": "1", "keywords": "Aprosacao Reforestation Project, PUR Projet", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Honduras" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://www.purprojet.com/project/aprosacao/" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for sequestration in farmer-owned trees.", "comment": "Project partners with small-holder farmers to plant trees on farmer-owned land." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 80000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 80,000 tCO\u2082 removal over 8634.8 ha project area. This is a combined offer from four sub-projects in Kenya, and the offered volume is just a portion of the total carbon benefits attributed to the project. A 10% buffer pool is maintained to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "Project estimates net CO\u2082 removal based on four tree classes. The TIST project allows farmers to choose which species of tree to plant on their land. Validation of volume would require documentation of tree species actually established." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 13.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Seller claims 13 year permanence.", "comment": "Project lifetimes appear to be 30 years. The earliest of the four projects was established in 2004 and has 13 years remaining in 30 year lifetime." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "70% of carbon credit profits are directed to the farmers who own the trees, plausibly changing the incentive structure around their land use. TIST Kenya started in 2004, but did not register to recieve carbon credits until 2011. Between 2003 and 2013, the TIST program recieved significant international funding. Without clear vintaging of the offer, this raises a concern about the additionality of historical carbon credits." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Projects are formally listed on Verra as VCS594 / VCS595 / VCS596 / VCS597. Reasonable details provided on project design and early instances of this grouped project. Live updates from some projects available via crowdsourced database online." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "reforestation" ], "id": "MSFT062", "description": "Reforestation project with small-holder farmers through the TIST Program in Kenya.", "applicant": "Shell Energy North America", "rating": "1", "keywords": "TIST Program", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Kenya" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://program.tist.org/kenya" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in timber plantations.", "comment": "Project establishes bald cypress trees." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 5000000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 5,000,000 tCO\u2082 removal. No information is provided regarding measures to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "See Specificity comment." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity. See Specificity comment." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 100.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 100 year permanence.", "comment": "Socioeconomic risks are significant on this time horizon due to the risk of default or bankruptcy." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information on specific projects to evaluate additionality." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Project are formally listed on Climate Action Reserve as CF7 / CF8. Although this project is listed in the Climate Forward registry, no project documentation is available." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "reforestation" ], "id": "MSFT063", "description": "Reforestation in the Pointe-aux-Chenes Wildlife Management Area.", "applicant": "ClimeCo", "rating": "1", "keywords": "Pointe-aux-Chenes Wildlife Management Area", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Louisiana" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://climateforward.apx.com/myModule/rpt/myrpt.asp?r=111" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in forests, and avoids emission by combatting unplanned deforestation.", "comment": "Project activities include encouraging sustainable developent and land use planning in surrounding communities, ensuring more effective forest monitoring, and establishing a trust fund of accumulated carbon revenues to continue protection activities beyond the carbon project lifetime." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 350000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 350,000 tCO\u2082 removal from a 68,515 ha project area, with 70,000 tCO\u2082 offered in FY2021. The offered volume is just a portion of the total carbon benefits attributed to the project. A 10% risk buffer is maintained to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "Seller claims to offer removal only. Since registries do not track removal and avoided emissions as separate types of carbon benefits, there is no way to validate that the removal slice of the project has not already been sold, or will not be sold again in the future. Project methodology includes carbon removal attributed to soil." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity. See Specificity comment." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 21.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Seller claims 100 year permanence.", "comment": "Project appears to have a 30 year lifetime (2012-2042), with 21 years remaining from date of review." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "Counterfactual specified is the conversion of forest by smallholder agriculturalists.", "comment": "The project area is formally protected as a national park. Project claims that carbon benefit revenues will be accumulated in a trust fund to ensure future protection of the area." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Project is formally listed on Verra as VCS1201. Reasonable details provided on project design. More information needed to validate the claimed efficacy of the sustainable development interventions for reducing unplanned deforestation pressure." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "redd+" ], "id": "MSFT064", "description": "Conservation, carbon sequestration and community development through the Gola Rainforest REDD project.", "applicant": "ClimateCare Oxford", "rating": "1", "keywords": "REDD, Gola", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Sierra Leone" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://golarainforest.org/" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in forests.", "comment": "Project establishes mixed cottonwood and native hardwood forests." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 25000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 25,000 tCO\u2082 removal from a project area of unknown acreage. The offered volume is just a portion of the total carbon benefits attributed to the project. A 20.5% risk buffer is maintained to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "Project claims a removal rate of 12.4 tCO\u2082/ha/yr. This falls on the high end of the plausible range provided by USFS yield tables (6.6 - 13.5 tCO\u2082/ha/yr). The total area of this grouped project is not clearly reported, thus volume offered cannot be validated. Grouped project methodology includes carbon removal attributed to soil." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity. See Specificity comment." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 27.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Seller claims 27 year permanence.", "comment": "Project lifetime appears to be 40 years (2008-2048), with 27 years remaining." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "Counterfactual specified is continued agricultural activity.", "comment": "A Bloomberg Green story raised credible concerns about non-additionality in the GreenTrees program, particularly enrolling and crediting landowners who have already reforested or committed to reforestation through participation in government-run conservation programs. See: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2020-12-17/the-real-trees-delivering-fake-climate-progress-for-corporate-america" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Project is formally listed on American Carbon Registry as ACR114. Significant project information available for early instances of the program. Verified public information about the current state of the project\u2013including the total area of land enrolled\u2013is lacking." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "reforestation" ], "id": "MSFT065", "description": "Restoring native forest ecosystems in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley through the GreenTrees ACRE program.", "applicant": "Shell Energy North America", "rating": "1", "keywords": "GreenTrees ACRE (Advanced Carbon Restored Ecosystem)", "methods": "Buffer is 16.62%, crediting period is 2008-2048, project area according to the 2020 ACR verification is ~115,000 acres planted with cottonwood and native hardwoods. Project claims an estimated total removal of 200 tCO\u2082/ac, for a basic removal rate of (200 tCO\u2082/ac * 2.471 ac/ha)/40yr = 12.4 tCO\u2082/ha/yr. USFS yield tables for Oak-hickory in the South Central region (0-30 yrs) indicate a growth rate of 6.92 tCO\u2082/ha/yr. Elm-ash-cottonwood (South Central, 0-30 yrs) has a growth rate of 6.57 tCO\u2082/ha/yr. Project claims high density intercropping with removal of all cottonwood at 25 years. If both cottonwoods and hardwoods achieved \u201cnormal\u201d growth during these early years, removal rate could be estimated as 6.92 + 6.57 = 13.49 tCO\u2082/ha/yr. Project includes credits for increased soil carbon, with an ex ante assumption of 1.1876 tCO\u2082/ac/year for 20 years following tree planting. [Credible concerns](https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2020-12-17/the-real-trees-delivering-fake-climate-progress-for-corporate-america) have been raised about the additionality of properties enrolled in this program.", "location": { "name": "Mississippi Alluvial Valley, USA" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://green-trees.com/" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in timber plantations.", "comment": "Project establishes Pine and Eucalyptus plantations with claimed growth enhancement from mycorrhizal innoculation. Project completes two 20 year harvest rotations of Pine and four 10 year harvest cycles for Eucalyptus during project period." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 5000000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers up to 5,000,000 tCO\u2082 removal via an expansion of an existing project. A 10% buffer pool is maintained to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "Project claims removal rate of 23.9 tCO\u2082/ha/yr for Pinus radiata which is well above published ranges (15-21 tCO\u2082/ha/yr). Project claims 21.7 tCO\u2082/ha/yr removal for Eucalyptus globulus, which falls on the high end of published ranges (13-23 tCO\u2082/ha/yr). This pattern may be explained by the claimed growth enhancement as a result of mycorrhizal innoculation (41.% and 47% respectively), but there is not sufficient public information to validate the efficacy of the innoculant. Project methodology includes carbon removal attributed to soil." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity. See Specificity comment." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 100.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 100 year permanence.", "comment": "Socioeconomic risks are significant on this time horizon due to the risk of default or bankruptcy." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "Counterfactual specified is continuation of degraded grassland.", "comment": "This offer is an invitation for Microsoft to fund the expansion of an existing project." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Project is formally listed on Verra as VCS1055. Reasonable project detail available. Third party verification of innoculant efficiacy lacking." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "reforestation" ], "id": "MSFT066", "description": "Establishing plantations in Chile using Mikro-Tek's proprietary mycorrhizal innoculation technology.", "applicant": "ClimateCare Oxford", "rating": "1", "keywords": "Mikro-Tek", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Chile" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://registry.verra.org/app/projectDetail/VCS/1055" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in forests, and avoids emissions from forest loss.", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 157000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 157,000 tCO\u2082 removal from a grouped project that currently includes 27,338 acres of harvested forestland. Seller offers 17,000 tCO\u2082 removal generated during 2020,and 140,000 tCO\u2082 removal to be generated over the next three years. The three current instances of this project are located in Oregon, but the grouped project may add instances in Washington or California as well. A 25-27% risk buffer (dependent on the geography of the project instance) is maintained to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "Seller does not specify if removal sold will be generated from exiting project instances or from instances added in future years. Since project instances with very different forest types can be added to this grouped project with little public documentation, it's not possible to validate this volume. Seller claims to offer removal only. Since registries do not track removal and avoided emissions as separate types of carbon benefits, there is no way to validate that the removal slice of the project will not be sold again in the future." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 19.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Seller claims 30 year permanence.", "comment": "Each instance of this grouped project operates with a unique 30 year lifetime. The first instance was added in 2010 and has 19 years remaining, which we report as the permanence." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "Counterfactual specified is maximizing net present value for forest owners with 30-35 year old commercial clear cuts, removing all merchantable trees.", "comment": "Carbon credits produced through 2019 have already been sold to GM and Nike." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Project is formally listed on Verra as VCS1367. Significant project information available for the three existing project instances. No information available for planned group project expansion." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "ifm" ], "id": "MSFT067", "description": "Enabling climate-smart forestry through the EFM IFM Project.", "applicant": "Ecotrust Forest Management", "rating": "2", "keywords": "", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Oregon, Washington, & California USA" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://efmi.com/management-approach/" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in forests.", "comment": "Project establishes teak plantations and encourages the natural regeneration of native species." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 10000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Seller offers 10,000 tCO\u2082 removal from a 1096.25 ha project area. The offered volume is just a portion of the total carbon benefits attributed to the project. A 10% risk buffer is maintained to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "Growth estimates are taken from the IPCC Guidelines for National greenhouse Gas Inventories (2006)." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity. See Specificity comment." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 18.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Seller claims 19 year permanence.", "comment": "Project lifetime appears to be 40 years (1999-2039), with 18 years remaining, which we report as the permanence." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "Counterfactual specified is continued state of degraded cropland or grassland subject to grazing activities.", "comment": "According to project documentation, reforestation in this project area started in 1999. Planting was completed in 2003. The project did not register to generate carbon offset income until 2011, and many of the historic carbon benefits have already been sold with the promise of permanence until the end of the project term in 2032." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Project is formally listed on Verra as VCS665. Significant project information available." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "reforestation" ], "id": "MSFT071", "description": "Multi-species reforestation project in Matto Grosso by ONF and Peugeot.", "applicant": "Pachama", "rating": "2", "keywords": "ONF, Peugeot", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Brazil" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://pachama.com/explorer/project/la-fazenda" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for sequestration in forests and trees in agroforestry systems.", "comment": "Project pursues native species restoration on 10,000 ha, and plants trees on 5,000 ha of farmer-owned land converted to agroforestry systems." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 9000000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 9,000,000 tCO\u2082 removal from a ~15,000 ha project area. A buffer pool will be maintained to mitigate against reversals following the VCS methodology.", "comment": "There is not enough information to validate this volume. See Specificity comment." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 30.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 30 year permanence.", "comment": "No information regarding the project's contractual commitments is available. See Specificity comment." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "No counterfactual is specified.", "comment": "Project land is owned by the Elliotsville Foundation, and appears to be operated to maintain year-round recreational use on the property. More information about the baseline and project harvest scenarios used to credit the project would be needed to validate additionality. Special attention should be to the claimed baseline in the context of ongoing land use. Overall, there is not enough information to evaluate additionality." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "The only public documentation currently available is the application to the Microsoft 2021 Carbon Removal RFP, which does not include key project details." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "reforestation" ], "id": "MSFT072", "description": "Carbon dioxide removal through agroforestry and reforestation.", "applicant": "Tree Global", "rating": "1", "keywords": "", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Ghana" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://www.restorationcarbon.org" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for sequestration in farmer-owned trees.", "comment": "Project partners with small-holder farmers to plant trees on farmer-owned land." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 20000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 20,000 tCO\u2082 removal over a 777.1 ha project area. The offered volume is just a portion of the total carbon benefits attributed to the project. A 10% buffer pool is maintained to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "Project estimates net CO\u2082 removal based on four tree classes. The TIST project allows farmers to choose which species of tree to plant on their land. Validation of volume would require documentation of tree species actually established." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 12.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Seller claims 12 year permanence.", "comment": "Project lifetime appears to be 30 years (2003-2032)." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "70% of carbon credit profits are directed to the farmers who own the trees, plausibly changing the incentive structure around their land use. TIST Uganda started in 2003, but did not register to recieve carbon credits until 2013. Between 2003 and 2013, the TIST program recieved significant international funding. Without clear vintaging of the offer, this raises a concern about the additionality of historical carbon credits." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Project is formally listed on Verra as VCS824. Reasonable details provided on project design and early instances of this grouped project. Live updates from some projects available via crowdsourced database online." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "reforestation" ], "id": "MSFT073", "description": "Reforestation project with small-holder farmers through the TIST Program in Uganda.", "applicant": "Pachama", "rating": "1", "keywords": "TIST Program", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Uganda" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://program.tist.org/uganda" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Removes carbon from atmosphere for sequestration in agricultural soil, and avoids emissions through modified agricultural practices.", "comment": "Project claims carbon benefits from no-till farming, crop rotations, use of compost and manure, and use of livestock to enhance crop residue recovery." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 15000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 15,000 tCO\u2082 removal, over 31 fields which together project 19,000 tCO\u2082 removal.", "comment": "Volume is calculated using the COMET-Farm model. Project locations are specified and COMET-Farm is a publicly available tool. Validating volume further would require knowing model parameters used, having more complete plot details, and knowing more about proposal duration." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 10.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Seller claims 10 year permanence.", "comment": "Soil carbon storage can last for decades or more, but it can also be reversed by changes to land use or management practices. Nori requires a 10-year contractual commitment from its projects, which is a reasonable timeframe given bankruptcy and default risks." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "No counterfactual is specified.", "comment": "The participating farmer implemented no-till practices in 2012, modified fertilizer application practices in 2015, and started using compost in 2016. Significant co-benefits (a 2x improvement to yeilds) are claimed alongside carbon benefits as a result of these management changes." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Project is formally listed on Nori. Several project details (e.g. plot locations) are available. Volume and LCA methods are based on the public and published COMET-Farm model. Specific parameters used for model are not public, limiting ability for independent analysis and quantification." } ], "tags": [ "soil", "farming" ], "id": "MSFT074", "description": "Soil carbon sequestration via regenerative agriculture with Garrett Land and Cattle.", "applicant": "Nori", "rating": "1", "keywords": "Garrett Land and Cattle", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Iowa, USA" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://nori.com/supplier/garrett-land-and-cattle" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for sequestration in farmer-owned trees.", "comment": "Project partners with small-holder farmers to plant trees on farmer-owned land." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 50000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 50,000 tCO\u2082 removal over a 722.6 acre project area. The offered volume is just a portion of the total carbon benefits attributed to the project. A 10% buffer pool is maintained to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "Project estimates net CO\u2082 removal based on four tree classes. The TIST project allows farmers to choose which species of tree to plant on their land. Validation of volume would require documentation of tree species actually established." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 12.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Seller claims 44 year permanence.", "comment": "Project lifetime appears to be 30 years (2003-2032), with 12 years remaining." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "70% of net carbon finance profits are directed to the farmers who own the trees, plausibly changing the incentive structure around their land use. TIST Uganda started in 2003, but did not register to recieve carbon credits until 2013. Between 2003 and 2013, the TIST program recieved significant international funding. Without clear vintaging of the offer, this raises a concern about the additionality of historical carbon credits." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Project is formally listed on Verra as VCS993. Reasonable details provided on project design and early instances of this grouped project. Live updates from some projects available via crowdsourced database online." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "reforestation" ], "id": "MSFT075", "description": "Reforestation project with small-holder farmers through the TIST Program in Uganda.", "applicant": "Clean Air Action", "rating": "1", "keywords": "TIST Program", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Uganda" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://program.tist.org/" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Removes carbon from atmosphere for sequestration in rangeland soil.", "comment": "Project applies compost to grazed rangelands to increase soil organic carbon. Project seeks support to expands upon a pilot project." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 2.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 2 tCO\u2082 removal. It is unclear if this volume is carbon removal from the pilot project, or if it is attributed to the project expansion. A buffer pool will be maintained to mitigate against reversals according to the ACR methodology.", "comment": "Pilot project design is well described, but no data or conclusions are publicly available. Validation of volume would at a minimum require clear project specifics (volume claimed over a specific area for a specific time period), clear communication of methodology used, or data from pilot plots." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 40.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 40 year permanence.", "comment": "Contract terms with landowner not specified." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to evaluate additionality." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Specificity around credited activities, participating lands, and volume estimation methodology is not publicly availabe." } ], "tags": [ "soil", "conversion" ], "id": "MSFT076", "description": "Enhancing rangeland soil health and carbon sequestration with compost.", "applicant": "3Degrees", "rating": "1", "keywords": "", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "California, USA" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://carbonthroughcompost.wordpress.com/home-2/" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in forests, and avoids emissions from forest loss.", "comment": "Project allows forest to regrow from below common practice carbon stock without harvest." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 600000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 600,000 tCO\u2082 removal from an unknown project area. A buffer pool will be maintained to mitigate against reversals following the ACR methodology.", "comment": "There is not enough information to validate this volume. See Specificity comment. Validation would at minimum require details regarding project area, forest type and claimed baseline." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 120.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 120 year permanence.", "comment": "No information regarding the project's contractual commitments is available. See Specificity comment. Socioeconomic risks are significant due to the risk of default or bankruptcy on this time horizon." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to evaluate additionality." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "The only public documentation currently available is the application to the Microsoft 2021 Carbon Removal RFP, which does not include key project details and credeting methodologies." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "ifm" ], "id": "MSFT077", "description": "Increasing carbon sequestration through the Grizzly IFM project.", "applicant": "Green Diamond", "rating": "1", "keywords": "Grizzly", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Montana, USA" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "", "url": "" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in forests.", "comment": "Project partners with small-holder farmers to establish plantations on farmer-owned land." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 40000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 40,000 tCO\u2082 removal from an unknown project area. The offered volume is just a portion of the total carbon benefits attributed to the project. Project parcels are owned by smallholder coffee farmers and planted with a mixture of timber, shade, conservation-oriented, and fruit trees. A 10% risk buffer is maintained to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "Project assumes a removal rate of 17.2 tCO\u2082/ha/yr up to a maximum of 258.5 tCO\u2082/ha. However, the uncertainty inherent in the reporting structure of the grouped project makes it difficult to validate the offered volume. This grouped project indicates plans for expansion through 2028, and lists 56 species of trees which farmers may choose from to establish plantations." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 33.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 80 year permanence.", "comment": "Project lifetime appears to be 40 years (2014-2054), with 33 years remaining, which we report as the permanence." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "Counterfactual specified is continuation of pre-project land use, i.e. unused degraded land, cropland, and pasture/grassland.", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Project is formally listed on Verra as VCS1682. Significant project design detail available for early instances of grouped project." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "reforestation" ], "id": "MSFT078", "description": "Afforestation and reforestation with coffee farmers by PUR Projet.", "applicant": "ClimateCare", "rating": "1", "keywords": "PUR Projet", "methods": "Involved parties include ClimateCare Oxford, and PUR Projet. Buffer is 10%, crediting period is 2014-2054, project area is 578 ha planted with 56 different species and 4 different planting model. Basic carbon removal rate is estimated to be 17.23 tCO\u2082/ha/yr, with 258.5 tCO\u2082/ha max above-ground standing stock.", "location": { "name": "Columbia" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://www.purprojet.com/project/coffee-for-peace/" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in forests, and avoids emissions from forest loss.", "comment": "Project pursues forest rehabilitation by planting new trees under existing forest canopy, tending to established forests, and performing enrichment planting." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 3100000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 3,100,000 tCO\u2082 removal from a 123,000 ha project area, with 646,000 offered in FY2021.", "comment": "Seller claims to offer removal only. Since registries do not track removal and avoided emissions as separate types of carbon benefits, there is no way to validate that the removal slice of the project has not already been sold, or will not be sold again in the future." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "Seller claims that there are no fossil fuel emissions associated with project. No public information is available to validate." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 60.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 60 year permanence.", "comment": "No information regarding the project's contractual commitments is available, though seller indicates that project land is put under conservation easement." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to evaluate additionality. Project is implemented by a state-owned forestry enterprise and carried out in a region that has been declared of ecological significance by the state." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Project is formally listed on China Certified Emission Reductions as CCER682. Very little public information is available for this project. Listing in registry cannot be found." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "ifm" ], "id": "MSFT079", "description": "Improved forest management project in Cuiluan.", "applicant": "The Nature Conservancy", "rating": "1", "keywords": "Cuiluan", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Heilongjiang Province, China" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "", "url": "" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in forests, and avoids emissions from forest loss.", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 200000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 200,000 tCO\u2082 removal over a 97,208 acre project. The offered volume is just a portion of the total carbon benefits attributed to the project. Project contributes 19% of carbon benefits generated to a buffer pool to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "Seller claims to offer removal only. Since registries do not track removal and avoided emissions as separate types of carbon benefits, there is no way to validate that the removal slice of the project has not already been sold, or will not be sold again in the future." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 94.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 100 year permanence.", "comment": "Project lifetime appears to be 100 years (2015-2115) with 94 years remaining, which we report as the permanence. Socioeconomic risks are significant on this time horizon as project involves complex financial transactions between The Forestland Group, multiple project developers, and Cumberland Forest LP (a finance arm of TNC)." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "Counterfactual is continued use of land for timber harvest, recreation, and natural gas extraction.", "comment": "Credited project activities began in 2015. Without clear vintaging, offered carbon benefits could have been generated as much as 6 years ago." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Project is formally listed on American Carbon Registry as ACR248 and CAFR5198. This is a compliance project. Significant project information available from multiple public sources, including registry listings." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "ifm" ], "id": "MSFT080", "description": "Improved forest management at The Forestland Group Highlands through the Cumberland Forest Project.", "applicant": "The Nature Conservancy", "rating": "1", "keywords": "Cumberland Forest Project, Forestland Group Highlands", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Virginia, USA" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://www.nature.org/en-us/what-we-do/our-priorities/protect-water-and-land/land-and-water-stories/cumberland-forest-project/?vu=cumberland" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in forests, and avoids emissions from forest loss.", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 900000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 900,000 tCO\u2082 removal from changes in forest management over 402,349 acres. The offered volume is just a portion of the total carbon benefits attributed to the project. Project contributes 18% of carbon benefits generated to a buffer pool to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "Not enough information available to verfiy removal volume. Seller claims to offer removal only. Since registries do not track removal and avoided emissions as separate types of carbon benefits, there is no way to validate that the removal slice of the project has not already been sold, or will not be sold again in the future." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 94.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 120 year permanence.", "comment": "Project must maintain carbon stocks for 100 years following the year of issuance of any carbon credit. We therefore report the permanence for the first credits issued in 2015 (94 years remaining). Socioeconomic risks are significant on this time horizon due to the risk of default or bankruptcy. Physical risk to this project is high as carbon benifits rely on the sustained growth of ponderosa pine, a fire-prone species, in an area with a high fire risk." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "Counterfactual is harvest of forest carbon on an aggressive 10 year cycle.", "comment": "The claimed counterfactual seems radical given the typical 30-60 year harvest cycle for ponderosa pine. Credited project activities began in 2015. Without clear vintaging, offered carbon benefits could have been generated up to 6 years ago." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Project is formally listed on American Carbon Registry as ACR273 and CAFR5233. This is a compliance project. Significant project information available from multiple public sources, including registry documentation." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "ifm" ], "id": "MSFT081", "description": "Increasing carbon sequestration by improving timberland management at Klamath East IFM.", "applicant": "Green Diamond", "rating": "1", "keywords": "Klamath East", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Oregon, USA" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://acr2.apx.com/mymodule/reg/prjView.asp?id1=273" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in forests, and avoids emissions from forest loss.", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 75000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 75,000 tCO\u2082 removal from changes in forest management over a 16,908 acre project area, with 15,000 tCO\u2082 offered in FY2021. The offered volume is just a portion of the total carbon benefits attributed to the project. Project contributes 19% of carbon benefits generated to a buffer pool to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "Not enough information available to verfiy removal volume. Seller claims to offer removal only. Since registries do not track removal and avoided emissions as separate types of carbon benefits, there is no way to validate that the removal slice of the project has not already been sold, or will not be sold again in the future." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 94.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 100 year permanence.", "comment": "Project lifetime appears to be 100 years (2015-2115) with 94 years remaining, which we report as the permanence. Socioeconomic risks are significant on this time horizon as project involves complex financial transactions between The Forestland Group, multiple project developers, and Cumberland Forest LP (a finance arm of TNC)." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "Counterfactual is continued use of land for timber harvest, recreation, and natural gas extraction.", "comment": "Credited project activities began in 2015. Without clear vintaging, offered carbon benefits could have been generated as much as 6 years ago." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Project is formally listed on American Carbon Registry as ACR279 and CAFR 5229. This is a compliance project. Significant project information available from multiple public sources, including registry listings." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "ifm" ], "id": "MSFT082", "description": "Improved forest management at Lonesome Pine through the Cumberland Forest Project.", "applicant": "The Nature Conservancy", "rating": "1", "keywords": "Cumberland Forest Project, Lonesome Pine", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Virginia, USA" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://www.nature.org/en-us/what-we-do/our-priorities/protect-water-and-land/land-and-water-stories/cumberland-forest-project/?vu=cumberland" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in forests, and avoids emissions from forest loss.", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 112000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 112,000 tCO\u2082 removal from changes in forest management over a 9,753 acre project area, with 88,000 tCO\u2082 offered in 2021. The total offered volume is just a portion of the carbon benefits attributed to the project. Project contributes 19% of carbon benefits generated to a buffer pool to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "Not enough information available to verfiy removal volume. Seller claims to offer removal only. Since registries do not track removal and avoided emissions as separate types of carbon benefits, there is no way to validate that the removal slice of the project has not already been sold, or will not be sold again in the future." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 92.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 100 year permanence.", "comment": "Project lifetime appears to be 100 years (2013-2113) with 92 years remaining, which we report as the permanence. Socioeconomic risks are significant on this time horizon as project involves complex financial transactions between The Forestland Group, multiple project developers, and Cumberland Forest LP (a finance arm of TNC)." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "Counterfactual is continued use of land for timber harvest, recreation, and natural gas extraction.", "comment": "95% of the project area is under a permanent conservation easement. Credited project activities began in 2015. Without clear vintaging, offered carbon benefits could have been generated as much as 8 years ago." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Project is formally listed on Climate Action Reserve as CAR1032 and CAFR5037. This is a compliance project. Significant project information available from multiple public sources, including registry listings." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "ifm" ], "id": "MSFT083", "description": "Improved forest management at Virginia Highlands I through the Cumberland Forest Project.", "applicant": "The Nature Conservancy", "rating": "1", "keywords": "Cumberland Forest Project, Virginia Highlands I", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Virginia, USA" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://www.nature.org/en-us/what-we-do/our-priorities/protect-water-and-land/land-and-water-stories/cumberland-forest-project/?vu=cumberland" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Avoids biomass emissions by burying wood waste in covered pits.", "comment": "Technology has not been vetted in practice nor explored carefully in the scientific literature. Constuction of pilot pit began in November 2020. From a broad lifecycle perspective, successful deployment would form a carbon removal pathway when coupled to biomass production. From a narrow, project-specific lifecycle perspective, project would only avoid biogenic CO\u2082 emissions." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 53308.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 53,308 tCO\u2082 removal from the future storage of timber slash, with 22,616 tCO\u2082 offered in FY2021.", "comment": "Total volume could be plausible given project claim of access to 100,000 t slash / year. Validation of volume additionally depends on validation of pit design, for which specifics are not available." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Project reports 1215 tCO\u2082 emitted from diesel-burning equipment. Project mentions that excess gas emission from pit leakage will be flared at the surface and included in the LCA.", "comment": "Relatively few details provided. Serious analysis required around the potential for emissions to leak from pit." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 100.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 100 year permanence.", "comment": "Pits are partially above-ground. Risks of emission leakage or anaerobic decomposition not addressed comprehensively." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "There is no commercial value to storing wood waste in pits. Further analysis would require knowing competing uses for feedstock." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Only publication on technique is a speculative research proposal. Demonstration projects in early phases." } ], "tags": [ "biomass", "storage" ], "id": "MSFT084", "description": "Carbon sequestration via logging and wood burial.", "applicant": "Carbon Sequestration", "rating": "1", "keywords": "", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Texas, USA" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://www.carbonsequestration-inc.com" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in forests, and avoids emissions from forest loss.", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 6856.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 6,856 tCO\u2082 removal over a 5750 acre project area. The offered volume is just a portion of the total carbon benefits attributed to the project. Project contributes 20% of carbon benefits generated to a buffer pool to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "Not enough information available to verfiy removal volume. Seller claims to offer removal only. Since registries do not track removal and avoided emissions as separate types of carbon benefits, there is no way to validate that the removal slice of the project has not already been sold, or will not be sold again in the future." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 81.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 100 year permanence.", "comment": "Project lifetime appears to be 100 years (2002-2102) with 81 years remaining, which we report as the permanence. Socioeconomic risks are significant on this time horizon due to the risk of default or bankruptcy." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "Counterfactual is not provided.", "comment": "TNC acquired the forest management easment to this property in 2002 (the beginning of credited activities), and registered to recieve carbon financing in 2010. Without clear vintaging, offered carbon benefits could be as much as 19 years old. Carbon financing purportedly provides the option to sell carbon instead of timber. Carbon revenue may surpass the value of timber (based on NPV), so purchasing from this project may be better understood as a donation to future conservation efforts rather the purchase of a specific quantity of carbon removal." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Project is formally listed on Climate Action Reserve as CAR696. Key project documentation in CAR registry has broken links. Reasonable project information still publicly accessible through application to Microsoft's carbon removal purchase and third party auditing documents on the registry." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "ifm" ], "id": "MSFT085", "description": "Protecting forest carbon stock at Rich Mountain through the Clinch Valley Conservation program.", "applicant": "The Nature Conservancy", "rating": "1", "keywords": "Clinch Valley Conservation, Rich Mountain", "methods": "Involved parties include The Nature Conservancy and Stuart Land and Cattle Co. Buffer is 20.22%, project term is 2002-2102, project area is 5750 acres of mixed pine hardwood, cove, northern hardwoods, and oak-hickory forests. Registry shows project has recieved 197,247 credits total, and retired 48,158. Project design document link on registry is broken; project details sourced from the 2002-2011 verification report.", "location": { "name": "Virginia, USA" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://www.nature.org/en-us/about-us/where-we-work/united-states/virginia/stories-in-virginia/clinch-valley-conservation-forestry/" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in forests, and avoids emissions from forest loss.", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 140267.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 140,267 tCO\u2082 removal over a 11,090 acre project area, with 37,967 tCO\u2082 available in FY2021. The total offered volume is just a portion of the carbon benefits attributed to the project. Project contributes 19.24% of carbon benefits generated to a buffer pool to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "Not enough information available to verfiy removal volume. Seller claims to offer removal only. Since registries do not track removal and avoided emissions as separate types of carbon benefits, there is no way to validate that the removal slice of the project has not already been sold, or will not be sold again in the future." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 83.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 100 year permanence.", "comment": "Project lifetime appears over 100 years (2004-2104), with 83 years remaining, which we report as the permanence. Socioeconomic risks are significant on this time horizon due to the risk of default or bankruptcy." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "Counterfactual is dramatic harvest over the first 10 years of the project, followed by growth and another harvest to legal and economic limits in 2065.", "comment": "TNC acquired the forest management easment to this property in 2004 (the beginning of credited activities), and registered to recieve carbon financing in 2012. Without clear vintaging, offered carbon benefits could be as much as 17 years old. Carbon financing purportedly provides the option to sell carbon instead of timber. Carbon revenue may surpass the value of timber (based on NPV), so purchasing from this project may be better understood as a donation to future conservation efforts rather the purchase of a specific quantity of carbon removal." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Project is formally listed on Climate Action Reserve as CAR1147. Significant project information available from multiple public sources, including the CAR registry." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "ifm" ], "id": "MSFT086", "description": "Protecting forest carbon stock at Tazewell Elk Garden through the Clinch Valley Conservation program.", "applicant": "The Nature Conservancy", "rating": "1", "keywords": "Clinch Valley Conservation, Tazewell Elk Garden", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Virginia, USA" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://www.nature.org/en-us/about-us/where-we-work/united-states/virginia/stories-in-virginia/clinch-valley-conservation-forestry/" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Removes carbon from atmosphere for sequestration in rangeland soil, and avoids emissions through modified agricultural practices.", "comment": "Broker provides an incentive for farmers to adopt agricultural practices that increase carbon sequestration in soils, including cover cropping, reduced tillage, diversifying crop rotations, and reducing fertilizer use." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 6225000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 6,225,000 tCO\u2082 removal over an unspecified project area, with 25,000 tCO\u2082 offered in FY2021. A buffer pool will be maintained to mitigate against reversals according to the ACR or Verra methodology.", "comment": "Validation of volume would at a minimum require information on specific projects, and values are only plausible under a significant scale of participation, for example, 6M ha of farmland at a rate of 1 tCO\u2082 / ha / yr." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 100.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 100 year permanence.", "comment": "Soil carbon storage can last for decades or more, but it can also be reversed by changes to land use or management practices. No information is provided as to the contract terms with participating farmers." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to evaluate additionality. Significant co-benefits to land managers claimed alongside climate benefits offered for sale." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "No information or data on specific projects are publicly available." } ], "tags": [ "soil", "farming" ], "id": "MSFT087", "description": "Regenerative farming practices for soil carbon sequestration.", "applicant": "Indigo Ag", "rating": "1", "keywords": "", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "USA" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://www.indigoag.com/for-growers/indigo-carbon" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in forests, and avoids emissions from forest loss.", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 250000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 250,000 tCO\u2082 removal from changes in forest management over a 81,408 acre project area, with 50,000 tCO\u2082 offered in FY2021. The offered volume is just a portion of the total carbon benefits attributed to the project. Project contributes ~19% of carbon benefits generated to a buffer pool to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "Not enough information available to verfiy removal volume. Seller claims to offer removal only. Since registries do not track removal and avoided emissions as separate types of carbon benefits, there is no way to validate that the removal slice of the project has not already been sold, or will not be sold again in the future." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 94.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 100 year permanence.", "comment": "Project lifetime appears to be 100 years (2015-2115) with 94 years remaining, which we report as the permanence. Socioeconomic risks are significant on this time horizon as project involves complex financial transactions between The Forestland Group, multiple project developers, and Cumberland Forest LP (a finance arm of TNC)." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "Counterfactual is continued use of land for timber harvest, recreation and natural gas extraction.", "comment": "Credited project activities began in 2015. Without clear vintaging, offered carbon benefits could have been generated as much as 6 years ago." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Project is formally listed on Climate Action Reserve as CAR1215 and CAFR5315. This is a compliance project. Significant project information available from multiple public sources, including registry listings." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "ifm" ], "id": "MSFT089", "description": "Improved forest management at Molpus Ataya through the Cumberland Forest Project.", "applicant": "The Nature Conservancy", "rating": "1", "keywords": "Cumberland Forest Project, Molpus Ataya", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Tennessee & Kentucky, USA" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://thereserve2.apx.com/mymodule/reg/TabDocuments.asp?r=111&ad=Prpt&act=update&type=PRO&aProj=pub&tablename=doc&id1=1215" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in forests, and avoids emissions from forest loss.", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 77248.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 77,248 tCO\u2082 removal over a 4001 acre project area, with 42,968 tCO\u2082 offered in FY2021. The total offered volume is just a portion of the carbon benefits attributed to the project. Project contributes 19.24% of carbon benefits generated to a buffer pool to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "Not enough information available to verfiy removal volume. Seller claims to offer removal only. Since registries do not track removal and avoided emissions as separate types of carbon benefits, there is no way to validate that the removal slice of the project has not already been sold, or will not be sold again in the future." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 82.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 100 year permanence.", "comment": "Project lifetime appears to be 100 years (2003-2103), with 82 years remaining. Socioeconomic risks are significant on this time horizon due to the risk of default or bankruptcy." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "Counterfactual is dramatic harvest over the first 10 years of the project, followed by growth and another harvest to legal and economic limits in 2072.", "comment": "TNC acquired the forest management easment to this property in 2003 (the beginning of credited activities), and registered to recieve carbon financing in 2015. Without clear vintaging, offered carbon benefits could be as much as 18 years old. Carbon financing purportedly provides the option to sell carbon instead of timber. Carbon revenue may surpass the value of timber (based on NPV), so purchasing from this project may be better understood as a donation to future conservation efforts rather the purchase of a specific quantity of carbon removal." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Project is formally listed on Climate Action Reserve as CAR1160. Significant project information available from multiple public sources, including the CAR registry." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "ifm" ], "id": "MSFT090", "description": "Protecting forest carbon stock at Clifton Farm through the Clinch Valley Conservation program.", "applicant": "The Nature Conservancy", "rating": "1", "keywords": "Clinch Valley, Clifton Farm", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Virginia, USA" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://thereserve2.apx.com/mymodule/reg/TabDocuments.asp?r=111&ad=Prpt&act=update&type=PRO&aProj=pub&tablename=doc&id1=1160" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in forests.", "comment": "Project partners with small-holder farmers to establish plantations on farmer-owned land." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 480000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 480,000 tCO\u2082 removal from two projects in Peru, with 200,000 tCO\u2082 offered in FY2021. The offered volume is just a portion of the total carbon benefits attributed to the projects. Each project maintains a 10% risk buffer is maintained to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "This is a combined offer from two distinct projects in Peru. One is a standalone project, and the other is a grouped project with plans for 20x expansion from 2016-2026. Seller does not attribute carbon benefits offered to one project or the other. The inherent uncertainty in the reporting structure of the grouped project makes it difficult to validate the offered volume." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 27.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Seller claims 80 year permanence.", "comment": "Project lifetimes appear to be 40 years (2008-2048) and 60 years (2010-2070), respectively. For consistency with other projects, we report 27 years, the minimum of the years remaining in each project lifetime." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "Counterfactual specified is continuation of pre-project land use, i.e. unused degraded land, cropland, and pasture/grassland.", "comment": "Proposal appears to mix together two types of credits. The grouped project (Jubilacion Segura) is still in the process of expansion, and carbon finance could plausibly lead to additional planting. This is mixed together with a project that is credited for activities beginning in 2008. Without clear vintaging, the credits from this project could be as much as 13 years old. Since these are mixed together, we score additionality conservatively, based on the vintaging challenges of the latter." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Projects are formally listed on Verra as VCS1496 / VCS796. Reasonable details provided on project design for both projects. Current information for grouped project is lacking." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "reforestation" ], "id": "MSFT092", "description": "Agroforestry and reforestation with small-scale farmers though PUR Projet's Jubilacion Segura project.", "applicant": "ClimateCare Oxford", "rating": "1", "keywords": "PUR Projet, Jubilacion Segura", "methods": "Involved parties include PUR Projet and ClimateCare Oxford. Proposal provides two formal project IDs, both of which are PUR Projet projects in Peru (Jubilaci\u00f3n Segura and Alto Huayabamba). Proposal language refers to only one of these projects (Jubilaci\u00f3n Segura). Jubilaci\u00f3n Segura is a grouped project. Buffer is 10%, crediting period is 2010-2069, project area for documented instances is 1602 ha planted with 22 distinct tree species. Alto Huyabamba is not a grouped project. Buffer is 10%, crediting period is 2008-2048, and project area is 2300 ha planted with 11 species.", "location": { "name": "Peru" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://www.purprojet.com/project/jubilacion-segura/" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Removes carbon from atmosphere for sequestration in rangeland soil.", "comment": "Broker provides an incentive to adopt agricultural practices that increase carbon sequestration in soils. Project activities are not prescribed by the program. Multiple established soil carbon removal pathways exist, but validating project mechanisms would require specific project details." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 100.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 100 tCO\u2082 removal from an unknown project area. A 10% buffer pool will be maintained to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "Volume is calculated using the COMET-Farm model, however input parameters are not available. Validation of volume would at a minimum require clear project specifics." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 10.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Seller claims 10 year permanence.", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "No counterfactual is specified.", "comment": "There is not enough information to evaluate additionality. Significant co-benefits to land managers claimed alongside climate benefits offered for sale." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "No information or data on specific projects are publicly available." } ], "tags": [ "soil", "farming" ], "id": "MSFT094", "description": "Generating soil carbon with farmer-centric incentives for verifiable outcomes.", "applicant": "Cargill", "rating": "1", "keywords": "", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Iowa, USA" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://www.theoutcomesfund.com/" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Removes carbon from atmosphere for sequestration in agricultural soil and forests. Avoids emissions through modified agricultural practices and reduced forest loss.", "comment": "Project pursues a suite of interventions to reduce agricultural emissions and increase soil organic carbon. In addition, project supports land use planning and the creation of conservation areas to reduce forest loss." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 330000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 330,000 tCO\u2082 removal from an unknown project area. The offered volume is just a portion of the total carbon benefits attributed to the project. An 11% buffer pool is maintained to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "Seller claims to offer removal only. Since registries do not track removal and avoided emissions as separate types of carbon benefits, there is no way to validate that the removal slice of the project has not already been sold, or will not be sold again in the future. The removal attributed to an increase in soil organic carbon is estimated using the Rothamsted Soil Carbon Model. No soil sampling is performed to train or validate this model." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 10.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Seller claims 10 year permanence.", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Project activities started in 2012. The carbon benefits offered are not clearly vintaged, leading to the concern the carbon benefits sold in this offer could have been generated up to 9 years ago." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Project is formally listed on Verra as VCS1532. Significant project design detail available for early instances of grouped project." } ], "tags": [ "soil", "forests" ], "id": "MSFT096", "description": "Promoting sustainable agriculture and forest conservation through the COMACO Landscape Management Project.", "applicant": "EDF Trading", "rating": "1", "keywords": "COMACO Landscape Management Project", "methods": "Involved parties include EDF Trading Limited, COMACO, and CO\u2082logic. Buffer is 11%, crediting period is 2012-2032, and other key project details are not available. Farmers are credited for activities that increase soil organic carbon stocks (including increasing field residue inputs and introducing agroforestry practices) or reduce N2O emissions through improved fertilizer management. Carbon benefits are quantified with the Rothamsted Soil Carbon Model.", "location": { "name": "Zambia" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://www.itswild.org" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in re-established woodlands.", "comment": "Project establishes native woodlands." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 16038.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 16,028 tCO\u2082 removal from an unknown project area. Project does not specify a mechanism to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "There is not enough information to validate this volume. See Specificity comment." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 100.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 100 year permanence.", "comment": "Socioeconomic risks are significant on this time horizon due to the risk of default or bankruptcy." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to evaluate additionality." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Project is formally listed on Woodland Carbon as 103000000017157. No documentation available for this project on registry." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "reforestation" ], "id": "MSFT097", "description": "Supports the UK's national tree planting ambitions at Tom's Wood.", "applicant": "ClimateCare Oxford", "rating": "1", "keywords": "Tom's Wood", "methods": "Involved parties include ClimateCare Oxford and a private landowner. From the formal ID provided in proposal, the project seems to be an unlisted instance of [this grouped project](https://mer.markit.com/br-reg/public/master-project.jsp?project_id=103000000017157).", "location": { "name": "England" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "", "url": "" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for sequestration in farmer-owned trees.", "comment": "Project partners with small-holder farmers to plant trees on farmer-owned land." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 150000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 150,000 tCO\u2082 removal from a project area of 5280 ha. This is a combined offering from two sub-projects in Kenya. The offered volume is just a portion of the total carbon benefits attributed to the project. A 10% buffer pool is maintained to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "This is a combined offer from two distinct grouped projects in Kenya, both under the TIST umbrella. Seller does not attribute carbon benefits offered to one project or the other. Projects estimate net CO\u2082 removal based on four tree classes, and allow farmers to choose which species to plant on their land. The uncertainty inherent in the reporting structure of the grouped project makes it difficult to validate the offered volume." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 13.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Seller claims 45 year permanence.", "comment": "Both sub-project lifetimes appear to be 30 years (2004-2033), with 13 years remaining." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "70% of net carbon finance profits are directed to the farmers who own the trees, plausibly changing the incentive structure around their land use. Project activities started in 2003, but did not register to recieve carbon credits until 2013. Between 2003 and 2013, the TIST program recieved significant international funding. Without clear vintaging of the offer, this raises a concern about the additionality of historical carbon credits." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Projects are formally listed on Verra as VCS737 / VCS996. Reasonable details provided on project design and early instances of this grouped project. Live updates from some projects available via crowdsourced database online." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "reforestation" ], "id": "MSFT098", "description": "Reforestation project with small-holder farmers through the TIST Program in Kenya.", "applicant": "Clean Air Action", "rating": "1", "keywords": "TIST Program", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Kenya" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://program.tist.org/" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in forests, and avoids emissions from forest loss.", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 590000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 590,000 tCO\u2082 removal from changes in forest management over a 185,000 acre project area, with 90,000 tCO\u2082 offered in FY2021. The offered volume is just a portion of the total carbon benefits attributed to the project. Project contributes 18% of carbon benefits generated to a buffer pool to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "Not enough information available to verfiy removal volume. Seller claims to offer removal only. Since registries do not track removal and avoided emissions as separate types of carbon benefits, there is no way to validate that the removal slice of the project has not already been sold, or will not be sold again in the future." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 93.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 120 years permanence.", "comment": "Project must maintain carbon stocks for 100 years following the year of issuance of any carbon credit. We therefore report the permanence for the first credits issued in 2014 (93 years remaining). Socioeconomic risks are significant on this time horizon due to the risk of default or bankruptcy. Physical risk to this project is high as carbon benifits rely on the sustained growth of ponderosa pine, a fire-prone species, in an area with a high fire risk." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "Counterfactual is harvest of forest carbon on an aggressive 10 year cycle.", "comment": "The claimed counterfactual seems radical given the typical 30-60 year harvest cycle for ponderosa pine. Credited project activities began in 2014. Without clear vintaging, offered carbon benefits could have been generated up to 7 years ago." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Project is formally listed on American Carbon Registry as ACR274 and CAFR 5234. This is a compliance project. Significant project information available from multiple public sources, including registry documentation." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "ifm" ], "id": "MSFT099", "description": "Increasing carbon sequestration by improving timberland management at Klamath West IFM.", "applicant": "Green Diamond", "rating": "1", "keywords": "Klamath West", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Oregon, USA" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://acr2.apx.com/mymodule/reg/prjView.asp?id1=274" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for sequestration in forests.", "comment": "Project plants a mix of native species on former pasture lands owned by the provencial government." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 10925.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 10,925 tCO\u2082 removal from a 56 ha project area. A 10% buffer pool will be maintained to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "Offer claims removal rate of 5.42 tCO\u2082/ha/yr, but does not specify species to be planted. See specificity comment." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 40.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 40 year permanence.", "comment": "Seller indicates that project land is owned by the provincial government, and is subject to laws prohibiting the harvest or sale of trees." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to evaluate additionality." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "The only public documentation currently available is the application to the Microsoft 2021 Carbon Removal RFP, which does not include key project details." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "reforestation" ], "id": "MSFT100", "description": "Reforestation of degraded lands in northern Spain.", "applicant": "Land Life Company", "rating": "1", "keywords": "", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Spain" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://landlifecompany.com/" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in forests, and avoids emissions from forest loss.", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 128978.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 128,978 tCO\u2082 removal over a 5747.19 acre project area, with 74,578 tCO\u2082 offered in FY2021. The offered volume is just a portion of the total carbon benefits attributed to the project. Project contributes 19.24% of carbon benefits generated to a buffer pool to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "Not enough information available to verfiy removal volume. Seller claims to offer removal only. Since registries do not track removal and avoided emissions as separate types of carbon benefits, there is no way to validate that the removal slice of the project has not already been sold, or will not be sold again in the future." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 81.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 100 year permanence.", "comment": "Project lifetime appears to be 100 years (2002-2102), with 81 years remaining, which we report as the permanence. Socioeconomic risks are significant on this time horizon due to the risk of default or bankruptcy." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "Counterfactual is dramatic harvest over the first 10 years of the project, followed by growth and another harvest to legal and economic limits in 2074.", "comment": "TNC acquired the forest management easment to this property in 2002 (the beginning of credited activities), and registered to recieve carbon financing in 2015. Without clear vintaging, offered carbon benefits could be as much as 19 years old. Carbon financing purportedly provides the option to sell carbon instead of timber. Carbon revenue may surpass the value of timber (based on NPV), so purchasing from this project may be better understood as a donation to future conservation efforts rather the purchase of a specific quantity of carbon removal." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Project is formally listed on Climate Action Reserve as CAR1159. Significant project information available from multiple public sources, including the CAR registry." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "ifm" ], "id": "MSFT101", "description": "Protecting forest carbon stock at Rich Mountain through the Clinch Valley Conservation program.", "applicant": "The Nature Conservancy", "rating": "1", "keywords": "Clinch Valley Conservation, Rich Mountain", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Virginia, USA" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://thereserve2.apx.com/mymodule/reg/TabDocuments.asp?r=111&ad=Prpt&act=update&type=PRO&aProj=pub&tablename=doc&id1=1159" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in forests, and avoids emissions from forest loss.", "comment": "Project pays landowners to adopt specified forest management practices." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 1400000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 1,400,000 tCO\u2082 removal from the future enrollment of landowners in forest management program. Program aims to enroll 500,000 acres in the next 5-7 years. A buffer pool will be maintained to mitigate against reversals following the VCS methodology.", "comment": "Program pays participating landowners not for a specific quantity of carbon removed from their individual lands, but for completing forest management practices the program claims will increase forest carbon across the landscape of participating forest owners. Public information about the landscape-level estimation of carbon benefits would be necessary to validate volume. Seller claims to offer removal only. Since registries do not track removal and avoided emissions as separate types of carbon benefits, there is no way to promise the removal slice of the project as a unique and verifiable product that will only be sold once." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 10.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Seller claims 100 year permanence.", "comment": "Program appears to contract landowners for a 10 or 20 year time period. Seller reports permanence at the program level, not the property level. Program pursues a number of strategies to increase likelihood of program-level permanence despite the short contracts with landowners, including daisy-chained landowner contracts and recruitment of new landowners to replace lost carbon benefits. We report the minimum landowner contract term as the permanence term." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "No counterfactual is specified.", "comment": "Program plans to enroll approximately 7,000 landowners. It does not appear that the baseline practices or management plans of participating landowners will be reported, making it hard to validate the impact of carbon finance on their management practices." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Public documentation available via the Microsoft 2021 Carbon Removal RFP and project website. Key program details, including landscape-level assumptions about carbon removal, are not publicly available." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "ifm" ], "id": "MSFT102", "description": "Improving management of family-owned forests through the Family Forest Carbon Program.", "applicant": "The Nature Conservancy", "rating": "1", "keywords": "Family Forest Carbon Program", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Pennsylvania, USA" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://www.familyforestcarbon.org/" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in forests.", "comment": "Project establishes oak and magnolia forests on previously barren land." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 418299.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Seller claims 418,299 tCO\u2082 removal over a 28,391.8 ha project area. The offered volume is just a portion of the total carbon benefits attributed to the project. A 22% buffer is maintained to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "Seller claims to offer only carbon benefits generated available in MSFT FY2021. Project claims a plausable removal rate of 1.88 tCO\u2082/ha/yr for the first seven years of operation (2014-2021). Assumptions leading to this removal rate are well documented and cited." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 53.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 100 year permanence.", "comment": "Project lifetime appears to be 60 years (2014-2074), with 53 years remaining, which we report as the permanence. Socioeconomic risks are significant on this time horizon due to the risk of default or bankruptcy, though this risk may be moderated by the proponent being a stack backed entity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "Counterfactual specified as land remaining barren or conversion to agricultural use.", "comment": "Planting activity was carried out from 2014-2020. Project occurs in a region highly relevant to the Chinese government's reforestation goals and ongoing programs (e.g. Green for Grain). More information about why this project in ineligible for state-available funding would be needed to be confident about the additionality of this project." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Project is formally listed on Verra as VCS1930. Significant project information available." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "reforestation" ], "id": "MSFT103", "description": "Afforestation project located in Henan Nanzhao.", "applicant": "ClimateCare Oxford", "rating": "2", "keywords": "Henan Nanzhao", "methods": "Involved parties include ClimateCare Oxford and Beijing Pingtouge Forestry Carbon Technology Development Co. Buffer is 22%, crediting period is 2014-2074, and project area is 27,380 ha planted with magnolia and oak trees. Seller indicated that all offered carbon benefits are generated before the end of FY2021. From project\u2019s registry documentation, cumulative carbon removal between 2014-2021 is estimated to be 361,186 tCO\u2082. The inferred basic carbon removal rate is thus (361,186/27,380)/7 = 1.88 tCO\u2082/ha/yr. ", "location": { "name": "Henan, China" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://registry.verra.org/app/projectDetail/VCS/1930" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project leverages rainwater to weather ground olivine spread on land. Depending on sediment transfer, olivine weathering can result in alkalization of runoff and/or formation of carbonate precipitates, both of which remove carbon from the atmosphere.", "comment": "Project specifically proposes to incorporate olivine into data center constructio. Not known over relavant time scales whether final form of carbon is carbonate precipitates or dissolved bicarbonate." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 100.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 100 tCO\u2082 removal from the replacement of conventional gravel and sand with olivine in Microsoft data center construction, with 50 tCO\u2082 offered in FY2021.", "comment": "Few details available on specific deployment plan. Some combination of olivine volume and crediting timeline would be needed to validate the volume." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "Boundary conditions for future, location-specific LCAs are well-specified. Not enough information is available to estimate or calculate the negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 1000.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Seller claims 10,000 year permanence.", "comment": "Successful mineralization produces reliable, effectively permanent carbon storage." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "Counterfactual is using alternative sand and gravel materials that don't provide carbon removal benefits.", "comment": "Olivine can be purchased and used separate from its carbon removal benefits." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Basic technology is reasonably well-described in the published literature." } ], "tags": [ "mineralization", "olivine" ], "id": "MSFT104", "description": "CO\u2082 removal with olivine at Microsoft data centers.", "applicant": "GreenSand", "rating": "2", "keywords": "", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Global" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://www.greensand.nl/" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in forests, and avoids emissions from forest loss.", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 2750000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 2,750,000 tCO\u2082 removal from a program that aims to expand from 125,000 acres to 1,000,000 acres in the next 9 years. 4000 tCO\u2082 removal are offered for FY2021. The offered volume is a portion of the total carbon benefits attributed to the project.", "comment": "There is not enough information to validate this volume. See Specificity comment." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 40.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 40 year permanence.", "comment": "No information regarding the project's contractual commitments is available. See Specificity comment." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to evaluate additionality." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Seller claims that project is listed in the ACR registry, but does not provide a formal ID." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "ifm" ], "id": "MSFT105", "description": "Scaling the Working Woodlands Program across the US.", "applicant": "The Nature Conservancy", "rating": "1", "keywords": "Working Woodlands Program", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "USA" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://www.nature.org/workingwoodlands" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for sequestration in forests.", "comment": "Project establishes bamboo plantations on degraded agricultural land." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 1800500.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 1,800,500 tCO\u2082 removal from a project that is projected to expand from 600 ha in 2021 to 5,500 ha in 2031. A buffer pool will be used to mitigate against reversals using the VCS methodology.", "comment": "There is not enough information to validate this volume. See Specificity comment." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 20.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 20 year permanence.", "comment": "No information regarding the project's contractual commitments is available. See Specificity comment." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to evaluate additionality." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Public documentation available only via the Microsoft 2021 Carbon Removal RFP. Key project details are not publicly available, including bamboo species, growth rate assumptions, and specific project location." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "reforestation" ], "id": "MSFT106", "description": "Establishing the Bamb\u00fa Tierra Nueva bamboo plantation.", "applicant": "ClimateCare Oxford", "rating": "1", "keywords": "Bamb\u00fa Tierra Nueva", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Mexico" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "", "url": "" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in coastal ecosystems, and avoids emissions that would result from their degradation.", "comment": "Project seeks to develop pilot projects to protect and restore mangroves, salt marshes, and seagrass ecosystems. These pilot projects would lay the groundwork for a \"blue carbon project pipeline.\" Validating project mechanisms would require specific project details which are not available." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 600000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 600,000 tCO\u2082 removal from project pilots that are in development.", "comment": "Validation of volume would at a minimum require information on specific projects. See Specificity comment." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 100.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 100 year permanence.", "comment": "No information regarding the project's planned contractual commitments is available. Socioeconomic risks are significant due to the risk of default or bankruptcy on this time horizon." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information on specific projects to evaluate additionality." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Verry little public information is available for the proposed pilot projects. Seller claims the first pilot project will be registered with Verra by 2022." } ], "tags": [ "ocean", "wetlands" ], "id": "MSFT107", "description": "Restoring coastal wetlands for climate mitigation, adaptation and resilience by building the Blue Carbon Resilient Credit Project Pipeline.", "applicant": "The Nature Conservancy", "rating": "1", "keywords": "Blue Carbon Resilient Credit Project Pipeline", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "USA, Belize, Carribean" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://www.nature.org/en-us/what-we-do/our-insights/perspectives/investing-in-blue-carbon-for-a-resilient-future/" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for sequestration in forests.", "comment": "Project establishes bamboo plantations on degraded agricultural land." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 10000000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 10,000,00 tCO\u2082 removal from a project that is projected to expand to 50,000 ha by 2030. A buffer pool will be used to mitigate against reversals using the VCS methodology.", "comment": "There is not enough information to validate this volume. See Specificity comment." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 30.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 30 year permanence.", "comment": "No information regarding the project's contractual commitments is available. See Specificity comment." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to evaluate additionality." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Public documentation available only via the Microsoft 2021 Carbon Removal RFP. Key project details are not publicly available, including planting plans, bamboo growth rate assumptions, and specific project location." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "reforestation" ], "id": "MSFT108", "description": "Establishing Giant Bamboo plantations in the Philippines.", "applicant": "ClimateCare Oxford", "rating": "1", "keywords": "", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Mindanao, Philippines" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "", "url": "" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Captured industrial CO\u2082 source is mineralized to create building materials. Project also reduces emissions associated with conventional concrete production.", "comment": "From a narrow lifecycle perspective, project only avoids CO\u2082 emissions because it sources CO\u2082 from a waste stream. From a broad perspective, the same technology would form a carbon removal pathway if coupled to a biogenic CO\u2082 emissions source or a direct air capture facility." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 9783258.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 9,783,258 tCO\u2082 removal, and specifies that about 210k tCO\u2082 removal is offered for FY2021.", "comment": "Seller claims 300 concrete plants licensed to use CarbonCure's technology. The offered volume includes both CO\u2082 mineralized in concrete and emissions avoided by reducing use of cement, but the ratios are not well defined. Offered volume is 125x claimed carbon benefits produced to date by this technology. It is unclear what timeline and scaling assumptions the offered volume reflects. Contingent on sufficient technology adoption, offered volume is plausible." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": 0.94, "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Project claims process emissions related to these are estimated to be about 6.3% of the amount of CO\u2082 utilized.", "comment": "The negativity reported in this proposal is higher ratio previously reported by the same project. The public information available does not explain the discrepancy, though in past proposals project has offered third-party audits of the LCA analysis upon request." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 1000.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Seller claims 10,000 year permanence.", "comment": "Successful mineralization produces reliable, effectively permanent carbon storage, even after the manufactured building material is de-commissioned." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Cement will already be purchased and used separate from its carbon removal benefits." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Publications on specific technology are not yet available. References to several third-party LCAs are provided and may be available upon request." } ], "tags": [ "mineralization", "concrete" ], "id": "MSFT109", "description": "Carbon reductions in concrete.", "applicant": "CarbonCure", "rating": "2", "keywords": "", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "North America" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://www.carboncure.com" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Avoids emissions from biomass resources and transforms them into long-lived biochar materials.", "comment": "From a narrow lifecycle perspective, project only avoids biogenic CO\u2082 emissions. From a broad perspective, the same mechanism forms a carbon removal pathway when coupled to biomass production." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 184.6, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 200 tCO\u2082 removal. A 2.5% buffer is maintained to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "Volume is based on producing biochar that is at least 92% C by mass. In other words, at least 3.4 kg CO\u2082 emissions are embodied in each kg biochar at point of production. Accounting for the buffer, this corresponds to the production of 60 t of biochar. The claimed annual production capacity of this plant is 700 t. For consistency with other biochar projects, the gross volume of avoided emissions is decreased by 10% because permanence assumes the duration over which 90% of volume will remain. Further validation of volume would require comparison against likely decay rates of the feedstock, which we have not yet done." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": 0.944, "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Project proposal reports 0.17 tCO\u2082 emitted for 3.4 tCO\u2082 stored at the point of biochar production, which matches past proposals. Puro appears to credit this project for 0.157 tCO\u2082 emitted for 3.4 tCO\u2082 stored at the point of biochar production. We report the more conservative ratio. For consistency with other biochar projects, CO\u2082 sequestration at production is decreased by 10% to reflect volume of \"permanently\" sequestered CO\u2082. See Permanence for further discussion.", "comment": "We could not find an explanation for the discrepancy between the project proposal and Puro reporting in public documentation. LCA analysis was performed by third-party, as required by Puro, but details are not publicly available. Boundary conditions well-specified, and include fossil emissions for feedstock harvest, transporation, and pyrolosis." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 755.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Seller claims 5000 year permanence.", "comment": "For consistency in reporting biochar projects, we report permanence as the approximate duration over which 90% of biochar C remains. Using the reported O:C ratio of 0.021 and a simple published model, we estimate that 90% of the biochar C will remain in 755 years. This should be considered approximate, as permanence is only weakly correlated with composition, and likely depends on the storage environment and other factors." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Feedstock is residual wood (thinnings). Biochar production is coupled with discrict heating. Further analysis would require understanding the impact of carbon finance on the operation of the facility." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Project is formally listed on Puro.earth. Reasonable details provided on project specifics, and third-party analysis of biochar chemical composition is available. LCA details, which were previously accessible via a link in the Stripe 2020 application, are no longer public." } ], "tags": [ "biomass", "biochar" ], "id": "MSFT110", "description": "Demonstration and commercialisation of biochar.", "applicant": "Carbofex", "rating": "2", "keywords": "", "methods": "Involved parties include Carbofex, Puro.earth, and DNV GL. Buffer is 2.5%, feedstock is wood thinnings or residue, O:C ratio is 0.021, biochar is 92.7% C by mass. To validate permanence, we use a simple decay model based on Campbell et al. (2019) and data reviewed in Spokas (2010) (see [Jupyter notebook](https://github.com/carbonplan/notebooks/tree/main/biochar) for details).", "location": { "name": "Finland" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://puro.earth/services/biochar-finland-100008" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project leverages rainwater to weather ground olivine spread on land. Depending on sediment transfer, olivine weathering can result in alkalization of runoff and/or formation of carbonate precipitates, both of which remove carbon from the atmosphere.", "comment": "Project specifically proposed to spread olivine near railroad tracks. Not known over relavant time scales whether final form of carbon is carbonate precipitates or dissolved bicarbonate." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 10326.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 10,326 tCO\u2082 removal from the replacement of conventional sand with olivine along railroad tracks, with 2232 tCO\u2082 offered for FY2021.", "comment": "Few details available on specific deployment plan. Some combination of olivine volume and crediting timeline would be needed to validate the volume." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "Boundary conditions for future, location-specific LCAs are well-specified. Not enough information is available to estimate or calculate the negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 1000.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Seller claims 10,000 year permanence.", "comment": "Successful mineralization produces reliable, effectively permanent carbon storage." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "Counterfactual is using alternative sand materials that don't provide carbon removal benefits.", "comment": "Olivine can be purchased and used separate from its carbon removal benefits." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Basic technology is reasonably well-described in the published literature. Pilot project details (including locations and durations) are publicly available." } ], "tags": [ "mineralization", "olivine" ], "id": "MSFT111", "description": "CO\u2082 removal with olivine near railway tracks.", "applicant": "GreenSand", "rating": "2", "keywords": "", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Amsterdam, Netherlands" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://www.greensand.nl/" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for sequestration in agroforestry systems.", "comment": "Project plants trees in coffee or vanilla agricultural systems. Proejct also pursues farmer education and activities to decrease pressure on forests." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 50000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 50,00 tCO\u2082 removal from an unknown project area. The offered volume is a portion of the total carbon benefits likely to be attributed to the project. A buffer pool will be maintained to mitigate against reversals following the VCS of Gold Standard methodology.", "comment": "There is not enough information to validate this volume. See Specificity comment." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 80.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 80 year permanence.", "comment": "No information regarding the project's contractual commitments is available. Socioeconomic risks are significant due to the risk of default or bankruptcy on this time horizon." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "Counterfactual is agricultural systems without trees.", "comment": "Project activities started in 2015. Without clear vintaging, this raises the concern that the offered carbon benefits could have been generated up to 6 years ago." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Public documentation available only via the Microsoft 2021 Carbon Removal RFP. Key project details are not publicly available, including planting schemas, species used, and specific project location." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "reforestation" ], "id": "MSFT112", "description": "Restoring coffee and vanilla ecosystems through a PUR Projet agroforestry program in Uganda.", "applicant": "ClimateCare Oxford", "rating": "1", "keywords": "PUR Projet", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Uganda" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://www.purprojet.com/project/rwenzori-project-uganda/" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Avoids emissions from decomposing biomass and sequesters carbon in wooden building elements.", "comment": "Project produces pre-fabricated, insultated wooden wall elements. From a narrow lifecycle perspective, project only avoids biogenic CO\u2082 emissions. From a broad perspective, the same mechanism forms a carbon removal pathway when coupled to biomass production." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 500.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 500 tCO\u2082 removal. A 10% buffer is maintained to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "Seller claims 49.5 kg CO\u2082 is embodied in each square meter of building material produced. Documentation on the Puro platform claims 29 kg CO\u2082 per square meter of building material produced. The discrepancy appears to lie in the project boundary considered. 500 tCO\u2082 is a plausible volume given the technology described, but more documentation connecting offered volume to crediting methodology would be needed validate this volume. Further validation of volume would require comparison against likely decay rates of the feedstock, which we have not yet done." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "An LCA analysis was performed by a third-party, as required by Puro, and is reflected in the net credits offered via the Puro platform. LCA data and analysis are not publicly available, and there is not enough information to calcualte negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 50.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Seller claims 50 year permanence.", "comment": "Wood carbon stored in building materials is likely more durable than in forests. 50 years is plausible based on existing literature and regulation." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Project produces high-value building materials, and may not be contingent on carbon incentives. This offer might be better understood as an investment in the underlying business model rather than a specific quantity of carbon removal." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Project is formally listed on Puro.earth. Reasonable details provided on project. Some public documentation is available on the Puro Platform." } ], "tags": [ "biomass", "wood" ], "id": "MSFT113", "description": "Production of innovative timber wall elements.", "applicant": "Termowood", "rating": "2", "keywords": "", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Norway" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://puro.earth/services/innovative-timber-construction-elements-norway-100012" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Avoids emissions from biomass resources and transforms them into long-lived biochar materials.", "comment": "From a narrow lifecycle perspective, project only avoids biogenic CO\u2082 emissions from park and garden waste. From a broad perspective, the same mechanism forms a carbon removal pathway when coupled to biomass production." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 67.5, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 75 tCO\u2082 removal from a pilot plant in Stockholm.", "comment": "Volume is based on producing biochar that embodies 2 kg CO\u2082 / kg biochar at point of production. In other words, biochar must be at least 55% C by mass. This offer thus corresponds to the production of 37.5 t of biochar. Seller claims pilot plant has the capacity to produce 300 t biochar per year. For consistency with other biochar projects, the gross volume of avoided emissions is decreased by 10% because permanence assumes the duration over which 90% of volume will remain.Further validation of volume would require comparison against likely decay rates of the feedstock, which we have not yet done." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "Seller claims that emissions from biochar production and transportation are subtracted from the gross quantity of CO\u2082 embodied in biochar before carbon benefits are offered to be sold. A detailed LCA is not publicly available." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 568.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Seller claims 100 year permanence.", "comment": "For consistency in reporting biochar projects, we report permanence as the approximate duration over which 90% of biochar C remains. In this case, the O:C ratio is not available, so we conservatively assume a high ratio of 0.8. Using a simple published model, we estimate that 90% of the biochar C will remain in 568 years. This should be considered approximate, as permanence is only weakly correlated with composition, and likely depends on the storage environment and other factors." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Feedstock is plant waste from city residents. Biochar production is coupled with discrict heating. Further analysis would require understanding the impact of carbon finance on the operation of the facility." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Few details provided on project specifics. Public documentation on chemical composition and LCA are not available." } ], "tags": [ "biomass", "biochar" ], "id": "MSFT114", "description": "Producing biochar from park and garden waste.", "applicant": "Stockholm Exergi", "rating": "2", "keywords": "", "methods": "Involved parties include Stockholm Exergi and Stockholm Vatten and Avfall (Stockholm Water and Waste). Pilot plant started operating in 2017 and has a capacity of 300 t biochar/year. Seller claims this plant produces 600 tCO\u2082 removal each year, so we infer a claim of 2 tCO\u2082 embodied in each ton of biochar at the point of production. A full scale plant is planned for 2022. Project is partially funded by [Bloomberg Philanthropies](https://www.bloomberg.org/blog/stockholm-biochar-project-mayors-challenge-winner-opens-first-plant/). To validate permanence, we use a simple decay model based on Campbell et al. (2019) and data reviewed in Spokas (2010) (see [Jupyter notebook](https://github.com/carbonplan/notebooks/tree/main/biochar) for details).", "location": { "name": "Sweden" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://www.stockholmexergi.se/om-stockholm-exergi/about-stockholm-exergi/negative-emissions/biochar/" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Avoids emissions from decomposing biomass and sequesters carbon in laminated wood building materials. May also avoid emissions that would come from producing other materials.", "comment": "From a narrow lifecycle perspective, project only avoids biogenic CO\u2082 emissions. From a broad perspective, the same mechanism forms a carbon removal pathway when coupled to biomass production." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 15000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 15,000 tCO\u2082 removal in FY2021. A 10% buffer is maintained to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "Volume sourced from multiple facilities across Finland to produce laminated lumber from kiln-dried pine and spruce. Seller claims an annual capacity of 40,000 tCO\u2082. Species and composition of wood and wood products are well-characterized. Volume appears plausible assuming the given procurement. Further validation of volume would require comparison against likely decay rates of the feedstock, which we have not yet done." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": 0.782, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Reported ratio based on 0.16 tCO\u2082 emissions for 0.71 tCO\u2082 stored. Boundary conditions include raw materials through production stage. LCA excludes transport of finished materials and construction-related emissions.", "comment": "Analysis performed by third-party in 2019 with public details: https://www.hirsikoti.fi/assets/images/RTSEPD_31-19_SuomenHirsitaloteollisuus_LaminatedLogWallStructures.pdf. Boundary conditions are well-specified, and LCA components are detailed and referenced." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 50.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Seller claims 50 year permanence.", "comment": "Wood carbon stored in building materials is more durable than in forests. 50 years is plausible based on existing literature and regulation." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Project produces high-value building materials, and may not be contingent on carbon incentives. Further analysis would require knowing competing uses for feedstock." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Project is formally listed on Puro.earth. Few project details are provided in this proposal, but underlying project information is available through the Puro Platform and Stripe's 2020 Negative Emisions Purchase materials." } ], "tags": [ "biomass", "wood" ], "id": "MSFT115", "description": "Manufacturing wooden building elements.", "applicant": "Finnish Log House", "rating": "3", "keywords": "", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Finland" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://puro.earth/services/building-elements-finland-100010" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project avoids emissions by re-wetting peatlands and slowing decomposition.", "comment": "Project restores peatlands by blocking artificial drainage." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 210274.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 210,274 tCO\u2082 removal from the restoration of 2100 ha of peatland.", "comment": "There is not enough information to validate this volume. See Specificity comment." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 100.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 100 year permanence.", "comment": "No information regarding the project's contractual commitments is available. Socioeconomic risks are significant due to the risk of default or bankruptcy on this time horizon." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to evaluate additionality." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Public documentation available only via the Microsoft 2021 Carbon Removal RFP." } ], "tags": [ "soil", "conversion" ], "id": "MSFT116", "description": "Restoring bog and peatlands though the Dunbeath Peatland Restoration project.", "applicant": "ClimateCare Oxford", "rating": "1", "keywords": "Dunbeath Peatland Restoration", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Scotland" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "", "url": "" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Removes carbon from atmosphere for sequestration in soil and trees.", "comment": "Project partners with farmers to implement a range of activities, including time-controlled grazing, tree planting and cover cropping." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 360000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 360,000 tCO\u2082 removal from an unknown project area. A buffer pool will maintained to mitigate against reversals; methodology is not specified.", "comment": "Seller claims a minimum removal rate of 5000 tCO\u2082/ha through some combination of soil organic carbon improvement and tree growth. Validation of volume would at a minimum require information on specific projects." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 10.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Seller claims 10 year permanence.", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "No counterfactual is specified.", "comment": "There is not enough information to evaluate additionality." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "No information or data on specific projects are publicly available." } ], "tags": [ "soil", "grazing" ], "id": "MSFT117", "description": "PUR Projet coordinating regenerative agriculture and rotational grazing in Australia.", "applicant": "ClimateCare Oxford", "rating": "1", "keywords": "PUR Projet", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Australia" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://www.purprojet.com/" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon for storage in mangrove forests.", "comment": "Project plans to establish a new mangrove ecosystem alongside social and economic interventions to decrease deforestation pressure. Validating project mechanisms would require specific project details which are not available." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 413500.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 413,500 tCO\u2082 removal from the development of an integrated mangrove & aquaculture system of unspecified size.", "comment": "Validation of volume would at a minimum require information on project specifics. See Specificity comment." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 20.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 20 year permanence.", "comment": "No information regarding the project's contractual commitments is available." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information on specific projects to evaluate additionality. Project claims significant co-benefits alongside carbon benefits." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Verry little public information is available, including specific project activites, specific location, and specific project area. Seller claims the project will be registered with Verra." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "conversion" ], "id": "MSFT118", "description": "Mangrove afforestation in India.", "applicant": "ClimateCare Oxford", "rating": "1", "keywords": "", "methods": "Involved parties include ClimateCare Oxford and VNV Advisory Services. Project term is 2021 onward. Seller describes the project as mangrove afforestation, which we would classify as carbon removal. Seller also describes project activities meant to reduce deforestation \u2013 like alternative income generation, women empowerment, and education \u2013 which we would classify as avoided emissions. It is unclear if the project quantifies or offers the carbon benefits from reduced deforestation. ", "location": { "name": "India" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://vnvadvisory.com/upcoming-projects/" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Avoids emissions from decomposing biomass and sequesters carbon in laminated wood joists. May also avoid emissions that would come from producing other materials.", "comment": "Project produces pre-cut, laminated timber beams. From a narrow lifecycle perspective, project only avoids biogenic CO\u2082 emissions. From a broad perspective, the same mechanism forms a carbon removal pathway when coupled to biomass production." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 14000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 14,000 tCO\u2082 removal. An 11% buffer is maintained to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "Volume sourced from multiple facilities across Norway producing laminated spruce joists. Seller claims 0.616 tCO\u2082 / cubic meter laminated timber produced. Offer thus corresponds to the production of about 25,526 cubic meters of laminated timber. Further validation of volume would require comparison against likely decay rates of the feedstock, which we have not yet done." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "An LCA analysis was performed by a third-party, as required by Puro, and is reflected in the net credits offered via the Puro platform. LCA data and analysis are not publicly available, and there is not enough information to calcualte negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 50.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Seller claims 50 year permanence.", "comment": "Wood carbon stored in building materials is likely more durable than in forests. 50 years is plausible based on existing literature and regulation." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Project produces high-value building materials, and may not be contingent on carbon incentives. This offer might be better understood as an investment in the business model rather than the purchase of a particlar quantity of carbon benefits. ." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Project is formally listed on Puro.earth. Reasonable details provided on project. Some public documentation is available on the Puro Platform." } ], "tags": [ "biomass", "wood" ], "id": "MSFT119", "description": "Production of wooden building elements in Norway.", "applicant": "Moelven Limtre", "rating": "2", "keywords": "", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Norway" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://puro.earth/services/moelven-leading-scandinavian-timber-producer-100023" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Avoids emissions from biomass resources and transforms them into long-lived biochar materials.", "comment": "From a narrow lifecycle perspective, project only avoids biogenic CO\u2082 emissions from wood harvest residue. From a broad perspective, the same mechanism forms a carbon removal pathway when coupled to biomass production." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 738.5, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 800 tCO\u2082 removal. A 2.5% buffer is maintained to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "Volume is based on producing biochar that embodies 2.8 kg CO\u2082 / kg biochar at point of production. In other words, biochar must be at least 76% C by mass. Accounting for the buffer, this corresponds to the production of 293 t of biochar. For consistency with other biochar projects, the gross volume of avoided emissions is decreased by 10% because permanence assumes the duration over which 90% of volume will remain. Further validation of volume would require knowing the decay rates of the feedstock. Further validation of volume would require comparison against likely decay rates of the feedstock, which we have not yet done." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "Analysis performed by third-party, as required by Puro. Boundary conditions well-specified and include emissions for feedstock harvest, transporation, and pyrolosis. However, details of the LCA are not available, and negativity cannot be calculated." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 769.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Seller claims 1000 year permanence.", "comment": "For consistency in reporting biochar projects, we report permanence as the approximate duration over which 90% of biochar C remains. Using the reported O:C ratio of 0.017 and a simple published model, we estimate that 90% of the biochar C will remain in 769 years. This should be considered approximate, as permanence is only weakly correlated with composition, and likely depends on the storage environment and other factors." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Feedstock is residual wood (untreated wood chips). Further analysis would require understanding the impact of carbon finance on the operation of the facility." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Project is formally listed on Puro.earth. Reasonable details provided on project specifics, and public documentation on chemical composition of biochar is available. LCA details are not publicly available." } ], "tags": [ "biomass", "biochar" ], "id": "MSFT120", "description": "Production of certified biochar in Germany.", "applicant": "Carbon Cycle", "rating": "2", "keywords": "", "methods": "Involved parties include Carbon Cycle, Puro.earth and Ascend AS. Buffer is 2.5%, feedstock is untreated wood chips (a harvest residue), and O:C ratio is 0.017. LCA details are not available. Seller claims that 2.8 tCO\u2082 is embodied in each ton of biochar, corresponding to biochar that is at least 76% C by mass at point of production. Puro.earth materials indicate that each ton of biochar is credited for 3.091 tCO\u2082 / ton biochar. Reflecting the 2.5% buffer deduction, we infer that Puro is crediting Carbon Cycle biochar for 3.091 tCO\u2082/0.975 = 3.17 tCO\u2082, or biochar that is at least 86% C by mass. (The Puro crediting ratio should also reflect project emissions, so the actual credited %C is likely higher than 86%.) The offer of 800 tCO\u2082 thus corresponds to the production of up to 293 tons of biochar. We report volume as 90 percent of the carbon sequestered at point of production, or (800 tCO\u2082/ 0.975 * 0.9 = 738.5 tCO\u2082). To validate permanence, we use a simple decay model based on Campbell et al. (2019) and data reviewed in Spokas (2010) (see [Jupyter notebook](https://github.com/carbonplan/notebooks/tree/main/biochar) for details).", "location": { "name": "Germany" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://puro.earth/services/carbon-cycle-germany-premium-quality-biochar-100018" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Avoids emissions from decomposing biomass and sequesters carbon in laminated wood joists. May also avoid emissions that would come from producing other materials.", "comment": "Project produces pre fabricated timber elements. From a narrow lifecycle perspective, project only avoids biogenic CO\u2082 emissions. From a broad perspective, the same mechanism forms a carbon removal pathway when coupled to biomass production." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 13000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 13,000 tCO\u2082 removal. An 10% buffer is maintained to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "Volume sourced from multiple facilities across Norway. Seller claims 0.66 tCO\u2082 / cubic meter of wooden building element produced. This offer thus corresponds to the production of about 19,696 cubic meters of wooden building element. Further validation of volume would require comparison against likely decay rates of the feedstock, which we have not yet done." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "A detailed, third party LCA was performed. Report is in Norweigan. Negativity could likely be calculated upon translation." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 50.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Seller claims 50 year permanence.", "comment": "Wood carbon stored in building materials is likely more durable than in forests. 50 years is plausible based on existing literature and regulation." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Project produces high-value building materials, and may not be contingent on carbon incentives. This offer might be better understood as an investment in underlying business model rather than the purchase of a specific quantity of carbon benefits." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Project specifics, including feedstock and LCA, are not publicly available. Project does not yet appear on the Puro platform." } ], "tags": [ "biomass", "wood" ], "id": "MSFT122", "description": "Production of wooden building elements in Norway.", "applicant": "Are Treindustrier", "rating": "2", "keywords": "", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Norway" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://www.jatak.no/bedriftene/are-brug-as-avd-askim" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Avoids emissions from decomposing biomass resources and transforms them into long-lived biochar materials.", "comment": "From a narrow lifecycle perspective, project only avoids biogenic CO\u2082 emissions. More broadly, the same mechanism forms a carbon removal pathway when coupled to biomass production." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 28.7, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 31 tCO\u2082 removal from a demonstration project. A 2.5% buffer is maintained to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "Volume is based on producing biochar that is 85-95% C by mass. Therefore conservatively, at least 3.12 kg CO\u2082 emissions are embodied in each kg of biochar at point of production. Accounting for the buffer, this corresponds to the production of 10.2 t of biochar. For consistency with other biochar projects, gross volume of avoided emissions is decreased by 10% because permanence assumes the duration over which 90% of volume will remain. Further validation of volume would require comparison against likely decay rates of the feedstock, which we have not yet done." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": 0.961, "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Project reports 0.035 tCO\u2082 emitted for 1 tCO\u2082 stored at the point of biochar production. For consistency with other biochar projects, CO\u2082 sequestration at production is decreased by 10% to reflect volume of \"permanently\" sequestered CO\u2082. See Permanence for further discussion.", "comment": "Analysis performed by third-party, as required by Puro, but details are not available. Boundary conditions are well-specified and include emissions for feedstock harvest, transporation, and pyrolosis." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 568.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Seller claims 1000 year permanence.", "comment": "For consistency in reporting biochar projects, we report permanence as the approximate duration over which 90% of biochar C remains. Project reports an O:C ratio range of 0.3-0.8. Using a conservative O:C ratio of 0.08 and a simple published model, we estimate that 90% of the biochar C will remain in 568 years. This should be considered approximate, as permanence is only weakly correlated with composition, and likely depends on the storage environment and other factors." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Feedstock is food production residue material (e.g. walnut shells). Further analysis would require understanding the impact of carbon finance on the operation of the facility, and competing uses for feedstock." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Project is formally listed on Puro.earth. Reasonable details are provided on project specifics. Additional documentation on LCA may be available upon request." } ], "tags": [ "biomass", "biochar" ], "id": "MSFT123", "description": "Turning woody biomass waste into biochar.", "applicant": "Carbo Culture", "rating": "2", "keywords": "", "methods": "Involved parties include Carbo Culture and Puro.earth. Buffer is 2.5%, feedstock is food production residue (e.g. walnut shells). LCA details are not available, but seller claims 0.035 tCO\u2082 emissions per ton CO\u2082 embodied in biochar. O:C ratio on project website is reported as 0.03-0.08, and on Puro.earth reported as 0.02. We conservatively use the highest O:C ratio to estimate permanence. Seller claims 3.12 tCO\u2082 per ton of biochar at point of production, or 85% C by mass, in proposal; project website claims >83% C by mass; Puro.earth profile claims 85-95% C by mass; and Puro.earth appears to credit project for 87% C by mass. We use the Puro.earth crediting numbers, internally consistent with each other, to estimate the volume of biochar produced to satisfy this offer. To validate permanence, we use a simple decay model based on Campbell et al. (2019) and data reviewed in Spokas (2010) (see [Jupyter notebook](https://github.com/carbonplan/notebooks/tree/main/biochar) for details).", "location": { "name": "California, USA" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://puro.earth/services/biochar-carbon-drawdown-in-ca-us-demo-facility-100020" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for sequestration in forests.", "comment": "Project partners will landowners to replant riparion zones with native species. In addition, project pursues education and economic development activities." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 325000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 325,000 tCO\u2082 removal from an unspecified project area.", "comment": "Some data from project implementation to date is available. Validation of offered volume would at minimum require clarity around claimed project area and crediting timeline." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 80.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 80 year permanence.", "comment": "No information regarding the landowners' contractual commitments is available. Socioeconomic risks are significant due to the risk of default or bankruptcy on this time horizon." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information on specific projects to evaluate additionality." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Some details available regarding project implementation up until 2016. Details regarding crediting methodology and proposed project are lacking." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "reforestation" ], "id": "MSFT125", "description": "Environmental awareness and watercourse restoration through the Nordesta Project by PUR Projet.", "applicant": "ClimateCare Oxford", "rating": "1", "keywords": "PUR Projet, Nordesta", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Brazil" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://www.purprojet.com/project/nordesta/" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Removes carbon from atmosphere for sequestration in soil.", "comment": "Project invests in improved methods and technologies to measure the carbon impacts of a suite of farming practices, including reduced tilling, reduced fertilizer and pesticide use, leaving grass taller and cutting it less frequently, and increasing species diversity including species with deep roots." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 1036.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 1,036 tCO\u2082 removal from an unknown project area.", "comment": "In-field samples are taken annually to measure soil organic carbon. Project is partnering with the Finnish Meteorological Institute to develop the monitoring, reporting and verification standard. Validation of volume would at a minimum require clear project specifics, or clear documentation of methodology used." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 10.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Seller claims 10 year permanence.", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "No counterfactual is specified.", "comment": "There is not enough information to evaluate additionality." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "No information or data on specific projects are publicly available." } ], "tags": [ "soil", "farming" ], "id": "MSFT126", "description": "Removal of atmospheric carbon dioxide through agricultural soil carbon sequestration at the Qvidja Carbon Farm.", "applicant": "Compensate Foundation", "rating": "1", "keywords": "Qvidja Carbon Farm", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Finland" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://www.qvidja.fi" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Avoids emissions from decomposing biomass resources and transforms them into long-lived biochar materials.", "comment": "From a narrow lifecycle perspective, project only avoids biogenic CO\u2082 emissions. More broadly, the same mechanism forms a carbon removal pathway when coupled to biomass production." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 461.5, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 500 tCO\u2082 removal from a demonstration system. A 2.5% buffer is maintained to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "Volume is based on producing biochar that is at least 80% C by mass. In other words, at least 2.93 kg CO\u2082 are embodied in each kg of biochar at point of production. Accounting for the buffer, this corresponds to the production of 170 t of biochar. For consistency with other biochar projects, the gross volume of avoided emissions is decreased by 10% because permanence assumes the duration over which 90% of volume will remain. Further validation of volume would require comparison against likely decay rates of the feedstock, which we have not yet done." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "Analysis performed by third-party, as required by Puro. Boundary conditions well-specified and include emissions for feedstock harvest, transporation, and pyrolosis. However, details of the LCA are not available, and negativity cannot be calculated." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 568.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Seller claims 1000 year permanence.", "comment": "For consistency in reporting biochar projects, we report permanence as the approximate duration over which 90% of biochar C remains. In this case, the O:C ratio is not available, so we conservatively assume a high ratio of 0.8. Using a simple published model, we estimate that 90% of the biochar C will remain in 568 years. This should be considered approximate, as permanence is only weakly correlated with composition, and likely depends on the storage environment and other factors." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Feedstock for this facility is low-value waste wood from construction. Biochar production is coupled with providing greenhouse heat. Further analysis would require understanding the impact of carbon finance on the operation of the facility." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Project is formally listed on Puro.earth. Reasonable details provided on project specifics. Public documentation on chemical composition and LCA are not available." } ], "tags": [ "biomass", "biochar" ], "id": "MSFT127", "description": "Diverting green waste from landfill and converting to bio energy and biochar through the ECHO2 project.", "applicant": "Rainbow Bee Eater", "rating": "2", "keywords": "ECHO2", "methods": "Involved parties include Rainbow Bee Eater Ltd. and Puro.earth. Buffer is 2.5%, feedstock is residues from plantation forestry, wood processing, woody weeds, construction, city green wastes, and crop systems. Seller claims biochar is >80% C by mass. O:C ratio is not available, so we conservatively assume a high ratio of 0.08, the highest claimed O:C ratio of the biochar projects appearing in this database at the time of analysis, and estimate 90% permanence, using a simple decay model based on Campbell et al. (2019) and data reviewed in Spokas (2010) (see [Jupyter notebook](https://github.com/carbonplan/notebooks/tree/main/biochar) for details).", "location": { "name": "Australia" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." }, { "date": "05-25-2021", "note": "Fixed typo regarding assumed O:C ratio." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://puro.earth/services/biochar-australia-100014" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Avoids emissions from combined heat and power plant, and instead captures it for geologic sequestration.", "comment": "Project seeks to add carbon capture and storage to an existing biomass combined heat and power plant. Carbon will be captured from exhaust, condensed, compressed, shipped to the North Sea, and injected into bedrock. From a narrow lifecycle perspective, project only avoids CO\u2082 emissions. From a broad perspective, the same mechanism forms a carbon removal pathway when coupled to biomass production." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 800000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Seller offers 800,000 tCO\u2082 removal from the addition of operations of CCS at an existing combined heat and power plant from 2024 onward.", "comment": "Seller claims the project will be able to remove about 800,000 t/yr using the hot potassium carbonate process and acheiving 90% CO\u2082 capture. Contingent on actually building out the CCS integration for the existing CHP plant, this capture volume seems feasible based on the technology. The offer is equivalent to about a year of project operation." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "Negativity is a key parameter for evaluating BECCS projects. Seller claims offer reflects LCA emissions deductions, and includes emissions from the carbon capture process, liquefaction, transport, and the preparation and management of permanent storage. No public LCA details are available, and there is not enough information to calculate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 1000.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Seller claims 10,000 year permanence.", "comment": "Successful geologic sequestration produces reliable, effectively permanent carbon storage." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "Counterfactual is operation of biomass combined heat and power plant without carbon capture and storage (CCS).", "comment": "This project is likely additional. Attention should be payed to the economics of any applicable tax credits or policy incentives, and the comcomitant claims made on carbon benefits by local or national authorities." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Reasonable project details available. LCA and storage details are lacking." } ], "tags": [ "biomass", "injection" ], "id": "MSFT128", "description": "BECCS from existing CHP running on forest residues.", "applicant": "Stockholm Exergi", "rating": "4", "keywords": "BECCS", "methods": "Involved parties include Stockholm Exergi, and potentially the Northern Lights consortium as a storage injection partner. Project term is 2024 onward, project uses a hot potassium carbonate solvent with a claimed 90% CO\u2082 capture rate, project capacity is projected to be 800,000 t captured CO\u2082/year. A pilot plant was [commissioned in 2019](https://www.stockholmexergi.se/minusutslapp/beccs/testanlaggningen-i-vartan/) in collaboration with the Swedish Energy Agency and the Royal Institute of Technology. Data from pilot is not yet publicly available. ", "location": { "name": "Sweden" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://www.stockholmexergi.se/minusutslapp/beccs/fullskalig-anlaggning/" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for sequestration in trees and soil.", "comment": "Program promotes reforestation and regenerative agriculture in collaboration with farmers. Multiple established carbon removal pathways exist, but validating project mechanisms would require specific project details." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 127000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 127,000 tCO\u2082 from an unspecified project area, with 2700 offered for FY2021.", "comment": "Validation of volume would at a minimum require some combination of claimed project area, crediting timeline, and included carbon pools. See Specificity comment." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 30.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 30 year permanence.", "comment": "Farmers are contractually obligated to maintain trees for 30 years." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Project has been operating in the area since 2012. Without clear vintaging, this leads to the concern that offered carbon benefits could have been generated up to 9 years ago. Overall, there is not enough information to evaluate additionality." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "General project plan and some information on implementation to date is available. Specifics regarding the offer and crediting methodology are not available." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "soil" ], "id": "MSFT129", "description": "Transition towards sustainable agricultural and forestry practices by PUR Projet.", "applicant": "ClimateCare Oxford", "rating": "1", "keywords": "PUR Projet", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "France" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://www.purprojet.com/project/pur-hexagone/" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Avoids emissions from decomposing biomass resources and transforms them into long-lived biochar materials.", "comment": "From a narrow lifecycle perspective, project only avoids biogenic CO\u2082 emissions. From a broad perspective, the same mechanism forms a carbon removal pathway when coupled to biomass production." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 1846.2, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 2000 tCO\u2082 removal from an established facility. A 2.5% buffer is maintained to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "Volume is based on producing biochar that is at least 78% C by mass. Therefore conservatively, at least 2.86 kg CO\u2082 emissions are embodied in each kg of biochar at point of production. Accounting for the buffer, this corresponds to the production of about 811 t of biochar. For consistency with other biochar projects, gross volume of avoided emissions is decreased by 10% because permanence assumes the duration over which 90% of volume will remain. Further validation of volume would require comparison against likely decay rates of the feedstock, which we have not yet done." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": 0.979, "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Project reports 0.05 tCO\u2082 emitted for every ton of biochar produced. For consistency with other biochar projects, gross CO\u2082 sequestration at production is decreased by 10% to reflect volume of \"permanently\" sequestered CO\u2082. See Permanence for further discussion.", "comment": "Analysis required by Puro appears to be available upon request. Boundary conditions well-specified and include emissions for feedstock harvest, transporation, and pyrolosis." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 682.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Seller claims 1000 year permanence.", "comment": "For consistency in reporting biochar projects, we report permanence as the approximate duration over which 90% of biochar C remains. Using the reported O:C ratio of 0.042 and a simple published model, we estimate that 90% of the biochar C will remain in 682 years. This should be considered approximate, as permanence is only weakly correlated with composition, and likely depends on the storage environment and other factors." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Feedstock is agricultural waste, specifically from seed production. Further analysis would require understanding the impact of carbon finance on the operation of the facility, and competing uses for feedstock." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Project is formally listed on Puro.earth. Third party LCA appears to have been performed, and may be available upon request. Third party audit through Puro platform is pending." } ], "tags": [ "biomass", "biochar" ], "id": "MSFT131", "description": "Biochar production through pyrolysis.", "applicant": "Ecoera", "rating": "2", "keywords": "", "methods": "Involved parties include Ecoera, Sk\u00e5nefr\u00f6, and Puro.earth. Buffer is 2.5%, feedstock is agricultural residues. On website, project claims biochar has an [O:C ratio of 0.042](https://ecoera.se/pages/system-and-technology-solution). On the Puro.earth profile, project claims biochar is [78% C by mass](https://puro.earth/services/biochar-ecoera-millennium-1-sweden-100015). LCA details are not available, but seller claims 0.05 tCO\u2082 is emitted for every ton biochar produced. To validate permanence, we use a simple decay model based on Campbell et al. (2019) and data reviewed in Spokas (2010) (see [Jupyter notebook](https://github.com/carbonplan/notebooks/tree/main/biochar) for details).", "location": { "name": "Sweden" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://puro.earth/services/biochar-ecoera-millennium-1-sweden-100015" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Avoids emissions from decomposing biomass and sequesters carbon in paper-based insulation.", "comment": "Project recycles newspaper into paper-based cellulose fibre insulation used in buildings. From a narrow lifecycle perspective, project only avoids biogenic CO\u2082 emissions. From a broad perspective, the same mechanism forms a carbon removal pathway when coupled to biomass production." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 10000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 10,000 tCO\u2082 removal. An 10% buffer is maintained to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "Volume is sourced from multiple facilities across Finland. Volume offer reflects buffer and LCA deductions. On Puro platfrom, seller claims 1.102 net tCO\u2082 / t of insulation produced. This offer thus corresponds to the production of about 9047 t of paper-based insulation. This seems plausible given demontrated production capacity. Further validation of volume would require comparison against likely decay rates of the feedstock, which we have not yet done." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": 0.935, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Reported ratio based on 0.087 tCO\u2082 emissions for 1.34 tCO\u2082 stored. Includes production and procurement of raw materials through production stage. Excludes transport of finished materials and construction-related emissions.", "comment": "Analysis performed in 2018 by third-party with public details: https://ekovilla.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Puhallusvilla-EPD_31_1_20_-tuulisahko.pdf. Boundary are conditions well-specified, and LCA components are detailed and referenced." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 50.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 50-100 year permanence.", "comment": "Wood carbon stored in building materials is likely more durable than in forests, but less is known about the specific insulation materials described here. We report 50 as the minimum of the claimed range, but are unable to validate the duration with confidence." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Existing industry has been in production since the 1980s, so the production of insulation does not seem contingent on carbon incentives." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Project is formally listed on Puro.earth. Public documentation on LCA is available with third-party analysis as required by Puro (though not in English). Few public details available on manufacturing process." } ], "tags": [ "biomass", "insulation" ], "id": "MSFT132", "description": "Net-negative insulation and wood products.", "applicant": "Ekovilla", "rating": "2", "keywords": "", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Finland" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://puro.earth/services/net-negative-insulation-material-finland-100009" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in plantations.", "comment": "Project collaborates with smallholder farmers to establish mixed timber plantations, or to plant trees for silvopasture or improved coffee agriculture." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 82800.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 82,800 tCO\u2082 removal from the expansion of a grouped reforestation project in Nicaragua. The offered volume is just a portion of the total carbon benefits attributed to the project. A 15% buffer will be maintained to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "Project claims a removal rate of 20.24 tCO\u2082/ha/yr for the initial growth of mixed-species plantations (the primary vehicle for project's carbon benefits). Per-species growth assumptions are well specified, but not easy to validate with third party literature." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 10.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Seller claims 50 year permanence.", "comment": "Project appears to have a rolling ten-year lifetime which is renewed each year new participants are recruited to the program." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Project plausibly changes the incentive structure around the land use of small-holder farmers in Nigaragua. Purchasing these carbon credits is more akin to contributing to fund the expansion of this project rather than paying for a particular carbon-removing activity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Project is formally listed on Plan Vivo as PV_2011_005. Significant, detailed project information available from registry." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "reforestation" ], "id": "MSFT133", "description": "Regenerating forest ecosystems with smallholder farmers through the The CommuniTree Carbon Program.", "applicant": "Natural Capital Partners Americas", "rating": "2", "keywords": "The CommuniTree Carbon Program", "methods": "Involved parties include Natural Capital Partners Americas, Arbor Day Foundation, and Taking Root. Buffer is 15%, crediting period is 50 years from each participant\u2019s starting date, project activities started in 2007, project area is currently 6000+ ha. Project documentation indicates that plantations are expected to reach maturity around year 25, with a combined above and below ground carbon content around 138 tC/ha. From this we infer an estimated carbon removal rate of 20.24 tCO2ha/yr. ", "location": { "name": "Nicaragua" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://www.planvivo.org/communitree" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon for storage in mangrove forests.", "comment": "Project plans to restore mangrove forests in state owned forest reserves by planting trees and pursuing interventions to reduce deforestation pressure." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 100000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 100,000 tCO\u2082 removal from planting 100,000 new mangrove trees over a 200 ha project area.", "comment": "Seller claims project will remove 500 tCO\u2082/ha over an unspecified time period. Mangrove structure, carbon sequestration rates, and total carbon stocks can vary tremendously. In most mangrove ecosystems, the majority of carbon is stored in the sediment. Validation of volume would require details regarding which carbon pools are accounted for in this offer and what the ecosystem's pre-restoration starting state is." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 20.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 20 year permanence.", "comment": "No information regarding the project's contractual commitments is available." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information on project specifics to evaluate additionality. Project takes place on government-owned forest preserve." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Some public information is available, including basic pilot project plan activities. More project implemenation specifics and methodology used for carbon benefit calculation would be necessary for further analysis." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "conversion" ], "id": "MSFT135", "description": "Niger Delta mangrove restoration and sustainable management.", "applicant": "ClimateCare Oxford", "rating": "1", "keywords": "", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Nigeria" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "", "url": "" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon for storage in agricultural soils.", "comment": "Project gets farmers to adopt practices included cover-cropping, minimized tillage, and compost use to increase soil organic carbon. Projects will be developed on the Nori platform. Multiple established carbon removal pathways exist, but validating project mechanisms would require specific project details." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 90000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 90,000 tCO\u2082 removal from an unspecified project area.", "comment": "Seller claims COMET-Farm model will be used to quantify changes in soil organic carbon. There is not enough information to validate volume. See Specificity comment." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 20.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 20 year permanence.", "comment": "No information regarding the project's contractual commitments is available." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information on project specifics to evaluate additionality. Project takes place on government-owned forest preserve." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Project implemenation specifics would be necessary for further analysis." } ], "tags": [ "soil", "farming" ], "id": "MSFT136", "description": "Restoring soil organic carbon through regenerative practices with PUR Projet and Nori.", "applicant": "ClimateCare Oxford", "rating": "1", "keywords": "PUR Projet, Nori", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Iowa, USA" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "", "url": "" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in re-established woodlands.", "comment": "Project establishes mixed native woodlands on previous pasture land." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 22890.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Seller offers 22,890 tCO\u2082 removal from reestablishing native woodland over a 47 ha project area. Project maintains a 21% risk buffer to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "Project claims a plausible a removal rate of 10 tCO\u2082/ha/yr." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 49.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 70 year permanence.", "comment": "Project lifetime appears to be 70 years (2000-2070), with 49 years remaining." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "Counterfactual provided is continued use for sheep grazing and sporting lease.", "comment": "Project does not appear to have any value apart from its carbon benefits. However, planting over the project area was completed in 2000, 16 years before project applied for carbon credits." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Project is formally listed on Woodland Carbon as 103000000004596. Significant project details available from registry." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "reforestation" ], "id": "MSFT137", "description": "Reforestation at the Ackron Woodland.", "applicant": "ClimateCare Oxford", "rating": "1", "keywords": "Ackron Woodland", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Scotland" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://mer.markit.com/br-reg/public/project.jsp?project_id=103000000004596" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project avoids emissions from decomposing biomass resources and transforms them into long-lived biochar materials.", "comment": "New platform offers bundled CDR from biochar applications in agricultural contexts. From a narrow lifecycle perspective, the production of biochar only avoids biogenic CO\u2082 emissions. From a broad perspective, the same mechanism forms a carbon removal pathway when coupled to biomass production." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 1000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 1000 tCO\u2082 of avoided emissions.", "comment": "Volume is souced from Carbonfuture, a platform that issues credits for demonstrated end uses of biochar. Carbonfuture credits reflect end-use specific decay rates over a claimed permanence period. This offer pools credits from unspecified projects hosted on the Carbonfuture platform." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "The Carbonfuture platform credits reflect feedstock, pyrolysis, transportation and processing emissions.", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 100.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Seller claims 100 year permanence.", "comment": "Offered volume reflects a conservative estimate of biochar decay over 100 years, and thus can be considered permanent over 100 years. Biochar remaining at 100 years will continue to decay, but will hold carbon for several centuries." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information about the particular projects being offered to assess additionality." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Carbonfuture methodologies for issuing credits are well documented. Project-specific information and clear documentation around credit transactions is sparse. It is unclear which particular projects on the Carbonfuture platform are offered in this proposal." } ], "tags": [ "biomass", "biochar" ], "id": "MSFT139", "description": "Carbon-preserving biochar applications through the Carbonfuture platform.", "applicant": "Compensate Foundation", "rating": "1", "keywords": "Carbonfuture", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Global" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://carbonfuture.earth" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in forests, and avoids emissions from forest loss.", "comment": "Project pays landowners to reduce forest harvest for a single year." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 10000000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 10,000,000 tCO\u2082 removal sourced from 11 southern US states, with 375k tCO\u2082 offered for FY2021. Each participating project is contracted for a single year of reduced harvest at a time.", "comment": "As a result of the one year project duration, the volume of any given project should be relatively straightforward to confirm via stocking estimates. Plausibility of large total volume depends on the number of particpants." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Emissions estimates taken from Stripe Carbon Removal RFP, and based solely on the operations of the small office team that will run the program and a field team that periodically validate project conditions.", "comment": "There is no reason to consider additional emissions given program design." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 1.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Seller claims 10,000 year permanence. We think this may be a typo.", "comment": "Because SilviaTerra uses an annual contracting model, we report 1 year." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "Counteractual is active forest product harvest.", "comment": "By shifting to a ton-year accounting framework, SilviaTerra intends to avoid additionality concerns by measuring actual carbon stored each year. However, other factors, such as exogenous shifts in timber markets, can still affect additionality considerations with respect to forest harvest decisions. Proprietary methods for measurement and verification against field plots are not yet available." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Reasonably thorough description of program design. Details on specific projects or methods for project quantification or selection are not yet publicly available." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "ifm" ], "id": "MSFT141", "description": "Forest carbon rental markets.", "applicant": "SilviaTerra", "rating": "3", "keywords": "", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "USA" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://www.silviaterra.com/ncapx-story-pa" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in biomass, and avoids emissions by preventing the decomposition of harvested biomass.", "comment": "Project plants coppicing, woody plants on previously cleared farmland. Periodically, project harvests above-ground biomass and stores it to avoid decomposition." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 10000000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 10,000,000 tCO\u2082 removal from the future development of this biomass storage strategy. A 1.5% buffer will be maintained to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "Project seeks funding for a feasibility study. Project specifics, such as plant species and planting area would be needed to validate the volume." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": 0.992, "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Project reports that 0.8% of total CDR is offset by project emissions.", "comment": "No data or analysis of is available to validate this negativity claim." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 200.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 200 year permanence.", "comment": "Permanence claim is based on the strategy of storing harvesting biomass to avoid decomposition. Long-term storage strategy is not specified. Socioeconomic risks are significant on this time horizon due to the risk of default or bankruptcy." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "There is no commercial value to permanently storing harvested biomass. Further validation would require additional project specifics." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "The only public documentation currently available is the application to the Microsoft 2021 Carbon Removal RFP, which does not include key details about project specifics or the methodology for calculating carbon benefits." } ], "tags": [ "biomass", "storage" ], "id": "MSFT142", "description": "Growing biomass for long-term storage.", "applicant": "EBS ", "rating": "1", "keywords": "", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Australia" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." }, { "date": "03-31-2021", "note": "Fixed typo. Modified name to match new naming convention." } ], "documentation": { "name": "", "url": "" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Avoids emission from biomass decomposition by converting biomass to bio-oil via fast pyrolisis, and pumping bio-oil into geologic storage.", "comment": "Project claims bio-oil purchased is in excess capacity from supplier, and that the source sawdust would have otherwise decomposed. From a narrow lifecycle perspective, the project avoids CO\u2082 emissions because the source sawdust from which the bio-oil was procured would have decomposed, resulting in biogenic CO\u2082 emissions. From a broad perspective, coupling biomass production, bio-oil production, and underground injection forms a carbon removal pathway. Geological sequestration capacity could become a constraint at larger scales." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 20000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Seller offers 20,000 t CO\u2082 removal.", "comment": "Given the claimed ratio of 1.19 tCO\u2082 for 1 t of bio-oil, we infer 16,807 t of bio-oil will be procured. Assuming that amount of bio-oil can be procured, the volume is plausible." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": 0.77, "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Reported ratio based on 0.36 tCO\u2082 emitted for 1.55 tCO\u2082 sequestered, including emissions due to bio-oil production, transporation to well, and injection.", "comment": "Boundary conditions for the LCA are well-specified. Some lifecycle data, including carbon intensity/lifecycle analysis from bio-oil suppliers and injection partners and lot-sampled bio-oil composition analysis to confirm carbon content, are offered upon request but not publicly accessible. Other numbers appear to be derived from plausible (though approximate) sources, with thorough references." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 1000.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Seller claims 10,000 year permanence.", "comment": "Project is working with a well provider for injection, and is in the process of drilling a new well. Successful geological injection produces reliable, effectively permanent carbon storage." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Project claims bio-oil is purchased from supplier\u2019s unused, excess capacity, so would not have been used as a fossil fuel replacement. Project also claims that the source sawdust would have otherwise decomposed and would not have been used as a fossil fuel replacement. The high cost for the pilot project and the lack of inherent commercial value provide evidence of additionality. Some possibility that at larger scales bio-oil procurement would result in future expanded bio-oil production or that the future acquisition of biological feedstocks would compete with fossil fuel displacement." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Project specifies process and plan in detail, and both the process components and their combination are based on existing demonstrations and published literature. Further detail could be provided in the future through public data on pilot deployments." } ], "tags": [ "biomass", "injection" ], "id": "MSFT143", "description": "Geological sequestration of bio-oil.", "applicant": "Charm Industrial", "rating": "4", "keywords": "", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Kansas, USA" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://charmindustrial.com/" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for sequestration in soil.", "comment": "Project provides up-front payment for farmers to convert the land from cropland to prairie grassland, and use them for grazing or haying. Participating landowners must establish a permanent conservation easement." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 103600.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 103,600 tCO\u2082 removal from an unknown project area.", "comment": "Validation of volume would at a minimum require clear project specifics, or documentation of methodology used." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 100.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 100 year permanence.", "comment": "Soil carbon storage can last for decades or more, but it can also be reversed by changes to land use or management practices. Project involves establishing conservation easements on all acres recieving carbon financing, which may increase the likelihood of permanence. Terms of easement not available." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "No counterfactual is specified.", "comment": "Project provides up-front carbon financing for the transition period before the working lands being converted back to grassland can be used for grazing or haying. This plausibly removed a barrier to landowner adoption." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "General project plan is clearly communicated. No information or data for project implementation specifics are publicly available." } ], "tags": [ "soil", "conversion" ], "id": "MSFT144", "description": "Restoring cropland to working grasslands.", "applicant": "Ducks Unlimited", "rating": "1", "keywords": "", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "North Dakota & South Dakota, USA" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://www.ducks.org/conservation/ecoassets/ducks-unlimiteds-carbon-program" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Removes carbon from the atmosphere using a liquid solvent. Captured carbon dioxide may be stored via geologic injection or utilized in industrial processes.", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 6000000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Seller seeks an offtake agreement for 6,000,000 tCO\u2082 removal from DAC plants that will operate from 2025 onward. All plants will use Carbon Engineering's DAC technology.", "comment": "Volume will be delivered by unspecified future projects using Carbon Engineering\u2019s technology. The first industrial-scale plants using Carbon Engineering\u2019s technology will be built in the Permian Basin and are designed to capture 1 million tCO\u2082/year. A schematic for a deployment of Carbon Engineering's technology at this scale was published in a 2018 peer-reviewed paper, alongside data from a pilot project. With sufficient deployment, and if executed as modeled, the offered removal volume is plausible." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "Negativity is a key parameter for evaluating DAC projects, and is dependent on project-specific characteristics such as the carbon intensity of the energy source and the end use of the captured CO\u2082. This proposal involves future projects that would deliver carbon removal volume by pursuing either geologic sequestration or carbon utilization. There is not enough public information available to calculate negativity for potential future projects." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 1000.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Seller claims 10,000 year permanence.", "comment": "Successful geologic storage produces reliable, effectively permanent carbon storage. CO\u2082 utilization options feature a wide range of permanence outcomes, including effectively permanent mineralization in products like concrete." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Proposal offers removal volume from projects that will involve non-EOR geologic sequestration or carbon utilization. Proposal indicates likely project participation in the Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) compliance program. If projects were to participate, any tons that received LCFS credits that were also offered in the voluntary market would be non-additional. Because LCFS is a compliance program, this would be a case of double counting. Conversely, tons that do not receive LCFS credits would likely be additional because of the high cost and dedicated purpose of DAC." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Basic technology is well understood through both demonstrations and published litearture. Possible sites from which the offered credits would be sourced are not yet identified." } ], "tags": [ "dac", "injection" ], "id": "MSFT145", "description": "Global opportunities for affordable, scalable DAC and storage at climate-relevant volumes.", "applicant": "Carbon Engineering", "rating": "4", "keywords": "", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Global" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." }, { "date": "03-30-2021", "note": "Carbon Engineering\u2019s public proposal is silent on the potential involvement of enhanced oil recovery (EOR). In our original project report, we raised questions about the potential involvement of EOR because Carbon Engineering\u2019s first major project in the Permian Basin will use EOR. Both Carbon Engineering and Microsoft have since confirmed that offering non-EOR volume was a precondition of Carbon Engineering\u2019s proposal, and thus the proposal should be read as offering removal volume with non-EOR geologic sequestration or carbon utilization. We made changes to the volume, negativity and additionality comments to reflect this, and increased the additionality score from a 2/3 to a 3/3. We also modified the permanence comment to reflect the potential for both geologic storage and utilization." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://carbonengineering.com/" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in forests.", "comment": "Project establishes mixed cottonwood and native hardwood forests." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 470000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 470,000 tCO\u2082 removal for FY2021 from a grouped project of unknown acreage. The offered volume is just a portion of the total carbon benefits attributed to the project. A 20.5% risk buffer is maintained to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "Project documentation projects a removal rate of 12.4 tCO\u2082/ha/yr. This falls on the high end of the plausible range provided by USFS yield tables (6.6 - 13.5 tCO\u2082/ha/yr). The total area of this grouped project is not clearly reported. Grouped project methodology includes carbon removal attributed to soil." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity. See Specificity comment." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 27.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Seller claims 40 year permanence.", "comment": "Project lifetime appears to be 40 years (2008-2048), with 27 years remaining." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "Counterfactual specified is continuation of agricultural activity.", "comment": "A Bloomberg Green story raised credible concerns about non-additionality in the GreenTrees program, particularly enrolling and crediting landowners who have already reforested or committed to reforestation through participation in government-run conservation programs. See: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2020-12-17/the-real-trees-delivering-fake-climate-progress-for-corporate-america" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Project is formally listed on American Carbon Registry as ACR114. Significant project information available for early instances of the program. Verified public information about the current state of the project\u2013including the total area of land enrolled\u2013is lacking." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "reforestation" ], "id": "MSFT146", "description": "Restoring native forest ecosystems in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley through the GreenTrees ACRE program.", "applicant": "Natural Capital Partners Americas", "rating": "1", "keywords": "GreenTrees ACRE (Advanced Carbon Restored Ecosystem)", "methods": "Involved parties include GreenTrees, Arbor Day Foundation, and Natural Capital Partners America. Buffer is 16.62%, crediting period is 2008-2048, project area according to the 2020 ACR verification is ~115,000 acres planted with cottonwood and native hardwoods. Project claims an estimated total removal of 200 tCO\u2082/ac, for a basic removal rate of (200 tCO\u2082/ac * 2.471 ac/ha)/40yr = 12.4 tCO\u2082/ha/yr. USFS yield tables for Oak-hickory in the South Central region (0-30 yrs) indicate a growth rate of 6.92 tCO\u2082/ha/yr. Similarly, Elm-ash-cottonwood (South Central, 0-30 yrs) has a growth rate of 6.57 tCO\u2082/ha/yr. Project claims high density intercropping with removal of all cottonwood at 25 years. If both cottonwoods and hardwoods achieved \u201cnormal\u201d growth during these early years, removal rate could be estimated as 6.92 + 6.57 = 13.49 tCO\u2082/ha/yr. Project includes credits for increased soil carbon, with an ex ante assumption of 1.1876 tCO\u2082/ac/year for 20 years following tree planting. [Credible concerns](https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2020-12-17/the-real-trees-delivering-fake-climate-progress-for-corporate-america) have been raised about the additionality of properties enrolled in this program.", "location": { "name": "Mississippi Alluvial Valley, USA" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://acr2.apx.com/mymodule/reg/TabDocuments.asp?r=111&ad=Prpt&act=update&type=PRO&aProj=pub&tablename=doc&id1=114" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in seaweed, which is sunk into the deep ocean for long-term storage.", "comment": "Project grows seaweed on floating arrays below the ocean surface. Part of the seaweed grown is processed into saleable products to produce a return on investment for the floating arrays; the remainder is sunk into the deep ocean for long-term carbon storage. Demonstration of successful kelp sinking is important to the integrity of this removal solution." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 6000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 6000 tCO\u2082 removal.", "comment": "Project claims that each floating array (0.5-1 square km) produces 9000-12,000 tons of seaweed, and sinks up to 6000 tCO\u2082/year. The arrays float 25 m below the ocean surface, and a wave-powered pump brings nutrient rich water to the growing seaweed from deeper in the ocean. Assuming the proprietary array and pump technology work as claimed, the main barrier to validating this volume is the lack of species specificity or pilot project data." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 500.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 500 year permanence.", "comment": "Demonstration of successful sinking pending, and is central to permanence. Carbon dioxide removed to lower ocean depths can be stable for millennia, but may affect ocean acidity and be exposed to surface-atmosphere interactions. Unlike geologic storage this stock has an implied end date for effectiveness, albeit a potentially very distant one." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "The only reason to implement a project that sinks seaweed is to generate climate benefits." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "High-level descriptions of project and technology are available. Project specifics, technology publications or public data on demonstration projects would be needed for further analysis." } ], "tags": [ "ocean", "macroalgae" ], "id": "MSFT147", "description": "Marine permaculture grows seaweed, earns money, and sinks carbon.", "applicant": "C-Combinator", "rating": "2", "keywords": "", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Massachusetts, USA" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://www.c-combinator.com" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in forests, and avoids emissions from forest loss.", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 2100000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 2,100,000 tCO\u2082 removal from the restoration and altered management of coastal rainforest over a 22,855 acre project area, with 75,000 tCO\u2082 offered for FY2021. No information about a buffer pool is publicly available.", "comment": "See Specificity comment. Seller claims to offer removal only. Since registries do not track removal and avoided emissions as separate types of carbon benefits, there is no way to validate that the removal slice of the project has not already been sold, or will not be sold again in the future." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity. See Specificity comment." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 40.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 40 year permanence.", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "No counterfactural specified. See Specificity Comment.", "comment": "$20M from Bezos' Earth Fund for \"the Emerald Edge\" may include part of this project. A carbon removal purchase would generate offsets to the extent it allows purchase of additional land. It is hard to isolate carbon benefits from conservation donation, with a potential for double counting. Overall, there is not enough information to evaluate additionality." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Project is formally listed on American Carbon Registry as ACR574. Although project provides an official ACR ID, project does not appear in the public registry." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "ifm" ], "id": "MSFT150", "description": "Tackling climate change and community resilience through the Washington Rainforest Renewal Project.", "applicant": "The Nature Conservancy", "rating": "1", "keywords": "Washington Rainforest Renewal Project", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Washington, USA" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.nature.org/en-us/about-us/where-we-work/united-states/washington/stories-in-washington/forest-restoration-conservation/&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1613080546774000&usg=AOvVaw3uqPU9uOk7Oq6bF8PwTHC8" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in forests.", "comment": "Project establishes bottomland hardwood forests on marginal agricultural lands." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 320000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 320,000 tCO\u2082 removal from the expansion of a grouped project in the lower Mississippi valley. A 10% risk buffer will be maintained to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "Seller does not specify plans for expansion. Thus, volume offered cannot be verified. Grouped project methodology includes carbon removal attributed to soil." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 22.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Seller claims 100 year permanence.", "comment": "Project's contractual lifetime appears to be 32 years (2011-2043), with 22 years remaining which we report as the permanence. Paticipants must simultaneously enroll in USDA or Conservation Reserve programs that have 10, 15, or 30 year conservation commitments." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "Counterfactual specified is continuated land use as pasture or cropland.", "comment": "Project seeks funding for expansion without specific expansion plans provided. In this way, buying this offer is akin to contributing to a fund used to run the TNC program rather than paying for a particular carbon removal action. Note that all landowners participating in this project also enroll and recieve funding from a USDA Farm Bill Wetland Reserve Easement or Conservation Reserve programs which come with 10, 15, or 30 year conservation commitments. Project proponent claims that landowners would not have enrolled in these conservation programs without recieving additional carbon finance. Additional public information is needed to validate this claim." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Project is formally listed on Verra as VCS919. Reasonable project detail available for only 1 of 11 project instances." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "reforestation" ], "id": "MSFT151", "description": "Restoring America\u2019s Amazon through the Lower Mississippi Grouped Afforestation Project.", "applicant": "The Nature Conservancy", "rating": "2", "keywords": "Lower Mississippi Grouped Afforestation Project", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Louisiana, Mississippi, & Arkansas, USA" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://registry.verra.org/app/projectDetail/VCS/919" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in forests, and avoids emissions from forest loss.", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 202646.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 202,646 tCO\u2082 removal over a 54,870 ha project area. The offered volume is just a portion of the total carbon benefits attributed to the project. Project contributes 10% of carbon benefits generated to a buffer pool to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "Seller claims to offer removal only. Since registries do not track removal and avoided emissions as separate types of carbon benefits, there is no way to validate that the removal slice of the project has not already been sold, or will not be sold again in the future." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity. See Specificity comment." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 88.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 88 year permanence.", "comment": "Project appears to occur over 100 years (2008-2109), with 88 years remaining from date of review. Socioeconomic risks are significant on this time horizon due to the risk of default or bankruptcy." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "Counterfactual is a 15 year depletion of mature timber stocks, followed by a 100 year uneven harvest schedule.", "comment": "Project is credited against an aggressive industrial harvest regime (inital harvest at 300,000 m^3/year average). The previous owner of the property practiced sustainable harvesting (57,000 m^3/year average) without carbon financing. The property was sold for $125-million, of which $25-million was provided by the federal government's Natural Areas Conservation Program and $65-million from private donations. Nature Conservancy Canada raised the $35-million ballance. The historical management practices and the conservation promises made at purchase raise questions about the chosen baseline." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Project is formally listed on Verra as VCS607. Significant project information available from multiple public sources." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "ifm" ], "id": "MSFT152", "description": "Conservation-aimed forest management project at the Darkwoods.", "applicant": "Natural Capital Partners Americas", "rating": "1", "keywords": "Darkwoods", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Canada" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://registry.verra.org/app/projectDetail/VCS/607" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for sequestration in forests.", "comment": "Project establishes mixed native species forest on previously deforested land." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 100000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Seller offers 100,000 tCO\u2082 removal from a project that is projected to expand from 184 ha to 834 ha by 2027. The offered volume is just a portion of the total carbon benefits likely to be attributed to the project. A buffer pool will be maintained to mitigate against reversals following the VCS methodology.", "comment": "Claimed removal rate is 16.5 tCO\u2082/ha/yr, with a final standing stock of 495 tCO\u2082/ha. Volume calculations are based upon locally developed carbon stock estimates, for which data and methodology are not available. Final standing stock estimate falls on the low end the range for restored Atlantic Forest of a similar age class in literature (490 - several thousand tCO\u2082/ha)." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 37.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 37 year permanence.", "comment": "No information regarding the project's contractual commitments is available." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "Counterfactual is continued forest degradation.", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Reasonably thorough description of program design." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "reforestation" ], "id": "MSFT154", "description": "Reforestation in Brazil through the Atlantic Forest Project with Saving Nature.", "applicant": "Natural Capital Partners Americas", "rating": "2", "keywords": "Atlantic Forest Project, Saving Nature", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Brazil" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://savingnature.com/atlantic-forest-of-brazil/" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in forests, and avoids emissions by discouraging deforestation and degradation.", "comment": "A suite of government-led incentives pay private landowners to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, and enhance forest carbon stocks." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 3519304.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 3,519,304 tCO\u2082 removal attributed to Costa Rica's REDD+ activities in 2016 and 2017. The offered volume is just a portion of the total carbon benefits attributed to the project in these years. An 11% buffer pool is maintained to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "There is not enough information about the implementation of REDD+ activities to validate this volume. Seller claims to offer removal only. Since registries do not track removal and avoided emissions as separate types of carbon benefits, there is no way to validate that the removal slice of the project will not be sold again in the future." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 15.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Seller claims 10,000 year permanence. We think this may be a typo.", "comment": "Project activities as described pay landowners to protect forest, change forest management plans, pursue reforestation, assist natural regeneration, or transition to agroforestry. The minimum contract period for which landowners must maintain payed-for results is 15 years. We report this as the permanence." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "No counterfactual is specified.", "comment": "Costa Rica's National Decarbonisation Plan aims for carbon neutrality by 2050. Seller claims that the sale of REDD+ carbon benefits will help Costa Rica reach its carbon neutrality goal by funding the expansion of program activities. Seller also indicates the intention to sell carbon benefits generated by the expansion of program activities. As an investment in a specific quantity of carbon removal, there are concerns about double-counting, as Costa Rica may attempt to include the carbon benefits in its national carbon accounting in addition to selling them in the voluntary markets." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": 15.0, "units": "$/tCO\u2082", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Reasonably thorough description of program design. Details lacking regarding specific project implementation and methodology for estimating removal volume." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "redd+" ], "id": "MSFT156", "description": "Providing CDR from Costa Rica\u2019s National REDD+ Program.", "applicant": "FONAFIFO", "rating": "1", "keywords": "REDD+", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Costa Rica" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://www.fonafifo.go.cr/en/conozcanos/proyectos-actuales/" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in forests, and avoids emissions from forest loss.", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 10000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Project offers 10,000 tCO\u2082 removal over a 6084.17 acre project area. The offered volume is just a portion of the total carbon benefits attributed to the project. A 17.6% buffer is maintained to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "Seller claims to offer removal only. Since registries do not track removal and avoided emissions as separate types of carbon benefits, there is no way to validate that the removal slice of the project has not already been sold, or will not be sold again in the future." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity. See Specificity comment." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 96.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 100 year permanence.", "comment": "Project lifetime appears to be 100 years (2017-2117), with 96 years remaining, which we report as the permanence. Socioeconomic risks are significant on this time horizon due to the risk of default or bankruptcy." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "Counterfactual maximizes harvest, constrained by CT state law and the conservation easement applied to the project area.", "comment": "Project area has been the home for long-term academic research activities, and is permanently protected under a conservation easement funded through the U.S. Forest Service Forest Legacy Program and held by the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection. While baseline harvest technically falls within legal limits, the plausibility of a time-shifted clear cut is debateable given the current forest use." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Project is formally listed on American Carbon Registry as ACR371 and CAFR5371. This is a compliance project. Thorough project details publicly available through the ACR registry." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "ifm" ], "id": "MSFT157", "description": "Supporting sustainable forestry and an educational non-profit through the Great Mountain Forest IFM Project.", "applicant": "Climate Trust Capital Fund", "rating": "1", "keywords": "Great Mountain Forest", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Connecticut, USA" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://acr2.apx.com/mymodule/reg/prjView.asp?id1=371" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in forests.", "comment": "Project establishes mixed cottonwood and native hardwood forests." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 500000.0, "units": "tCO3", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 470,000 tCO\u2082 removal from a project area of unknown acreage. The offered volume is just a portion of the total carbon benefits attributed to the project. A 20.5% risk buffer is maintained to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "Project claims a removal rate of 12.4 tCO\u2082/ha/yr. This falls on the high end of the plausible range provided by USFS yield tables (6.6 - 13.5 tCO\u2082/ha/yr). The total area of this grouped project is not clearly reported, thus volume offered cannot be validated. Grouped project methodology includes carbon removal attributed to soil." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity. See Specificity comment." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 27.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Seller claims 40 year permanence.", "comment": "Project lifetime appears to be 40 years (2008-2048), with 27 years remaining." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "Counterfactual specified is continuation of agricultural activity.", "comment": "A Bloomberg Green story raised credible concerns about non-additionality in the GreenTrees program, particularly enrolling and crediting landowners who have already reforested or committed to reforestation through participation in government-run conservation programs. See: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2020-12-17/the-real-trees-delivering-fake-climate-progress-for-corporate-america" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Project is formally listed on American Carbon Registry as ACR114. Significant project information available for early instances of the program. Verified public information about the current state of the project\u2013including the total area of land enrolled\u2013is lacking." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "reforestation" ], "id": "MSFT158", "description": "Restoring native forest ecosystems in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley through the GreenTrees ACRE program.", "applicant": "GreenTrees", "rating": "1", "keywords": "GreenTrees ACRE (Advanced Carbon Restored Ecosystem)", "methods": "Buffer is 16.62%, crediting period is 2008-2048, project area according to the 2020 ACR verification is ~115,000 acres planted with cottonwood and native hardwoods. Project claims an estimated total removal of 200 tCO\u2082/ac, for a basic removal rate of (200 tCO\u2082/ac * 2.471 ac/ha)/40yr = 12.4 tCO\u2082/ha/yr. USFS yield tables for Oak-hickory in the South Central region (0-30 yrs) indicate a growth rate of 6.92 tCO\u2082/ha/yr. Elm-ash-cottonwood (South Central, 0-30 yrs) has a growth rate of 6.57 tCO\u2082/ha/yr. Project claims high density intercropping with removal of all cottonwood at 25 years. If both cottonwoods and hardwoods achieved \u201cnormal\u201d growth during these early years, removal rate could be estimated as 6.92 + 6.57 = 13.49 tCO\u2082/ha/yr. Project includes credits for increased soil carbon, with an ex ante assumption of 1.1876 tCO\u2082/ac/year for 20 years following tree planting. [Credible concerns](https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2020-12-17/the-real-trees-delivering-fake-climate-progress-for-corporate-america) have been raised about the additionality of properties enrolled in this program.", "location": { "name": "Mississippi Alluvial Valley, USA" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://www.green-trees.com" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in forests, and avoids emissions from forest loss.", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 100000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Project offers 100,000 tCO\u2082 removal over a 113,808 acre project area. The offered volume is just a portion of the total carbon benefits attributed to the project. A 17.6% buffer is maintained to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "Seller claims to offer removal only. Since registries do not track removal and avoided emissions as separate types of carbon benefits, there is no way to validate that the removal slice of the project has not already been sold, or will not be sold again in the future." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity. See Specificity comment." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 96.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 100 year permanence.", "comment": "Project lifetime appears to be 100 years (2017-2117), with 96 years remaining, which we report as the permanence. Socioeconomic risks are significant on this time horizon due to the risk of default or bankruptcy." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "Counterfactual is management for the maximum legal timber harvest.", "comment": "Project area has been owned by The Nature Conservancy and managed for conservation goals since 1998. Credited project activities began in 2017. Without clear vintaging, this raises the concern that offered climate benefits could have been generated up to 6 years ago." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Project is formally listed on American Carbon Registry as ACR427. Significant project information available from multiple public sources." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "ifm" ], "id": "MSFT159", "description": "Blending carbon and timber revenues for diverse forest management goals in the Upper St. John Forest.", "applicant": "Climate Trust Capital Fund", "rating": "1", "keywords": "Upper St. John Forest", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Maine, USA" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://acr2.apx.com/mymodule/reg/prjView.asp?id1=427" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for sequestration in farmer-owned trees.", "comment": "Project partners with small-holder farmers to plant trees on farmer-owned land." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 90000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 90,000 tCO\u2082 from a 13,914 ha project area. This is a combined offering from seven projects under the TIST Kenya umbrella. The offered volume is just a portion of the total carbon benefits attributed to the project. A 10% buffer pool is maintained to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "This is a combined offer from seven distinct grouped projects in Kenya, all under the TIST umbrella. Seller does not attribute carbon benefits offered specific projects. Projects estimate net CO\u2082 removal based on four tree classes, and allow farmers to choose which species to plant on their land. The uncertainty inherent in the reporting structure of the grouped project makes it difficult to validate the offered volume." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 13.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Seller claims 45 year permanence.", "comment": "All seven sub-project lifetimes appear to be 30 years (2004-2033), with 13 years remaining." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "70% of net carbon finance profits are directed to the farmers who own the trees, plausibly changing the incentive structure around their land use. Project activities started in 2003, but did not register to recieve carbon credits until 2013. Between 2003 and 2013, the TIST program recieved significant international funding. Without clear vintaging of the offer, this raises a concern about the additionality of historical carbon credits." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Projects are formally listed on Verra as VCS594 / VCS595 / VCS596 / VCS597 / VCS737 / VCS899 / VCS996. Reasonable details provided on project design and early instances of this grouped project. Live updates from some projects available via crowdsourced database online." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "reforestation" ], "id": "MSFT160", "description": "Reforestation project with small-holder farmers through the TIST Program in Kenya.", "applicant": "Natural Capital Partners Americas", "rating": "1", "keywords": "TIST Program", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Kenya" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://www.tist.org/i2/kenya.php" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in timber plantations innoculated with mycorrhizal fungi.", "comment": "Project establishes Pine and Eucalyptus plantations with claimed growth enhancement from mycorrhizal innoculation. Project completes two 20 year harvest rotations of Pine and four 10 year harvest cycles for Eucalyptus during project period." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 1200000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 1,200,000 tCO\u2082 removal from a ~6000 ha project area. A 10% buffer is maintained to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "Project claims removal rate of 23.9 tCO\u2082/ha/yr for Pinus radiata which is well above published ranges (15-21 tCO\u2082/ha/yr). Project claims 21.7 tCO\u2082/ha/yr removal for Eucalyptus globulus, which falls on the high end of published ranges (13-23 tCO\u2082/ha/yr). This pattern may be explained by the claimed growth enhancement as a result of mycorrhizal innoculation (41% and 47% respectively), but there is not sufficient public information to validate the efficacy of the innoculant. Project methodology includes carbon removal attributed to soil." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity. See Specificity comment." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 100.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 100 year permanence.", "comment": "Socioeconomic risks are significant on this time horizon due to the risk of default or bankruptcy." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Project is credited for activities starting in 2003. At least half of the claimed project area was planted by 2009, four years before registration as an offset project in 2013. All project instances up until at least 2009 recieved a significant government subsidy that covered 75-90% of the costs associated with establishing the project plantations. These government loans must be payed back at first harvest, ensuring the growth of established plantations. This raises questions about the additionality of further carbon finance." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Project is formally listed on Verra as VCS1055. Reasonable project detail available. Third party verification of innoculant efficiacy lacking." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "reforestation" ], "id": "MSFT161", "description": "Establishing plantations in Chile using Mikro-Tek's proprietary mycorrhizal innoculation technology.", "applicant": "ClimateCare Oxford", "rating": "1", "keywords": "Mikro-Tek", "methods": "Involved parties include Mikro-Tek Inc. and ClimateCare Oxford. Buffer is 10%, crediting period is 2003-2043, project area is 6,013.2 ha planted with inoculated Pinus radiata and Eucalyptus globulus. Project claims inoculation increases growth 41% for Radiata pine, 47% for Eucalyptus for a total sequestration of 130.4 tC/ha above-ground biomass (AGB) for Pinus radiata (20yrs) and 59.2 tC/ha for Eucalyptus (10yrs). We infer an estimated removal rate of 130.4tC/ha*(44tCO\u2082/12tC)/20yr = 23.9 tCO\u2082/ha/yr for Pinus, and 59.2tC/ha*(44tCO\u2082/12tC)/10yr = 21.7 tCO\u2082/ha/yr for Eucalyptus. Literature on Chile plantations provide estimates of 181\u2013212 tAGB/ha for Pinus radiata and 95\u2013117 tAGB/ha for Eucalyptus globulus w/ similar harvest cycles [(Olmedo et al, 2020)](https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/11/10/1063). Assuming mycorrhizal inoculation enhances growth as claimed, carbon sequestration falls on the high end of a plausible range. However, no data available to validate inoculation efficacy.", "location": { "name": "Chile" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://registry.verra.org/app/projectDetail/VCS/1055" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project leverages rainwater to weather ground olivine spread on land. Depending on sediment transfer, olivine weathering can result in alkalization of runoff and/or formation of carbonate precipitates, both of which remove carbon from the atmosphere.", "comment": "Not known over relavant time scales whether final form of carbon is carbonate precipitates or dissolved bicarbonate." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 4000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 4000 tCO\u2082 removal from a one-off purchase of finely ground olivine from a mining waste stream.", "comment": "A specific deployment plan for this one-off purchase is not specified. Both application to soils and application along railroads are mentioned. Seller claims to sell only the first ten years of carbon benefits from this deployment (reflected in the offer volume), with a total estimated sequestration for this deployoment of 6428 tCO\u2082. Given plausible ranges of olivine sequestration, this could correspond to 6140 -10,540 t olivine deployed." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "Boundary conditions for a location-specific LCA is well-specified. Not enough information is available to estimate or calculate the negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 1000.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Seller claims 10,000 year permanence.", "comment": "Successful mineralization produces reliable, effectively permanent carbon storage." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "More information regarding the alternative uses of finely ground olivine powder would be useful to validate additionality." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Basic technology is reasonably well-described in the published literature. Details regarding specific project, the rate of removal as a function of ground olivine size, and LCA estimates would be useful for further analysis." } ], "tags": [ "mineralization", "olivine" ], "id": "MSFT162", "description": "CO\u2082 removal with olivine.", "applicant": "GreenSand", "rating": "2", "keywords": "", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Duisburg, Germany" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://www.greensand.nl/" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for sequestration in farmer-owned trees.", "comment": "Project partners with small-holder farmers to plant trees on farmer-owned land." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 200000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 200,000 tCO\u2082 removal from a 5280 ha project area. This is a combined offering from two sub-projects in Kenya. The offered volume is just a portion of the total carbon benefits attributed to the project. A 10% buffer pool is maintained to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "This is a combined offer from two distinct grouped projects in Kenya, both under the TIST umbrella. Seller does not attribute carbon benefits offered to one project or the other. Projects estimate net CO\u2082 removal based on four tree classes, and allow farmers to choose which species to plant on their land. The uncertainty inherent in the reporting structure of the grouped project makes it difficult to validate the offered volume." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 13.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Seller claims a 100 year permanence.", "comment": "Both sub-project lifetimes appears to be 30 years (2004-2033), with 13 years remaining, which we report as the permanence." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "70% of net carbon finance profits are directed to the farmers who own the trees, plausibly changing the incentive structure around their land use. Project activities started in 2003, but did not register to recieve carbon credits until 2013. Between 2003 and 2013, the TIST program recieved significant international funding. Without clear vintaging of the offer, this raises a concern about the additionality of historical carbon credits." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Projects are formally listed on Verra as VCS 737 / VCS996. Reasonable details provided on project design and early instances of this grouped project. Live updates from some projects available via crowdsourced database online." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "reforestation" ], "id": "MSFT163", "description": "Reforestation project with small-holder farmers through the TIST Program in Kenya.", "applicant": "ACT Commodities", "rating": "1", "keywords": "TIST Program", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Kenya" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://www.tist.org/i2/kenya.php" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in forests.", "comment": "Project assists plants indigeneous tree species and assists natural regeneration in Kibale National Park." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 55000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 55,000 tCO\u2082 removal in FY2021 from a 6212 ha project area. The offered volume is just a portion of the total carbon benefits attributed to the project. A 10% risk buffer is maintained to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "Project predicts a carbon removal rate of 12.38 tCO\u2082/ha/yr over the project lifetime from planting unspecified indigenous species." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity. See Specificity comment." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 48.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 48 year permanence.", "comment": "Project lifetime appears to be 60 years (2009-2069), with 48 years remaining. Socioeconomic risks are significant on this time horizon due to the risk of default or bankruptcy." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "Counterfactual specified is continued encroachment on national park land for agricultural activities, unchecked fire on degraded land, and a partial regeneration of pioneer begetation.", "comment": "Project activities started in 1994, a year after it the area was designated as a national park. The project is credited for activites from 2009 onwards. Forest planting was projected to be completed in 2016. This leads to the concern that offered carbon benefits could have been generated up to 12 years ago. More documentation would be needed to validate the claim that the project activities would not continue in the absence of carbon finance." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Project is formally listed on Verra as VCS673. Significant project information available." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "reforestation" ], "id": "MSFT164", "description": "Restoration of degraded areas in the Kibale National Park.", "applicant": "Natural Capital Partners Americas", "rating": "1", "keywords": "Kibale National Park", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Uganda" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://facethefuture.com/projects/uganda-kibale-reforestation" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from the atmosphere for sequestration in plantations.", "comment": "Project establishes teak plantations on previously barren lands and completes to 25-year harvest cycles within the project period." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 100000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 100,000 tCO\u2082 removal over an unknown project area in in Mexico. The offered volume is just a portion of the total carbon benefits attributed to the project. An 20% risk buffer pool is set aside to mitigate against potential reversals.", "comment": "This grouped project predicted rapid expansion from 2014-2020, however there is no documentation about its actual expansion pattern. Not knowing the project area in question, it is not possible to validate the claimed volume. Grouped project methodology includes carbon removal attributed to soil." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 42.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 61 year permanence.", "comment": "Project lifetime appears to be 54 years (2009-2062), with 42 years remaining, which we report as the permanence." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "Counterfactual specified is continued land use for cattle grazing.", "comment": "Proteak, the project proponent, is the largest forestry company in Mexico. Proteak was establishing analagous teak plantations to those included in this project for seven years leading up to 2009, the beginning of the Verra crediting period, and the project did not register with Verra until 2014. This suggests both that these teak plantations may not require carbon financing to be economically viable, and raises concerns that carbon benefits offered could have been generated up to 12 years ago." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Project is formally listed on Verra as VCS1141. Reasonable project detail available for the pre-2014 project instances, but no documentation surrounding planned grouped project expansion." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "reforestation" ], "id": "MSFT165", "description": "Establishing teak plantations through the Fresh Breeze Afforestation Project.", "applicant": "ACT Commodities", "rating": "1", "keywords": "Fresh Breeze Afforestation Project", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Mexico" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://registry.verra.org/app/projectDetail/VCS/1141" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in forests, and avoids emissions from forest loss.", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 33113.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 33,113 tCO\u2082 removal from a 22,800 acre project area. The offered volume is just a portion of the total carbon benefits attributed to the project.", "comment": "There is not enough information to validate this volume." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 40.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 40 year permanence.", "comment": "No information regarding the project's contractual commitments is available, though seller indicates that project land is put under conservation easement." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information on project specifics to evaluate additionality. Project takes place on government-owned forest preserve." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Public documentation available only via the Microsoft 2021 Carbon Removal RFP. Key project details are not publicly available, including specific project areas and methodology for calculating carbon benefits." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "ifm" ], "id": "MSFT166", "description": "Improving management of U.S. Working Forests.", "applicant": "The Conservation Fund", "rating": "1", "keywords": "", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Wisconsin & New Hampshire, USA" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "", "url": "" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in forest plantations.", "comment": "Project establishes eucalyptus plantations and harvest on a 22-year rotation." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 1000000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Seller offers 1,000,000 tCO\u2082 removal from 20,877 ha project area. The offered volume is just a portion of the total carbon benefits attributed to the project. A 10% risk buffer is maintained to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "Project predicts a carbon removal rate of 23.4 tCO\u2082/ha/yr. This is on the high end of a plausible published ranges for Eucalyptus (13.4-23.65 tCO\u2082/ha/yr). Project methodology includes carbon removal attributed to soil." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity. See Specificity comment." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 45.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 86 year permanence.", "comment": "Project's lifetime appears to be 60 years (2006-2066), with 45 years remaining, which we report as the permanence. Socioeconomic risks are significant on this time horizon due to the risk of default or bankruptcy." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "Counterfactual specified is continued cattle grazing.", "comment": "Credited project activites began in 2006, and plantations were fully established by 2011, a year before registration as an offset project. This raises the concern that offered carbon benefits could have been generated up to 15 years ago." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Project is formally listed on Verra as VCS959. Significant project information available." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "reforestation" ], "id": "MSFT167", "description": "Establishing the Guanare forest plantations.", "applicant": "Hardwick Climate Business Limited", "rating": "1", "keywords": "Guanare", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Uruguay" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://registry.verra.org/app/projectDetail/VCS/959" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in forest plantations.", "comment": "Project establishes eucalyptus and pine plantations, with a 16 or 21-year harvest rotations, respectively." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 1000000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 1,000,000 tCO\u2082 removal from a 18,191 ha project area. The offered volume is just a portion of the total carbon benefits attributed to the project. A 10% risk buffer is maintained to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "Project predicts a carbon removal rate of 31.6 tCO\u2082/ha/yr. This is above plausible published ranges for Eucalyptus (13-24 tCO\u2082/ha/yr) or Pinus (15-21 tCO\u2082/ha/yr). Project methodology includes carbon removal attributed to soil." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity. See Specificity comment." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 85.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 106 year permanence.", "comment": "Project's lifetime appears to be 100 years (2006-2106), with 85 years remaining, which we report as the permanence. Socioeconomic risks are significant on this time horizon due to the risk of default or bankruptcy." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "Counterfactual specified is continued cattle grazing.", "comment": "Project plantations were fully planted by 2013. Without clear vintaging, this leads to the concern that offered carbon benefits could have been generated up to 8 years ago." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Project is formally listed on Verra as VCS960. Significant project information available." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "reforestation" ], "id": "MSFT170", "description": "Establishing the Weryerhaeuser Uruguay forest plantations.", "applicant": "Hardwick Climate Business Limited", "rating": "1", "keywords": "Weyerhaeuser", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Uruguay" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://registry.verra.org/app/projectDetail/VCS/960" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere via sequestration in phytoplankton and transport of phytoplankton biomass to the deep ocean.", "comment": "Novel early-stage technology with field-trial demonstrations in progress. Wave-powered pumps produce artificial upwelling, stimulating primary production on ocean surface, and downwelling. Dissolved carbon storage in deep oceans raises potential long-term carbon cycle and ocean acidification questions." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 6800.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 6800 tCO\u2082 removal from the deployment of 3 pumps.", "comment": "Difficult to assess volume due to early stage of technology." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": 0.931, "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Reported ratio based on project materials, transportation, and business overhead, totaling 270 tCO\u2082 emissions for the deployment of a single pump. Seller claims 15 year active deployment period with 261.5 tCO\u2082 sequesteration per year for each pump, for a total 3922.5 tCO\u2082 sequestered over a pump's active lifetime.", "comment": "Project emissions are specified in detail, but difficult to validate because technology is early-stage and experimental." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 500.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 500 year permanence.", "comment": "Carbon dioxide removed to lower ocean depths can be stable for millennia, but may affect ocean acidity and be exposed to surface-atmosphere interactions. Unlike geologic storage this stock has an implied end date for effectiveness, albeit a potentially very distant one." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "The only reason to implement artifical upwelling and downwelling is to generate climate benefits, and no such projects are operating today." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Reasonably thorough description of technology with references. Specific publications or public data on demonstration projects not available." } ], "tags": [ "ocean", "phytoplankton" ], "id": "MSFT171", "description": "Wave-powered upwelling/downwelling for carbon\u200b sequestration.", "applicant": "Ocean-based Climate Solutions", "rating": "1", "keywords": "", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Pacific Ocean (near Hawaii)" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://www.ocean-based.com" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in silvopasture systems.", "comment": "Project plants Pongamia pinnata trees in cattle pastures. Trees are harvested to produce biofuel feedstock and cattle feed." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 447622.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 447,622 tCO\u2082 removal from an unspecified project area. The offered volume is just a portion of the total carbon benefits attributed to the project.", "comment": "Claims to produce 1 million Pongamia trees annually, with plans to scale to 3-5 million in the future. There is not enough information about the planting, growth assumptions, or harvest patterns to validate this volume." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity. Pangam Pinnata trees are harvested to produce a crude oil feedstock for \"renewable diesel fuel,\" and the leftovers from oil production are used as cattle feed. A lifecycle analysis, with clear harvest projections, would be critical for understanding the net carbon sequestration of this project." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 100.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 100 year permanence.", "comment": "No information regarding the project's contractual commitments is available. Socioeconomic risks are significant on this time horizon due to the risk of default or bankruptcy." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "Counterfactual is cattle grazing on pastures without trees.", "comment": "There is not enough information to evaluate additionality." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Key project details are not publicly available, including specific project areas and methodology for calculating carbon benefits." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "reforestation" ], "id": "MSFT172", "description": "Chaco Pongamia reforestation project.", "applicant": "Investancia Paraguay S.A.", "rating": "1", "keywords": "Chaco Pongamia", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Paraguay" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://investancia.com/" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for sequestration in bamboo.", "comment": "Project establishes commercial bamboo plantations on degraded pature lands." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 105000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 105,000 tCO\u2082 removal over a 2361 ha bamboo plantation area. The offered volume is just a portion of the total carbon benefits attributed to the project. A 10% buffer pool is set aside to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "Project predicts a carbon removal rate of 40.57 tCO\u2082/ha/yr. This is at the high end of published ranges for a variety of bamboo species (the majority falling between 16 and 44 tCO\u2082/ha/yr). Project methodology includes carbon removal attributed to soil." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity. See Specificity comment." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 10.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project claims 20 years permanence.", "comment": "Project lifetime appears to be 20 years (2011-2031), with 10 years remaining, which we report as the permanence." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "Counterfactual specified is continued low intensity cattle grazing or conversion to large scale oil palm plantations.", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Project is formally listed on Verra as VCS1085. Significant project information available." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "reforestation" ], "id": "MSFT173", "description": "Reforestation with native bamboo by Ecoplanet Bamboo Central America.", "applicant": "ACT Commodities", "rating": "2", "keywords": "Ecoplanet Bamboo Central America", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Nicaragua" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://registry.verra.org/app/projectDetail/VCS/1085" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in forests, and avoids emissions from forest conversion.", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 200382.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 200,328 tCO\u2082 removal from an unspecified project area, with 3 tCO\u2082 removal offered for FY2021. A 20% buffer will be maintained to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "Project claims to take plots with inital standing stock of 50-100 tCO\u2082/ha to 150 tCO\u2082/ha over the 25 year project term. This appears to be done through payments to local communities to cease harvest for the first 15 years, allowing natural regeneration, and doing some active planting. Project implementation specifics are not clearly documented." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity. Pangam Pinnata trees are harvested to produce a crude oil feedstock for \"renewable diesel fuel,\" and the leftovers from oil production are used as cattle feed. A lifecycle analysis, with clear harvest projections, would be critical for understanding the net carbon sequestration of this project." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 100.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Project claims 100 year permanence.", "comment": "No information regarding the project's contractual commitments is available. Socioeconomic risks are significant due to the risk of default or bankruptcy on this time horizon." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to evaluate additionality." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": 9.89, "units": "$/tCO\u2082", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Very few project specifics are publicly available." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "reforestation" ], "id": "MSFT174", "description": "Restoring damaged forests and growing carbon credits.", "applicant": "Operation Wallacea", "rating": "1", "keywords": "", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Indonesia" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "", "url": "" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Removes carbon from atmosphere for sequestration in soil.", "comment": "Project makes a general claim of increased soil carbon from changes to cattle grazing management. Validating project mechanisms would require specific project details." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 11250.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 11,250 tCO\u2082 removal from a 3,916 ha project area. The offered volume is just a portion of the total carbon benefits attributed to the project. A 25% buffer pool is maintained to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "Project documentation is not available. According to the method project claims to follow, SOC is quantified using 15cm soil samples at each of the sampling sites. SOC data is extrapolated across the project area using an unproven method that relies on SOC correlation to satellite imagery data. Because of the sensitivity of measured SOC to sampling depth and the unproven nature of the extrapolation methods, we cannot validate this volume." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 25.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 25 year permanence.", "comment": "Soil carbon storage can last for decades or more, but it can also be reversed by changes to land use or management practices. Project has the option to either contribute 5% of issued credits to a risk reveral pool, or enter into a 25 year covenent. Lacking project documentation, it is unclear what contractual obligations exist between Regen Network and the landowner." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Seller indicates that project activities started in 2017. The carbon benefits offered are not clearly vintaged, leading to the concern the carbon benefits offered could have been generated up to 4 years ago. Landowner claims significant cattle carrying capacity co-benefits in addition to carbon benefits. Overall, there is not enough information to evaluate additionality." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Few project specifics are available. 2 of 4 Regen Network proposals have full documentation, but this project has none." } ], "tags": [ "soil", "grazing" ], "id": "MSFT175", "description": "Soil organic carbon sequestration at Wongella.", "applicant": "Regen Network Development", "rating": "1", "keywords": "Wongella Pastoral", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Australia" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." }, { "date": "03-18-2021", "note": "Fixed typo." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://www.regen.network/registry/projects/wongella" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Removes carbon from atmosphere for sequestration in soil.", "comment": "Project makes a general claim of increased soil carbon from changes to cattle grazing management. Validating project mechanisms would require specific project details." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 22500.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 22,500 tCO\u2082 removal from a 2555 ha project area. The offered volume is just a portion of the total carbon benefits attributed to the project. A 25%buffer pool is maintained to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "The two well-documented Regen Network projects share a sampling regime and pool their soil data to calibrate quantification models. There are 6 sampling sites in Woodburn and 9 in Wilmot, for a total of 14 sampling sites over the combined 4409 ha project area. SOC is quantified using 15cm soil samples at each of the sampling sites. SOC data is extrapolated across the project area using an unproven method that relies on SOC correlation to satellite imagery data. Because of the sensitivity of measured SOC to sampling depth and the unproven nature of the extrapolation methods, we cannot validate this volume. In addition, there is inconsistency between the reporting of the two projects. Although they claim to pool sample data, there is no 2020 data reported for Wilmot, while Woodburn reports a major upswing in soil carbon stocks for 2020. If the reported data up until 2019 is considered, the net CO\u2082 stocks of the two projects together decreased by ~29,000 tCO\u2082e between 2017 and 2019." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 25.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 25 year permanence.", "comment": "Soil carbon storage can last for decades or more, but it can also be reversed by changes to land use or management practices. Project has the option to either contribute 5% of issued credits to a risk reveral pool, or enter into a 25 year covenent to ensure permanence. This project chose the former option." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Project documentation indicates that project activity (high-density, time-controlled, rotational grazing) started in 2015. The project is credited for the changes in SOC compared to a baseline measurement from 2017." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Detailed public documentation on project area and soil carbon quantification methods provided through the Regen Network." } ], "tags": [ "soil", "grazing" ], "id": "MSFT176", "description": "Soil organic carbon sequestration at Woodburn.", "applicant": "Regen Network Development", "rating": "1", "keywords": "Woodburn", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Australia" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." }, { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "Correction to mechanism note and validation." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://www.regen.network/registry/projects/woodburn" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Removes carbon from atmosphere for sequestration in soil.", "comment": "Project makes a general claim of increased soil carbon from changes to cattle grazing management. Validating project mechanisms would require specific project details." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 70000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 70,000 tCO\u2082 removal from a 9900 ha project area. The offered volume is just a portion of the total carbon benefits attributed to the project. A 25% buffer pool is maintained to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "Project documentation is not available. According to the method project claims to follow, SOC is quantified using 15cm soil samples at each of the sampling sites. SOC data is extrapolated across the project area using an unproven method that relies on SOC correlation to satellite imagery data. Because of the sensitivity of measured SOC to sampling depth and the unproven nature of the extrapolation methods, we cannot validate this volume." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 25.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 25 year permanence.", "comment": "Soil carbon storage can last for decades or more, but it can also be reversed by changes to land use or management practices. Project has the option to either contribute 5% of issued credits to a risk reveral pool, or enter into a 25 year covenent. Lacking project documentation, it is unclear what contractual obligations exist between Regen Network and the landowner." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to evaluate additionality." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Few project specifics are available. 2 of 4 Regen Network proposals have full documentation, but this project has none." } ], "tags": [ "soil", "grazing" ], "id": "MSFT177", "description": "Soil organic carbon sequestration at Cavan Station.", "applicant": "Regen Network Development", "rating": "1", "keywords": "Cavan Station", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Australia" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://www.regen.network/registry/projects/cavan-station" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Removes carbon from atmosphere for sequestration in soil.", "comment": "Project makes a general claim of increased soil carbon from changes to cattle grazing management. Validating project mechanisms would require specific project details." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 22500.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 22,500 tCO\u2082 removal from a 1854 ha project area. The offered volume is just a portion of the total carbon benefits attributed to the project. A 25% buffer pool is maintained to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "The two well-documented Regen Network projects share a sampling regime and pool their soil data to calibrate quantification models. There are 6 sampling sites in Woodburn and 9 in Wilmot, for a total of 14 sampling sites over the combined 4409 ha project area. SOC is quantified using 15cm soil samples at each of the sampling sites. SOC data is extrapolated across the project area using an unproven method that relies on SOC correlation to satellite imagery data. Because of the sensitivity of measured SOC to sampling depth and the unproven nature of the extrapolation methods, we cannot validate this volume. In addition, there is inconsistency between the reporting of the two projects. Although they claim to pool sample data, there is no 2020 data reported for Wilmot, while Woodburn reports a major upswing in soil carbon stocks for 2020. If the reported data up until 2019 is considered, the net CO\u2082 stocks of the two projects together decreased by ~29,000 tCO\u2082e between 2017 and 2019." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 25.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 25 year permanence.", "comment": "Soil carbon storage can last for decades or more, but it can also be reversed by changes to land use or management practices. Project has the option to either contribute 5% of issued credits to a risk reveral pool, or enter into a 25 year covenent to ensure permanence. This project chose the former option." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Project documentation indicates that project activity (high-density, time-controlled, rotational grazing) started in 2016. The project is credited for the changes in SOC compared to a baseline measurement from 2017." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Detailed public documentation on project area and soil carbon quantification methods provided through the Regen Network." } ], "tags": [ "soil", "grazing" ], "id": "MSFT178", "description": "Soil organic carbon sequestration with Wilmot Cattle Co.", "applicant": "Regen Network Development", "rating": "1", "keywords": "Wilmot Cattle", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Australia" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://www.regen.network/registry/projects/wilmot" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in forests and peatland, and avoids emissions by reducing deforestation, fire risk, and peatland decomposition.", "comment": "Project activities include rewetting drained peatland areas, conserving existing natural peat areas, implementing fire control measures, and allowing the natural regeneration of vegetation." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 500000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 500,000 tCO\u2082 of removal from a 22,922 ha project area. The offered volume is just a portion of the total carbon benefits attributed to the project. A 14% buffer is maintained to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "Seller claims to offer removal only. Since registries do not track removal and avoided emissions as separate types of carbon benefits, there is no way to validate that the removal slice of the project has not already been sold, or will not be sold again in the future. Project methodology includes carbon removal attributed to soil." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity. See Specificity comment." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 18.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project claims 47 year permanence.", "comment": "Project lifetime appears to be 47 years (2016-2062), with 42 years remaining. The Carbon Storage and Sequestration license that gives the proponents tenure over the project area is a 25-year license, extendable up to 50 years. This license was granted in 2013, implying an 18 year horizon on the current license. We report the minimum of these two time periods." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "Counterfactual specified as continued degradation of peatland and conversion of some of the project area into industrial acacia plantations.", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Project is formally listed on Verra as VCS1899. Significant project information available from multiple public sources." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "reforestation" ], "id": "MSFT179", "description": "Restoration of the Sumatra Merang Peatland.", "applicant": "ACT Commodities", "rating": "2", "keywords": "Sumatra Merang Peatland", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Indonesia" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://registry.verra.org/app/projectDetail/VCS/1899" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in forests and peatland, and avoids emissions by reducing deforestation, fire risk, and peatland decomposition.", "comment": "Project activities include rewetting drained peatland areas, conserving existing natural peat areas, implementing fire control measures, and natural regeneration of forest vegetation." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 5915842.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 5,915,842 tCO\u2082 of removal from a 22,922 ha project area, with 360k offered for FY2021. The total offered volume is just a portion of the carbon benefits attributed to the project. A 14% buffer is maintained to mitigate against reversals.", "comment": "Seller claims to offer removal only. Since registries do not track removal and avoided emissions as separate types of carbon benefits, there is no way to validate that the removal slice of the project has not already been sold, or will not be sold again in the future. Project methodology includes carbon removal attributed to soil." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity. See Specificity comment." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 18.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project claims 47 year permanence.", "comment": "Project lifetime appears to be 47 years (2016-2062), with 42 years remaining. The Carbon Storage and Sequestration license that gives the proponents tenure over the project area is a 25-year license, extendable up to 50 years. This license was granted in 2013, implying an 18 year horizon on the current license. We report the minimum of these two time periods." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "Counterfactual specified as continued degradation of peatland and conversion of some of the project area into industrial acacia plantations.", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Project is formally listed on Verra as VCS1899. Significant project information available from multiple public sources." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "reforestation" ], "id": "MSFT180", "description": "Restoration of the Sumatra Merang Peatland.", "applicant": "PT Global Alam Lestari", "rating": "2", "keywords": "Sumatra Merang Peatland", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Indonesia" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://ecosphere.plus/sumatra-merang-peatland/" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in forests, and avoids emissions by discouraging deforestation and degradation.", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 28.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 28 tCO\u2082 removal from an 493,569 project area. The offered volume is a small portion of the total carbon benefits that will be attributed to the project.", "comment": "There is not enough information to validate this volume. See Specificity comment." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity. Pangam Pinnata trees are harvested to produce a crude oil feedstock for \"renewable diesel fuel,\" and the leftovers from oil production are used as cattle feed. A lifecycle analysis, with clear harvest projections, would be critical for understanding the net carbon sequestration of this project." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 100.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 100 year permanence.", "comment": "No information regarding the project's contractual commitments is available. Socioeconomic risks are significant on this time horizon due to the risk of default or bankruptcy." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to evaluate additionality." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Key project details are not publicly available, including specific project areas, specific project activities, and methodology for calculating carbon benefits." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "redd+" ], "id": "MSFT181", "description": "Bolomba & Ingende REDD+ projects.", "applicant": "Pan-African Environmental Conservation and Development Company", "rating": "1", "keywords": "REDD+, Bolomba, Ingende", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Democratic Republic of Congo" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://www.pecdcgroup.com/current-project" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere via sequestration in kelp and transport of kelp biomass to the deep ocean.", "comment": "Project grows kelp on floating 'microfarm' line assemblies. After a period of drifting and growing, assembly loses buoyency and sinks kelp biomass into the deep ocean for long term sequestration. Demonstration of successful kelp sinking is important to the integrity of this removal solution." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 10000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 10,000 tCO\u2082 removal from the deployment of offshore micro-farms.", "comment": "Feasibility study for offshore microfarms currently underway. Data to be released before proposed December 2021 microfarm deployment." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "Project emissions include embodied carbon of materials and assembly process, operation of kelp nursery, transporation, and ecological dynamics of kelp near the ocean surface. There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 1000.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 1000 year permanence.", "comment": "Demonstration of successful kelp sinking is pending, and is critical to assess permanence. Carbon dioxide removed to lower ocean depths can be stable for millennia, but may affect ocean acidity and be exposed to surface-atmosphere interactions. Unlike geologic storage this stock has an implied end date for effectiveness, albeit a potentially very distant one." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "The only reason to implement a project that sinks kelp is to generate climate benefits, and no such projects are operating today." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Reasonably thorough description of technology with references. Project specifics are well defined. Specific publications or public data from the feasibility study would be useful for further analysis." } ], "tags": [ "ocean", "macroalgae" ], "id": "MSFT183", "description": "Open ocean kelp farming for carbon sequestration in oceanic sediments.", "applicant": "Running Tide", "rating": "2", "keywords": "", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Atlantic Ocean" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." }, { "date": "04-01-2021", "note": "Fixed typo." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://www.runningtide.com/" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in soil.", "comment": "Project sells CDR from a newly developed standard for soil carbon. Validating project mechanisms would require specific project details." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 50000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 50,000 tCO\u2082 removal projects registered under a new standard.", "comment": "There is not enough information to validate this volume. At minimum, project specifics or detailed accounting methodology would be needed for futher analysis." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity. See Specificity comment." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 10.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Seller claims 10 year permanence.", "comment": "No information regarding the landowners' contractual commitments is available. Soil carbon storage can last for decades or more, but it can also be reversed by changes to land use or management practices." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to evaluate additionality." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Offer is based on a new soil carbon storage standard, for which few public details are available. No details are available regarding participating projects." } ], "tags": [ "soil", "grazing" ], "id": "MSFT184", "description": "Carbon storage in healthy grassland soil.", "applicant": "Soil Value Exchange", "rating": "1", "keywords": "", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "USA" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://www.soil-value-exchange.com" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Avoids emissions from biomass resources, transforming them into a fuel, capturing the CO\u2082 upon combustion for geologic storage.", "comment": "Project uses torrefaction to turn waste wood into fuel suitable for a coal-fired power plant. Project seeks to add CCS to the power plant, and store the captured emissions in basalt formations. From a narrow lifecycle perspective, project only avoids biogenic CO\u2082 emissions. From a broad perspective, the same mechanism forms a carbon removal pathway when coupled to biomass production." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 600000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 600,000 t CO\u2082 removal on an uspecified timeline.", "comment": "The production of torrefied wood that would embody 600,000 tCO\u2082 is plausible, but permanent sequestration depends on the CCS portion of the proposal. The partnership between the torrefied wood producer and the power plant is not verifiable. Seller does not specify the carbon capture technology to be used, or a specific storage strategy." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "Negativity is a key parameter for evaluating BECCS projects. LCA details are available for the the production of torrefied wood, but not for the CCS portion of the project. There is not enough information to calculate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 1000.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 1000 year permanence.", "comment": "Successful geologic sequestration produces reliable, effectively permanent carbon storage. However, project lacks details regarding the CCS portion of the project and therefore permanence cannot be validated." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to evaluate additionality." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Few project details are avialable. Critical elements, including key partnerships, details regarding the CCS strategy, and full project LCA remain undefined." } ], "tags": [ "biomass", "injection" ], "id": "MSFT185", "description": "Using torrefied wood from forest restoration for BECCS.", "applicant": "U.S. Endowment for Forestry and Communities", "rating": "1", "keywords": "BECCS", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Oregon, USA" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://www.usendowment.org/what-we-do/wood-to-energy/oregon-torrefaction/" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 2.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in forests, and avoids emissions from forest conversion.", "comment": "Project buys farmland, plants trees, sells ownership of individual trees and carbon assets to private parties, and performs selective harvest to return timber profit to tree owners." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 70.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 70 tCO\u2082 from an unspecified project area.", "comment": "There is not enough information to validate this volume." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity. Pangam Pinnata trees are harvested to produce a crude oil feedstock for \"renewable diesel fuel,\" and the leftovers from oil production are used as cattle feed. A lifecycle analysis, with clear harvest projections, would be critical for understanding the net carbon sequestration of this project." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 10.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Seller claims 10 year permanence.", "comment": "No information regarding the projects' contractual commitments is available." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to evaluate additionality." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Key project details are not publicly available, including specific project areas, specific project activities, and methodology for calculating carbon benefits." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "reforestation" ], "id": "MSFT186", "description": "Private forest raising project.", "applicant": "EcoTree", "rating": "1", "keywords": "", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "France" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://ecotree.green/en/?_forceLocale=en" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in soil.", "comment": "Project helps farmers adopt management practices to sequester carbon in the soil. Multiple established soil carbon removal pathways exist, but validating project mechanisms would require specific project details." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 10000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 10,000 tCO\u2082 removal.", "comment": "There is not enough information to validate this volume." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity. Pangam Pinnata trees are harvested to produce a crude oil feedstock for \"renewable diesel fuel,\" and the leftovers from oil production are used as cattle feed. A lifecycle analysis, with clear harvest projections, would be critical for understanding the net carbon sequestration of this project." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 25.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 25 year permanence.", "comment": "No information regarding the projects' contractual commitments is available." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to evaluate additionality." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Key project details are not publicly available, including specific project areas, specific project activities, and methodology for quantifying carbon benefits." } ], "tags": [ "soil", "farming" ], "id": "MSFT187", "description": "Agro-ecology carbon farming with Carbon Sync.", "applicant": "Intuit Earth", "rating": "1", "keywords": "Carbon Sync", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Australia" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "https://www.carbonsync.com.au" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Avoids emissions from decomposing biomass resources and transforms them into long-lived biochar materials.", "comment": "Project produces biochar, and embeds it in secondary products (e.g. packaging, plastics, cement). The products are then sold with the embedded carbon benefit. From a narrow lifecycle perspective, the production of biochar only avoids biogenic CO\u2082 emissions. From a broad perspective, the same mechanism forms a carbon removal pathway when coupled to biomass production." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 100000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 100,000 tCO\u2082 removal embedded (literally and figuratively) in secondary materials like cement and mycelium-based packaging.", "comment": "Project specifics around biochar production would be needed to validate this volume." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "Life cycle analysis, including the emissions associated with embedding biochar in secondary products, is important for understanding the net carbon benefits of this offer. There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 568.0, "units": "years", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Seller claims 5000 year permanence.", "comment": "For consistency in reporting biochar projects, we report permanence as the approximate duration over which 90% of biochar C remains. In this case, the O:C ratio is not available, so we conservatively assume a high ratio of 0.8. Using a simple published model, we estimate that 90% of the biochar C will remain in 568 years. This should be considered approximate, as permanence is only weakly correlated with composition, and likely depends on the storage environment and other factors." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 1.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "Feedstock for biochar is waste wood." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Few details provided on project specifics. Public documentation on chemical composition of biochar and LCA of secondary producs are not available." } ], "tags": [ "biomass", "biochar" ], "id": "MSFT188", "description": "Embedded biochar in daily products.", "applicant": "Biochar Now", "rating": "2", "keywords": "", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Colorado, USA" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "http://biocharnow.com/" }, "notes": "" }, { "type": "Project", "metrics": [ { "type": "Metric", "name": "mechanism", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": 1.0, "notes": "Project removes carbon from atmosphere for storage in forests.", "comment": "Project plants native species to connected fragmented forests." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "volume", "value": 208000.0, "units": "tCO\u2082", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller offers 208,000 tCO\u2082 from two reforestation projects.", "comment": "There is not enough information to validate this volume." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "negativity", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to calculate or validate negativity. Pangam Pinnata trees are harvested to produce a crude oil feedstock for \"renewable diesel fuel,\" and the leftovers from oil production are used as cattle feed. A lifecycle analysis, with clear harvest projections, would be critical for understanding the net carbon sequestration of this project." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "permanence", "value": 20.0, "units": "years", "rating": 0.0, "notes": "Seller claims 20 year permanence.", "comment": "No information regarding the project's contractual commitments is available." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "additionality", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": "", "notes": "", "comment": "There is not enough information to evaluate additionality." }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "price", "value": "N/A", "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "" }, { "type": "Metric", "name": "specificity", "value": 0.0, "units": "", "rating": -9999, "notes": "", "comment": "Offer is based on two distinct projects. Another offer in the Microsoft Carbon Removal RFP provides some details on the Brazil project. Specifics for the Columbia project are not available. Documentation of carbon sequestration quantification methodologies\u2013or data on the extent and impact of the projects to date\u2013would be useful for further analysis." } ], "tags": [ "forests", "reforestation" ], "id": "MSFT189", "description": "Restoring tropical forests in biodiversity hotspots.", "applicant": "Saving Nature", "rating": "1", "keywords": "", "methods": "", "location": { "name": "Brazil & Colombia" }, "source": { "name": "Microsoft 2021 CDR RFP", "id": "MSFT00", "date": "03-17-2021", "license": "N/A", "url": "https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOGM2MGFlNGYtMGNlNy00YzY5LWEyMTAtOTA0ODEyNzEzYTczIiwidCI6ImMxMzZlZWMwLWZlOTItNDVlMC1iZWFlLTQ2OTg0OTczZTIzMiIsImMiOjF9" }, "revisions": [ { "date": "03-17-2021", "note": "First release." } ], "documentation": { "name": "Website", "url": "www.savingnature.com" }, "notes": "" } ] }